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Ruskovska T, Postolov F, Milenkovic D. Integrated Analysis of Genomic and Genome-Wide Association Studies Identified Candidate Genes for Nutrigenetic Studies in Flavonoids and Vascular Health: Path to Precision Nutrition for (Poly)phenols. Nutrients 2024; 16:1362. [PMID: 38732608 PMCID: PMC11085427 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids exert vasculoprotective effects in humans, but interindividual variability in their action has also been reported. This study aims to identify genes that are associated with vascular health effects of flavonoids and whose polymorphisms could explain interindividual variability in response to their intake. Applying the predetermined literature search criteria, we identified five human intervention studies reporting positive effects of flavonoids on vascular function together with global genomic changes analyzed using microarray methods. Genes involved in vascular dysfunction were identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). By extracting data from the eligible human intervention studies, we obtained 5807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The number of identified upstream regulators (URs) varied across the studies, from 227 to 1407. The search of the GWAS Catalog revealed 493 genes associated with vascular dysfunction. An integrative analysis of transcriptomic data with GWAS genes identified 106 candidate DEGs and 42 candidate URs, while subsequent functional analyses and a search of the literature identified 20 top priority candidate genes: ALDH2, APOE, CAPZA1, CYP11B2, GNA13, IL6, IRF5, LDLR, LPL, LSP1, MKNK1, MMP3, MTHFR, MYO6, NCR3, PPARG, SARM1, TCF20, TCF7L2, and TNF. In conclusion, this integrated analysis identifies important genes to design future nutrigenetic studies for development of precision nutrition for polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Filip Postolov
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Murat B, Murat S, Gorenek B. Comment on the Association of Coronary Artery Severity and Late In-Stent Restenosis: An Angiographic Imaging Study. Angiology 2024:33197241246917. [PMID: 38592143 DOI: 10.1177/00033197241246917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Selda Murat
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Bulent Gorenek
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Chaimati S, Shantavasinkul PC, Sritara P, Sirivarasai J. Effects of AGT and AGTR1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Changes in Blood Pressure Over a Five-Year Follow-Up. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:2931-2942. [PMID: 38164294 PMCID: PMC10758254 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s442983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the central regulation of blood pressure (BP). Genetic variations of angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) may increase susceptibility to elevated BP and hypertension. This study investigated the effects of AGT rs699 and AGTR1 rs5186 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on BP at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up. Paticipants and Methods The study population consisted of participants from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand cohort study (n=354); data were collected at baseline (2013) and 5 years later (2018). Genotyping of the two SNPs was performed using TaqMan® assay and statistical analyses were performed with SNPStats software. Results The frequencies of the two SNPs were within the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.22 for AGT rs699 and p=0.06 for AGTR1 rs5186). For each SNP, mutant genotypes were significantly associated with increased systolic BP and/or diastolic BP in the codominant and recessive models. Risk alleles of AGT rs699 and AGTR1 rs5186 were associated with increased odds of hypertension and hypertension with metabolic syndrome at follow-up. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest that polymorphisms of genes in the renin-angiotensin system increase susceptibility to the development and progression of hypertension and the development of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwaphorn Chaimati
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Piyamitr Sritara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jintana Sirivarasai
- Nutrition Division, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Abdelaziz TA, Mohamed RH, Saadawy SF. Association of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genes Polymorphism With In-Sent Restenosis of Bare Metal Stents vs Drug-Eluting Stents in Egyptians. Angiology 2023:33197231219837. [PMID: 38039959 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231219837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite its unequivocal superiority compared with balloon angioplasty, coronary stenting did not abolish restenosis. We aimed to evaluate the associations between a common single nucleotide polymorphism occurring in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes and the risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) of bare metal stents vs drug-eluting stents (BMS vs DES) implanted in Egyptian patients. Two hundred patients who had coronary stenting were divided into group I (n = 98) who received a BMS and group II (n = 102) who received a DES. eNOS and ACE genes polymorphism were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that the GA and AA genotypes of the eNOS gene were associated with the ISR with both BMS and DES. However, the ACE gene was not associated with ISR. We concluded that eNOS gene polymorphism is associated with ISR. Hypertension, stent length, and AA genotype of the eNOS gene were found to be independent predictors of the occurrence of ISR after both BMS and DES use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Abdelaziz
