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Lin MW, Lin CS, Chen YT, Huang SQ, Yang YC, Zhang WX, Chiu WH, Lin CH, Kuo CM. Continuous microalgal culture module and method of culturing microalgae containing macular pigment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130714. [PMID: 38641299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
This study established and investigated continuous macular pigment (MP) production with a lutein (L):zeaxanthin (Z) ratio of 4-5:1 by an MP-rich Chlorella sp. CN6 mutant strain in a continuous microalgal culture module. Chlorella sp. CN6 was cultured in a four-stage module for 10 days. The microalgal culture volume increased to 200 L in the first stage (6 days). Biomass productivity increased to 0.931 g/L/day with continuous indoor white light irradiation during the second stage (3 days). MP content effectively increased to 8.29 mg/g upon continuous, indoor white light and blue light-emitting diode irradiation in the third stage (1 day), and the microalgal biomass and MP concentrations were 8.88 g/L and 73.6 mg/L in the fourth stage, respectively. Using a two-step MP extraction process, 80 % of the MP was recovered with a high purity of 93 %, and its L:Z ratio was 4-5:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-systems (IDS(2)B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tso Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Qian Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Xin Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hong Chiu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Mei Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
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Kadri MS, Singhania RR, Anisha GS, Gohil N, Singh V, Patel AK, Patel AK. Microalgal lutein: Advancements in production, extraction, market potential, and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129808. [PMID: 37806362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lutein, a bioactive xanthophyll, has recently attracted significant attention for numerous health benefits, e.g., protection of eye health, macular degeneration, and acute and chronic syndromes etc. Microalgae have emerged as the best platform for high-value lutein production with high productivity, lutein content, and scale-up potential. Algal lutein possesses numerous bioactivities, hence widely used in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, aquaculture, cosmetics, etc. This review highlights advances in upstream lutein production enhancement and feasible downstream extraction and cell disruption techniques for a large-scale lutein biorefinery. Besides bioprocess-related advances, possible solutions for existing production challenges in microalgae-based lutein biorefinery, market potential, and emerging commercial scopes of lutein and its potential health applications are also discussed. The key enzymes involved in the lutein biosynthesizing Methyl-Erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway have been briefly described. This review provides a comprehensive updates on lutein research advancements covering scalable upstream and downstream production strategies and potential applications for researchers and industrialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sibtain Kadri
- Department of Education and Human Potential Development, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Kumar Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kim EA, Kang N, Heo SY, Oh JY, Lee SH, Cha SH, Kim WK, Heo SJ. Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Lutein-Enriched Extract of Tetraselmis Species. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:369. [PMID: 37504900 PMCID: PMC10381658 DOI: 10.3390/md21070369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are proposed to have powerful applications for human health in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Tetraselmis species (sp.), which are green microalgae, were identified as a source of broad-spectrum health-promoting biological activities. However, the bioactivity of these species has not been elucidated. We aimed to confirm the antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects of Tetraselmis sp. extract (TEE). TEE showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities and reduced plaque formation in Vero E6 cells infected with vaccinia virus. TEE treatment also significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and improved cell viability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. These anti-inflammatory effects were further analyzed in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and the zebrafish model. Further, TEE reduced induced NO synthase expression and proinflammatory cytokine release, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, through MAPKs and NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. Further analysis revealed that TEE increased the survival rate and reduced cell death and NO production in an LPS-stimulated zebrafish model. Further, high-performance liquid chromatography revealed a strong presence of the carotenoid lutein in TEE. Overall, the results suggest that lutein-enriched TEE may be a potent antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory agent that could be sustainably utilized in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-A Kim
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Nalae Kang
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Young Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Oh
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Bio and Medical Sciences, Hanseo University, Seosan-si 31962, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Bioactivity and Digestibility of Microalgae Tetraselmis sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. as Basis of Their Potential as Novel Functional Foods. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020477. [PMID: 36678348 PMCID: PMC9861193 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that by 2050, the world's population will exceed 10 billion people, which will lead to a deterioration in global food security. To avoid aggravating this problem, FAO and WHO have recommended dietary changes to reduce the intake of animal calories and increase the consumption of sustainable, nutrient-rich, and calorie-efficient products. Moreover, due to the worldwide rising incidence of non-communicable diseases and the demonstrated impact of diet on the risk of these disorders, the current established food pattern is focused on the consumption of foods that have functionality for health. Among promising sources of functional foods, microalgae are gaining worldwide attention because of their richness in high-value compounds with potential health benefits. However, despite the great opportunities to exploit microalgae in functional food industry, their use remains limited by challenges related to species diversity and variations in cultivation factors, changes in functional composition during extraction procedures, and limited evidence on the safety and bioavailability of microalgae bioactives. The aim of this review is to provide an updated and comprehensive discussion on the nutritional value, biological effects, and digestibility of two microalgae genera, Tetraselmis and Nannochloropsis, as basis of their potential as ingredients for the development of functional foods.
