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Rech J, Żelaszczyk D, Marona H, Gunia-Krzyżak A, Żmudzki P, Bednarek IA. Hyperthermia Intensifies α-Mangostin and Synthetic Xanthones' Antimalignancy Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8874. [PMID: 39201559 PMCID: PMC11354364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to improve naturally occurring xanthones' anticancer properties, chemical synthesis is proposed. In this study, from eight novel xanthone derivatives coupled to morpholine or aminoalkyl morpholine, only the two most active ones were chosen. For additional enhancement of the anticancer activity of our tested compounds, we combined chemotherapy with hyperthermia in the range of 39-41 °C, from which the mild conditions of 39 °C were the most influencing. This approach had a profound impact on the anticancer properties of the tested compounds. TOV-21G and SC-OV-3 ovarian cell line motility and metastasis behavior were tested in native and hyperthermia conditions, indicating decreased wound healing properties and clonogenic activity. Similarly, the expression of genes involved in metastasis was hampered. The expression of heat shock proteins involved in cancer progression (Hsc70, HSP90A, and HSP90B) was significantly influenced by xanthone derivatives. Chemotherapy in mild hyperthermia conditions had also an impact on decreasing mitochondria potential, visualized with JC-1. Synthetic xanthone ring modifications may increase the anticancer activity of the obtained substances. Additional improvement of their activity can be achieved by applying mild hyperthermia conditions. Further development of a combined anticancer therapy approach may result in increasing currently known chemotherapeutics, resulting in a greater recovery rate and diminishment of the cytotoxicity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rech
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Dorota Żelaszczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (D.Ż.); (H.M.); (A.G.-K.)
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (D.Ż.); (H.M.); (A.G.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (D.Ż.); (H.M.); (A.G.-K.)
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ilona Anna Bednarek
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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Barbosa F, Araújo J, Gonçalves VMF, Palmeira A, Cunha A, Silva PMA, Fernandes C, Pinto M, Bousbaa H, Queirós O, Tiritan ME. Evaluation of Antitumor Activity of Xanthones Conjugated with Amino Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2121. [PMID: 38396802 PMCID: PMC10889492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease characterized by several alterations, which confer, to the cells, the capacity to proliferate uncontrollably and to resist cellular death. Multiresistance to conventional chemotherapy drugs is often the cause of treatment failure; thus, the search for natural products or their derivatives with therapeutic action is essential. Chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs) have shown potential inhibitory activity against the growth of some human tumor cell lines. This work reports the screening of a library of CDXs, through viability assays, in different cancer cell lines: A375-C5, MCF-7, NCI-H460, and HCT-15. CDXs' effect was analyzed based on several parameters of cancer cells, and it was also verified if these compounds were substrates of glycoprotein-P (Pgp), one of the main mechanisms of resistance in cancer therapy. Pgp expression was evaluated in all cell lines, but no expression was observed, except for HCT-15. Also, when a humanized yeast expressing the human gene MDR1 was used, no conclusions could be drawn about CDXs as Pgp substrates. The selected CDXs did not induce significant differences in the metabolic parameters analyzed. These results show that some CDXs present promising antitumor activity, but other mechanisms should be triggered by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Barbosa
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (F.B.); (V.M.F.G.); (A.C.); (P.M.A.S.); (H.B.); (O.Q.)
| | - Joana Araújo
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Virgínia M. F. Gonçalves
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (F.B.); (V.M.F.G.); (A.C.); (P.M.A.S.); (H.B.); (O.Q.)
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.P.)
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Andrea Cunha
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (F.B.); (V.M.F.G.); (A.C.); (P.M.A.S.); (H.B.); (O.Q.)
| | - Patrícia M. A. Silva
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (F.B.); (V.M.F.G.); (A.C.); (P.M.A.S.); (H.B.); (O.Q.)
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.P.)
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.P.)
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (F.B.); (V.M.F.G.); (A.C.); (P.M.A.S.); (H.B.); (O.Q.)
| | - Odília Queirós
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (F.B.); (V.M.F.G.); (A.C.); (P.M.A.S.); (H.B.); (O.Q.)
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (F.B.); (V.M.F.G.); (A.C.); (P.M.A.S.); (H.B.); (O.Q.)
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.P.)
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Vieira SF, Araújo J, Gonçalves VMF, Fernandes C, Pinto M, Ferreira H, Neves NM, Tiritan ME. Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of a Library of Chiral Derivatives of Xanthones Conjugated with Proteinogenic Amino Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10357. [PMID: 37373503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the relationship between drug chirality and biological activity has been assuming enormous importance in medicinal chemistry. Particularly, chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs) have interesting biological activities, including enantioselective anti-inflammatory activity. Herein, the synthesis of a library of CDXs is described, by coupling a carboxyxanthone (1) with both enantiomers of proteinogenic amino esters as chiral building blocks (2-31), following the chiral pool strategy. The coupling reactions were performed at room temperature with good yields (from 44 to 99.9%) and very high enantiomeric purity, with most of them presenting an enantiomeric ratio close to 100%. To afford the respective amino acid derivatives (32-61), the ester group of the CDXs was hydrolyzed in mild alkaline conditions. Consequently, in this work, sixty new derivatives of CDXs were synthetized. The cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity in the presence of M1 macrophages were studied for forty-four of the new synthesized CDXs. A significant decrease in the levels of a proinflammatory cytokine targeted in the treatment of several inflammatory diseases, namely interleukin 6 (IL-6), was achieved in the presence of many CDXs. The amino ester of L-tyrosine (X1AELT) was the most effective in reducing IL-6 production (52.2 ± 13.2%) by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, it was ≈1.2 times better than the D-enantiomer. Indeed, enantioselectivity was observed for the majority of the tested compounds. Thus, their evaluation as promising anti-inflammatory drugs should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Vieira
- 3B's Research Group, I3BS-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Araújo
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia M F Gonçalves
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3BS-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3BS-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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