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Wang R, Bai J. Pharmacological interventions targeting the microcirculation following traumatic spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:35-42. [PMID: 37488841 PMCID: PMC10479866 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating disorder characterized by sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction that severely compromises an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living. These adverse outcomes are closely related to the complex mechanism of spinal cord injury, the limited regenerative capacity of central neurons, and the inhibitory environment formed by traumatic injury. Disruption to the microcirculation is an important pathophysiological mechanism of spinal cord injury. A number of therapeutic agents have been shown to improve the injury environment, mitigate secondary damage, and/or promote regeneration and repair. Among them, the spinal cord microcirculation has become an important target for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Drug interventions targeting the microcirculation can improve the microenvironment and promote recovery following spinal cord injury. These drugs target the structure and function of the spinal cord microcirculation and are essential for maintaining the normal function of spinal neurons, axons, and glial cells. This review discusses the pathophysiological role of spinal cord microcirculation in spinal cord injury, including its structure and histopathological changes. Further, it summarizes the progress of drug therapies targeting the spinal cord microcirculation after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Bai
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhu YX, Yang Q, Zhang YP, Liu ZG. FGF2 Functions in H 2S's Attenuating Effect on Brain Injury Induced by Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Rats. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00952-3. [PMID: 37919618 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) can protect the brain during cardiac and aortic surgery by cooling the body, but meanwhile, temporary or permanent brain injury may arise. H2S protects neurons and the central nervous system, especially from secondary neuronal injury. We aim to unveil part of the mechanism of H2S's attenuating effect on brain injury induced by DHCA by exploring crucial target genes, and further promote the clinical application of H2S in DHCA. Nine SD rats were utilized to provide histological and microarray samples, and further the differential expression analysis. Then we conducted GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses on candidate genes. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed by STRING and GeneMANIA. Crucial target genes' expression was validated by qRT-PCR and western blot. Histological study proved DHCA's damaging effect and H2S's repairing effect on brain. Next, we got 477 candidate genes by analyzing differentially expressed genes. The candidate genes were enriched in 303 GO terms and 28 KEGG pathways. Then nine genes were selected as crucial target genes. The function prediction by GeneMANIA suggested their close relation to immunity. FGF2 was identified as the crucial gene. FGF2 plays a vital role in the pathway when H2S attenuates brain injury after DHCA. Our research provides more information for understanding the mechanism of H2S attenuating brain injury after DHCA. We infer the process might probably be closely associated with immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 61 No. 3 Ave, Binhai District, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Binhai District, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 61 No. 3 Ave, Binhai District, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 61 No. 3 Ave, Binhai District, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
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Peleli M, Lyngso KS, Poulsen FR, Hansen PBL, Papapetropoulos A, Stubbe J. Inhibition of cystathionine-gamma lyase dampens vasoconstriction in mouse and human intracerebral arterioles. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14021. [PMID: 37555636 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM In extracerebral vascular beds cystathionine-gamma lyase (CSE) activity plays a vasodilatory role but the role of this hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) producing enzyme in the intracerebral arterioles remain poorly understood. We hypothesized a similar function in the intracerebral arterioles. METHODS Intracerebral arterioles were isolated from wild type C57BL/6J mouse (9-12 months old) brains and from human brain biopsies. The function (contractility and secondary dilatation) of the intracerebral arterioles was tested ex vivo by pressure myography using a perfusion set-up. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting CSE expression. RESULTS CSE is expressed in human and mouse intracerebral arterioles. CSE inhibition with L-propargylglycine (PAG) significantly dampened the K+ -induced vasoconstriction in intracerebral arterioles of both species (% of maximum contraction: in human control: 45.4 ± 2.7 versus PAG: 27 ± 5.2 and in mouse control: 50 ± 1.5 versus PAG: 33 ± 5.2) but did not affect the secondary dilatation. This effect of PAG was significantly reversed by the H2 S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) in human (PAG + NaSH: 38.8 ± 7.2) and mouse (PAG + NaSH: 41.7 ± 3.1) arterioles, respectively. The endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) inhibitor, Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) reversed the effect of PAG on the K+ -induced vasoconstriction in the mouse arterioles and attenuated the K+ -induced secondary dilatation significantly. CONCLUSION CSE contributes to the K+ -induced vasoconstriction via a mechanism involving H2 S, eNOS, and sGC whereas the secondary dilatation is regulated by eNOS and sGC but not by CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peleli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kristina S Lyngso
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frantz Rom Poulsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and BRIDGE (Brain Research-Interdisciplinary Guided Excellence), Odense, Denmark