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Optimization of Major Extraction Variables to Improve Recovery of Anthocyanins from Elderberry by Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderberry, which is well known for its richness in anthocyanin, is attracting attention in the bioindustry as a functional material with high antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study is to optimize extraction conditions to more effectively recover anthocyanins from elderberry. In a fundamental experiment to determine the suitable solvent, various GRAS reagents, such as acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and isopropyl alcohol, were used, and total phenol and anthocyanin contents were detected as 9.0 mg/g-biomass and 5.1 mg/g-biomass, respectively, only in the extraction using ethanol. Therefore, ethanol was selected as the extraction solvent, and an experimental design was performed to derive a response surface model with temperature, time, and EtOH concentration as the main variables. The optimal conditions for maximal anthocyanin recovery were determined to be 20.0 °C, 15.0 min, and 40.9% ethanol, and the total anthocyanin content was 21.0 mg/g-biomass. In addition, the total phenol and flavonoid contents were detected as 67.4 mg/g-biomass and 43.8 mg/g-biomass, respectively. The very simple and economical extraction conditions suggested in this study contributed to improving the utilization potential of anthocyanin, a useful antioxidant derived from elderberry.
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Lee KH, Lee SK, Lee J, Kim S, Kim SW, Park C, Yoo HY. Energy-efficient glucose recovery from chestnut shell by optimization of NaOH pretreatment at room temperature and application to bioethanol production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112710. [PMID: 35026183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofuel policies are currently being implemented globally to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The recent European regulation, Renewable Energy Directive (RED) II, states that renewable resources should be used as raw materials. In this study, chestnut shell (CNS), a food processing residue, was utilized as a feedstock for bioethanol production. Statistical optimization was performed to improve biomass-to-glucose conversion (BtG) from the CNS. In order to design an energy-efficient process, the pretreatment was fixed at room temperature in the numerical optimization. The optimal conditions derived from the predicted model are as follows: temperature of 25 °C, reaction time of 2.8 h, and NaOH concentration of 1.9% (w/w). Under optimal conditions, both predicted and experimental BtG were 31.0%, while BtG was approximately 3.3-fold improved compared to the control group (without pretreatment). The recovered glucose was utilized for bioethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35 and the ethanol yield was achieved to be 98%. Finally, according to the mass balance based on 1000 g CNS, glucose of 310 g can be recovered by the pretreatment; the bioethanol production was approximately 155 g. This strategy suggests a direction to utilize CNS as a potential feedstock for biorefinery through the design of an economical and energy-efficient pretreatment process by lowering the reaction temperature to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20 Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Kweon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20 Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seunghee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20 Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20 Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea.
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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Active Components and Antioxidant Activity from Polygala tenuifolia: A Comparative Study of the Response Surface Methodology and Least Squares Support Vector Machine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103069. [PMID: 35630542 PMCID: PMC9144772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dried roots of Polygala tenuifolia (YuanZhi in Chinese) are widely used in Chinese herbal medicine. These components in YuanZhi have significant anti-oxidation properties owing to high levels of 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose (DISS) and Polygalaxanthone III (PolyIII). In order to efficiently extract natural medicines, response surface methodology (RSM) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) were used for the modeling and optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of DISS and PolyIII together to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained from YuanZhi. For the optimal combination of the comprehensive yield of DISS and PolyIII (Y), the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to improve extraction time (X1), extraction temperature (X2), liquid-solid ratio (X3), and ethanol concentration (X4). The optimal process parameters were determined to be as follows: extraction time, 93 min; liquid-solid ratio, 40 mL/g; extraction temperature, 48 °C; and ethanol concentration, 67%. With these conditions, the predictive optimal combination comprehensive evaluation value is 13.0217. It was clear that the LS-SVM model had higher accuracy in predictive and optimization capabilities, with higher antioxidant activity and lower relative deviations values, than did RSM. Hence, the LS-SVM model proved to be more effective for the analysis and improvement of the extraction process.
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Patel AK, Vadrale AP, Tseng YS, Chen CW, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Bioprospecting of marine microalgae from Kaohsiung Seacoast for lutein and lipid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:126928. [PMID: 35257880 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A bioprospecting study was conducted from Seawater samples collected at Kaohsiung Seacoast, Taiwan. The current research was aimed to isolate potential lutein-producing strain, evaluate and optimize the best cultivation mode, lutein accumulation stage, lutein-extraction method, and condition to recover maximum lutein (main product) and lipid (byproduct). Biorefinery is the latest approach worldwide to extract multi-products for cost-effectiveness. Selected isolate among several isolates, identified as Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12 and exploited under biorefinery concept for lutein and lipid extraction. Kh12 cultivated under mixotrophy: 2X-(HT)-9k yielded maximum biomass (3.46 g L-1) and lutein (13.69 mg g-1) which is among the higher yields reported so far. Among various tested solvents, methanol was the best extractor. Bead milling was most effective to disrupt algal cell walls, seven minutes of milling was best for maximum lutein (7.56 mg g-1) extraction. Kh12 could be a promising candidate for commercial lutein and lipid co-production based on the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Pralhad Vadrale
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Tseng
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Extraction of phenolic compounds from tomato pomace using choline chloride–based deep eutectic solvents. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Enhanced Production of Bacterial Cellulose from Miscanthus as Sustainable Feedstock through Statistical Optimization of Culture Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020866. [PMID: 35055692 PMCID: PMC8775938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Biorefineries are attracting attention as an alternative to the petroleum industry to reduce carbon emissions and achieve sustainable development. In particular, because forests play an important role in potentially reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net zero, alternatives to cellulose produced by plants are required. Bacterial cellulose (BC) can prevent deforestation and has a high potential for use as a biomaterial in various industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to improve BC production from lignocellulose, a sustainable feedstock, and to optimize the culture conditions for Gluconacetobacter xylinus using Miscanthus hydrolysates as a medium. The productivity of BC was improved using statistical optimization of the major culture parameters which were as follows: temperature, 29 °C; initial pH, 5.1; and sodium alginate concentration, 0.09% (w/v). The predicted and actual values of BC production in the optimal conditions were 14.07 g/L and 14.88 g/L, respectively, confirming that our prediction model was statistically significant. Additionally, BC production using Miscanthus hydrolysates was 1.12-fold higher than in the control group (commercial glucose). Our result indicate that lignocellulose can be used in the BC production processes in the near future.