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Randa H Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sara F Saadawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Zambrano AK, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Paz-Cruz E, Ibarra-Rodríguez AA, Doménech N. Genetic diet interactions of ACE: the increased hypertension predisposition in the Latin American population. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1241017. [PMID: 37964928 PMCID: PMC10640988 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1241017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the primary risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is a condition that affects people worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to several factors, such as lack of physical activity, population aging, and unhealthy diets. Notably, this increase has primarily occurred in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Latin America, approximately 40% of adults have been diagnosed with hypertension. Moreover, reports have shown that the Latin American genetic composition is highly diverse, and this genetic background can influence various biological processes, including disease predisposition and treatment effectiveness. Research has shown that Western dietary patterns, which include increased consumption of red meat, refined grains, sugar, and ultra-processed food, have spread across the globe, including Latin America, due to globalization processes. Furthermore, a higher than recommended sodium consumption, which has been associated with hypertension, has been identified across different regions, including Asia, Europe, America, Oceania, and Africa. In conclusion, hypertension is a multifactorial disease involving environmental and genetic factors. In Latin America, hypertension prevalence is increasing due to various factors, including age, the adoption of a "Westernized" diet, and potential genetic predisposition factors involving the ACE gene. Furthermore, identifying the genetic and molecular mechanisms of the disease, its association with diet, and how they interact is essential for the development of personalized treatments to increase its efficacy and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Nieves Doménech
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-CIBERCV, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidad da Coruña (UDC), La Coruña, Spain
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Pelliccia F, Zimarino M, Niccoli G, Morrone D, De Luca G, Miraldi F, De Caterina R. In-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention: emerging knowledge on biological pathways. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2023; 3:oead083. [PMID: 37808526 PMCID: PMC10558044 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has evolved significantly over the past four decades. Since its inception, in-stent restenosis (ISR)-the progressive reduction in vessel lumen diameter after PCI-has emerged as the main complication of the procedure. Although the incidence of ISR has reduced from 30% at 6 months with bare-metal stents to 7% at 4 years with drug-eluting stents (DESs), its occurrence is relevant in absolute terms because of the dimensions of the population treated with PCI. The aim of this review is to summarize the emerging understanding of the biological pathways that underlie ISR. In-stent restenosis is associated with several factors, including patient-related, genetic, anatomic, stent, lesion, and procedural characteristics. Regardless of associated factors, there are common pathophysiological pathways involving molecular phenomena triggered by the mechanical trauma caused by PCI. Such biological pathways are responses to the denudation of the intima during balloon angioplasty and involve inflammation, hypersensitivity reactions, and stem cell mobilization particularly of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The results of these processes are either vessel wall healing or neointimal hyperplasia and/or neo-atherosclerosis. Unravelling the key molecular and signal pathways involved in ISR is crucial to identify appropriate therapeutic strategies aimed at abolishing the 'Achille's heel' of PCI. In this regard, we discuss novel approaches to prevent DES restenosis. Indeed, available evidence suggests that EPC-capturing stents promote rapid stent re-endothelization, which, in turn, has the potential to decrease the risk of stent thrombosis and allow the use of a shorter-duration dual antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pelliccia
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Sapienza, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zimarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Viale Abruzzo, 332, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, “SS. Annunziata Hospital”, ASL 2 Abruzzo, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Department of Cardiology, University of Parma, Piazzale S. Francesco, 3, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Doralisa Morrone
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Sciences, University of Pisa, Lungarno Antonio Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, AOU “Policlinico G. Martino”, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Hospital Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Sapienza, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Sciences, University of Pisa, Lungarno Antonio Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Klashami ZN, Roudbordeh MG, Asadi M, Ebrahimi P, Amoli MM. Association of ACE gene polymorphisms with in-stent restenosis by stent type (biomime, supraflex, xience). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6445-6455. [PMID: 37328581 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin Converting Enzyme or ACE is an exo-peptidase that causes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, vasoconstriction, and aldosterone production. ACE gene polymorphism (I/D) affects enzyme activity and the risk of coronary artery disease or CAD. AIMS To examine the role of ACE (I/D) Gene Polymorphisms by Stent Types (Biomime, Supraflex, Xience) the Ace gene allele and genotype frequencies were determined in patients who underwent angioplasty. MATERIAL & METHODS Patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR+) (N = 53) and patients as non-ISR group (ISR-) (N = 68) have been enrolled in this study based on follow-up angiography > 1 year after PCI. Frequencies of allele and genotypes of the ACE (I/D) variant were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The genotypes and allele frequencies were not significantly different between the studied populations (p-Values > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between people with a history of Clopidogrel use in the ISR- and ISR + groups observed (p-Values > 0.005). CONCLUSION In the present study, there was no statistically significant relationship between ACE (I/D) gene polymorphism and the incidence of restenosis in patients who underwent repeat angiography. The results showed that the number of patients who received Clopidogrel in the ISR + group was significantly less than the ISR- group. This issue can indicate the inhibitory effect of Clopidogrel in the recurrence of stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Nickhah Klashami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mojgan Asadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran, 14114, Iran.