- OPEN - Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pernille B L Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jane Stubbe
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Cirino G, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues and organs. Physiol Rev 2022; 103:31-276. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S belongs to the class of molecules known as gasotransmitters, which also includes nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three enzymes are recognized as endogenous sources of H2S in various cells and tissues: cystathionine g-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The current article reviews the regulation of these enzymes as well as the pathways of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation and elimination. The multiple interactions of H2S with other labile endogenous molecules (e.g. NO) and reactive oxygen species are also outlined. The various biological targets and signaling pathways are discussed, with special reference to H2S and oxidative posttranscriptional modification of proteins, the effect of H2S on channels and intracellular second messenger pathways, the regulation of gene transcription and translation and the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The pharmacological and molecular tools currently available to study H2S physiology are also reviewed, including their utility and limitations. In subsequent sections, the role of H2S in the regulation of various physiological and cellular functions is reviewed. The physiological role of H2S in various cell types and organ systems are overviewed. Finally, the role of H2S in the regulation of various organ functions is discussed as well as the characteristic bell-shaped biphasic effects of H2S. In addition, key pathophysiological aspects, debated areas, and future research and translational areas are identified A wide array of significant roles of H2S in the physiological regulation of all organ functions emerges from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece & Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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Gupta R, Sahu M, Tripathi R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Protein S-sulfhydration: Unraveling the prospective of hydrogen sulfide in the brain, vasculature and neurological manifestations. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101579. [PMID: 35124235 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn) are essential regulatory signaling molecules generated by the entire body, including the central nervous system. Researchers have focused on the classical H2S signaling from the past several decades, whereas the last decade has shown the emergence of H2S-induced protein S-sulfhydration signaling as a potential therapeutic approach. Cysteine S-persulfidation is a critical paradigm of post-translational modification in the process of H2S signaling. Additionally, studies have shown the cross-relationship between S-sulfhydration and other cysteine-induced post-translational modifications, namely nitrosylation and carbonylation. In the central nervous system, S-sulfhydration is involved in the cytoprotection through various signaling pathways, viz. inflammatory response, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis. Further, studies have demonstrated H2S-induced S-sulfhydration in regulating different biological processes, such as mitochondrial integrity, calcium homeostasis, blood-brain permeability, cerebral blood flow, and long-term potentiation. Thus, protein S-sulfhydration becomes a crucial regulatory molecule in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we first described the generation of intracellular H2S followed by the application of H2S in the regulation of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain permeability. Further, we described the involvement of S-sulfhydration in different biological and cellular functions, such as inflammatory response, mitochondrial integrity, calcium imbalance, and oxidative stress. Moreover, we highlighted the importance of S-sulfhydration in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dongó E, Harasztos L, Nádasy GL, Kiss L. The effect of hydrogen sulfide on the contractility of cerebral arterioles. A pilot study. Physiol Int 2022; 109:70-77. [PMID: 35230262 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endogenous gaseous substances, such as NO and CO have been found to be effective vasodilators earlier. H2S has been identified as an additional one, however, for that substance both vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor responses have been described in different vascular territories. Our aim was to examine the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the tone of cerebral arterioles and some aspects of its mechanism. METHODS The work was performed on excised rat anterior cerebral artery segments in vitro (diameter range 150-250 µm), using a pressure myograph system. We used NaHS as exogenous H2S donor, propargylglycine (PAG) to abolish the endogenous synthesis of hydrogen sulfide and 4,4'-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) to examine the potential role of Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger in the effects of H2S. The time course of the events after application of exogenous H2S was also evaluated. RESULTS Our findings revealed that in these pathologically important vessels (1) endogenously produced H2S is not a vasodilator, but a moderate vasoconstrictor; (2) H2S has a biphasic effect: low concentrations are moderate vasoconstrictors, while at higher concentrations the initial contraction is followed by dilatation; (3) that vasodilation is prevented by DIDS (4,4'-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid disodium, an inhibitor of the Cl-/HCO3 - exchanger). CONCLUSION These studies confirm that H2S should be taken into consideration as a modulator of cerebral arteriolar tone in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dongó
- 1 Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2 Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Harasztos
- 1 Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György L Nádasy
- 1 Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Kiss
- 1 Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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