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Tirado-Kulieva VA, Sánchez-Chero M, Yarlequé MV, Villegas Aguilar GF, Carrión-Barco G, Ygnacio Santa Cruz AG, Sánchez-Chero J. An Overview on the Use of Response Surface Methodology to Model and Optimize Extraction Processes in the Food Industry. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.9.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) is a widely used tool for modeling and optimization for food processes. The objective of this review is to evaluate recent findings on the use of RSM in the extraction of compounds from agri-food products. First, the steps for the application of RSM were briefly detailed. According to the analysis performed, RSM is suitable because it evaluates the effects of the independent variables and their interactions on the responses, which is ideal for the optimization of different techniques for the extraction of multiple bioactive compounds and therefore, in the various studies, has allowed to significantly increase the yield and even the biological activities of the extracts; however, RSM has limitations and considering the complexity and dynamics of foods, the challenge is much greater. In this sense, it was determined that simultaneous use with other techniques is necessary in order to optimally describe the process and obtain more accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Chero
- 1Facultad de Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de Frontera, Sullana, Perú
| | | | | | - Gilberto Carrión-Barco
- 4Carrera de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | - José Sánchez-Chero
- 2Facultad de Ingeniería Económica, Universidad Nacional de Frontera, Sullana, Perú
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Lee KH, Lee SK, Lee J, Kim S, Park C, Kim SW, Yoo HY. Improvement of Enzymatic Glucose Conversion from Chestnut Shells through Optimization of KOH Pretreatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3772. [PMID: 33916606 PMCID: PMC8038493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, about one-third of food produced for human consumption is wasted, which includes byproducts from food processing, with a significant portion of the waste still being landfilled. The aim of this study is to convert chestnut shells (CNSs) from food processing into a valuable resource through bioprocesses. Currently, one of the highest barriers to bioprocess commercialization is low conversion of sugar from biomass, and KOH pretreatment was suggested to improve enzymatic digestibility (ED) of CNS. KOH concentration of 3% (w/w) was determined as a suitable pretreatment solution by a fundamental experiment. The reaction factors including temperature, time and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio were optimized (77.1 g/L CNS loading at 75 °C for 2.8 h) by response surface methodology (RSM). In the statistical model, temperature and time showed a relatively significant effect on the glucan content (GC) and ED, but S/L ratio was not. GC and ED of the untreated CNS were 45.1% and 12.7%, respectively. On the other hand, GC and ED of pretreated CNS were 83.2% and 48.4%, respectively, and which were significantly improved by about 1.8-fold and 3.8-fold compared to the control group. The improved ED through the optimization is expected to contribute to increasing the value of byproducts generated in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun, 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Soo Kweon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Jeongho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun, 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Seunghee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun, 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun, 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.K.)
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Statistical Optimization of Alkali Pretreatment to Improve Sugars Recovery from Spent Coffee Grounds and Utilization in Lactic Acid Fermentation. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biorefinery, which utilizes carbon-neutral biomass as a resource, is attracting attention as a significant alternative in a modern society confronted with climate change. In this study, spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were used as the feedstock for lactic acid fermentation. In order to improve sugar conversion, alkali pretreatment was optimized by a statistical method, namely response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions for the alkali pretreatment of SCGs were determined as follows: 75 °C, 3% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a time of 2.8 h. The optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated SCGs were determined as follows: enzyme complex loading of 30-unit cellulase, 15-unit cellobiase and 50-unit mannanase per g biomass and a reaction time of 96 h. SCG hydrolysates were used as the carbon source for Lactobacillus cultivation, and the conversions of lactic acid by L. brevis ATCC 8287 and L. parabuchneri ATCC 49374 were 40.1% and 55.8%, respectively. Finally, the maximum lactic acid production by L. parabuchneri ATCC 49374 was estimated to be 101.2 g based on 1000 g of SCGs through the optimization of alkali pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis.
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