| | - Pirooz Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre (EMRC), Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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Ghaffarzadeh A, Nemati M, Hassan-Nejhad M, Khadem-Vatani K, Baghal-Sadriforoush S, Bagheri M. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene variations with coronary artery disease in the Iranian population. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2023; 19:12-16. [PMID: 38883156 PMCID: PMC11079297 DOI: 10.48305/arya.2022.11869.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (I/D) variations in CAD patients and healthy controls in an Iranian population (West Azerbaijan province of Iran). METHOD This cross-sectional study included 95 CAD patients and 203 healthy controls. ACE I/D polymorphisms were assessed using PCR, and their frequency was determined. RESULTS There were 298 people, 95 CAD patients, and 203 controls, with an average age of 50.96±3.45 and 51.14±10.20. We discovered that the frequency of the D allele was significantly higher in CAD patients than in controls (P = 0.0009). In contrast, the frequency of the I allele was significantly higher in controls than in CAD patients (P = 0.0009). The D allele carriers genotypes (DD + ID) were more frequent in the CAD patients than in the control group (P = 0.008). The ACE II genotype-state carriers were more common in the control group than in CAD patients (P = 0.008). However, in the case of the ACE ID genotype, no significant differences were not found in the tested groups (P = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that individuals with the ACE DD genotype are predisposed to CAD, whereas individuals with the ACE II genotype state are protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Ghaffarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hassan-Nejhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kamal Khadem-Vatani
- Seyyed-al Shohada University Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sahar Baghal-Sadriforoush
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Lv F, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zhou Y. AGTR1rs5186 Polymorphism Is Associated with the Risk of Restenosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9110406. [PMID: 36421941 PMCID: PMC9693694 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Progress has been made in genetic investigations on restenosis for the past 20 years, many studies regarding AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphism and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been published, but the result remains controversial. The study aimed to explore the relationship between rs5186 polymorphism and the risk of restenosis after PCI. Methods: We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases up to December 2021. Two authors individually extracted all useful data of each study involved in this meta-analysis and assessed the study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined in different genetic models for evaluation using a random-effects model or fixed-effect model. Results: There were eventually 8 studies of 1111 cases and 4097 controls eligible for this meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between rs5186 polymorphism and restenosis after PCI.allelic (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17−1.47, p < 0.001), homozygous (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.50−2.44, p < 0.001), heterozygous (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.93−1.29, p = 0.27), recessive (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.37−2.36, p < 0.001), dominant genetic model (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06−1.44, p = 0.006). Subgroup analyses indicated a significant association in Asians. Conclusions: The rs5186 polymorphism in the AGTR1 gene increases the risk of restenosis after PCI in Asians significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215125, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shengzhou People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch, Shengzhou 312400, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Yebao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215125, China
- Correspondence:
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Jiang C, Jiang W. AGTR1, PLTP, and SCG2 associated with immune genes and immune cell infiltration in calcific aortic valve stenosis: analysis from integrated bioinformatics and machine learning. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:3787-3802. [PMID: 35341274 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a crucial cardiovascular disease facing aging societies. Our research attempts to identify immune-related genes through bioinformatics and machine learning analysis. Two machine learning strategies include Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE). In addition, we deeply explore the role of immune cell infiltration in CAVS, aiming to study the potential therapeutic targets of CAVS and explore possible drugs. Methods: Download three data sets related to CAVS from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) looks for potential mechanisms, determines differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) by combining the ImmPort database with CAVS differential genes, and explores the functions and pathways of enrichment. Two machine learning methods, LASSO and SVM-RFE, screen key immune signals and validate them in external data sets. