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Canul-Ku LA, Sanginés-García JR, Urquizo EA, Canul-Solís JR, Valdivieso-Pérez IA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Molina-Botero I, Arango J, Piñeiro-Vázquez ÁT. Effect of Pelagic Sargassum on In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Degradation, Gas Production, and Protozoa Population. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1858. [PMID: 37889796 PMCID: PMC10252004 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, total gas production (TGP), and protozoa population. The treatments were different levels of Sargassum inclusion on a basal substrate (Stargrass hay; Cynodon nlemfuensis) as follows: T0 (control treatment based on Stargrass hay), T10 (90% Stargrass hay + 10% Sargassum), T20 (80% Stargrass hay + 20% Sargassum), and T30 (70% Stargrass hay + 30% Sargassum). Ruminal fermentation kinetics and protozoa population were determined during 72 h of in vitro incubations. Compared to control, dry matter degradability at 48 and 72 h and organic matter degradability at 24 and 48 h were higher in Sargassum treatments. TGP was lower with T20 at 48 h. The total population of protozoa and the concentration of Entodinium spp. were lower at T20 at 48 h and T30 at 72 h. Cl, S, Ca, K, and Zn (103, 5.97, 88.73, 285.70 g/kg, and 15,900 mg/kg) were high in Sargassum, reaching twice or even nine times higher than the contents in Stargrass (11.37, 1.60, 43.53, 87.73 g/kg, and 866.67 mg/kg). Overall, up to 30% pelagic Sargassum could be included in hay-based substrates from tropical grasses without negative effects on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Canul-Ku
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal 97345, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Aguilar Urquizo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal 97345, Mexico
| | | | | | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico R. Aldama Km 1, Chihuahua 31031, Mexico
| | - Isabel Molina-Botero
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali A.A. 6713, Colombia (J.A.)
| | - Jacobo Arango
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali A.A. 6713, Colombia (J.A.)
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Bianchi AR, Vitale E, Guerretti V, Palumbo G, De Clemente IM, Vitale L, Arena C, De Maio A. Antioxidant Characterization of Six Tomato Cultivars and Derived Products Destined for Human Consumption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030761. [PMID: 36979009 PMCID: PMC10045220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fresh tomatoes and processed tomato products is widespread in the Mediterranean diet. This fruit is a valuable source of antioxidants and plays an important role in preventing oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the content of antioxidants and measure the total antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays) in the peel, pulp, and seed fractions of six tomato cultivars. Finally, some bioactive compounds and total antioxidant activity were also determined in homemade tomato purees, since such homemade production is commonplace in Southern Italy. The level of antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity in each fraction were also calculated based on their actual fresh weight in the whole tomato. The overall results indicated that the peel and seeds of all analysed tomato cultivars contribute significantly to the antioxidant charge of the fruits. Consequently, consuming tomatoes without peel and seeds results in a substantial loss of compounds beneficial for human health. Our results also showed that phenolic and lycopene content, as well as antioxidant activities in all purees are higher than in fresh tomatoes. Based on this evidence, producing homemade tomato puree is a good practice, and its consumption helps prevent oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Guerretti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Palumbo
- Department of Economy, Management, Institutions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Isabella Maria De Clemente
- Department of Economy, Management, Institutions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Vitale
- Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy, P. le Enrico Fermi 1, Loc. Porto del Granatello, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB)-Consorzio Interuniversitario, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
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Comparative Fatty Acid Profiling of Edible Fishes in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102456. [PMID: 34681503 PMCID: PMC8535710 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the relative nutritional benefit of edible Malaysian fishes from the coast of Terengganu in Malaysia, as well as to perform a taxonomical characterization and metal assessment. Discrimination between species was carried out by a morphological and molecular approach by evaluating the total concentrations of metals by ICP-MS analyses and the fatty acids (FA) composition using the GC–MS approach on the fish fillet tissues. The taxonomical studies detected fishes of 11 families and 13 species. The heavy metal assessment showed that all detected elements did not exceed the regulatory limit stated by Malaysian Food Regulations. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) ranged from 33 to 58.34%, followed by the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) values from 24 to 51.8%, and the lowest proportion was of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), ranging from 12.7 to 35.9%. The ω-3/ω-6 PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratios were determined in the range 1.1 to 7.4 and 0.35 to 1.6, respectively. The C20:5 ω-3 and C22:6 ω-3 acids were detected at levels comparable to those found in the corresponding species from similar tropical marine ecosystems. The high FA values can be useful biochemical tools for comparing the relative nutritional benefits of these biodiverse and non-toxic edible Malaysian fishes.
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