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT analyze the subtypes of immune infiltrating cells and integrate the analysis with DEIRGs and key immune signals. Finally, the possible targeted drugs are analyzed through the Connectivity Map (CMap). Results: GSVA analysis of the gene set suggests that it is highly correlated with multiple immune pathways. 266 differential genes (DEGs) integrate with immune genes to obtain 71 DEIRGs. Enrichment analysis found that DEIRGs are related to oxidative stress, synaptic membrane components, receptor activity, and a variety of cardiovascular diseases and immune pathways. Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1(AGTR1), Phospholipid Transfer Protein (PLTP), Secretogranin II (SCG2) are identified as key immune signals of CAVS by machine learning. Immune infiltration found that B cells naï ve and Macrophages M2 are less in CAVS, while Macrophages M0 is more in CAVS. Simultaneously, AGTR1, PLTP, SCG2 are highly correlated with a variety of immune cell subtypes. CMap analysis found that isoliquiritigenin, parthenolide, and pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate are the top three targeted drugs related to CAVS immunity. Conclusion: The key immune signals, immune infiltration and potential drugs obtained from the research play a vital role in the pathophysiological progress of CAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong 226001, China
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11
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Zhou S, Wang Z, Liu Z, Mu G, Xie Q, Wang Z, Xiang Q, Gong Y, Cui Y. Candidate Gene of NOS3, MMP3, AGT, and AGT1R and Pathway Analyses for Platelet Reactivity and Clinical Outcomes of Repeat Revascularization After First PCI in Chinese Patients. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 37:507-518. [PMID: 34860335 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Major disadvantages of the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are the high occurrence of repeat revascularization due to restenosis and disease progression. The current study aimed to identify indicators that can predict the risk of repeat revascularization. METHODS A total of 143 patients who underwent PCI and had genetic test results were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records after the first PCI. P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) test results were obtained by VerifyNow; 4 candidate genes (NOS3, MMP3, AGT, and AGT1R) and 380 genes related to platelet activation-related processes and clopidogrel activity were selected for analysis. Repeat revascularization and in-stent restenosis (ISR) were used as clinical outcomes, and PRU and ADP aggregation rates were used as platelet function outcomes in analysis. RESULTS After the first PCI, the incidence of repeat revascularization at 18, 30, and 42 months was 14.1% (20/142), 17.5% (24/137), and 39.7% (31/78), respectively. In the candidate gene analysis, rs7830 (NOS3) was associated with both ADP aggregation rate and 18- and 30-month ISR, and rs 62,275,847 (AGTR1) was associated with both ADP aggregation rate and 30-month ISR. In the pathway, gene-set analysis, the linkage rs471683 and rs7785386 of GNAI1|GNAT3 were associated with PRU and ADP aggregation rate, 18-month and 30-month ISR, and repeat revascularization within 30 months. Rs1715389 of GNAI1|GNAT3 was associated with both PRU and ADP aggregation rate, 18-month and 30-month ISR, and repeat revascularization within 30 months. Rs7313458 of ITPR2 was associated with PRU and ADP aggregation rate, 18-month and 30-month ISR, and repeat revascularization within 18 months. CONCLUSIONS The genetic polymorphisms of rs7830 (NOS3), rs62275874 (AGTR1), linkage rs471683 and rs7785386 (GNAI1|GNAT3), rs1715389 (GNAI1|GNAT3), and rs7313458 (ITPR2) may lead to an increased risk of in-stent restenosis and revascularization after the first PCI in Chinese patients by affecting the efficacy of clopidogrel. The above six SNP may be used as potential genetic biomarkers for high risk of in-stent restenosis and revascularization after the first PCI in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Guangyan Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qiufen Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zining Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yanjun Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xi Shi Ku Da Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Haidian District, No.38 of XueYuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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