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Silva S, Sousa JC, Nogueira C, Feijo R, Neto FM, Marinho LC, Sousa G, Denninghoff V, Tavora F. Relationship between the expressions of DLL3, ASC1, TTF-1 and Ki-67: First steps of precision medicine at SCLC. Oncotarget 2024; 15:750-763. [PMID: 39392394 PMCID: PMC11468345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents an observational, cross-sectional analysis of 64 patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) at a reference laboratory for thoracic pathology between 2022 and 2024. The primary objective was to evaluate the expression of Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and other neuroendocrine markers such as Chromogranin, and Synaptophysin, utilizing both traditional immunohistochemistry and digital pathology tools. Patients were primarily older adults, with a median age of over 71, and most biopsies were obtained from lung parenchyma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using specific monoclonal antibodies, with DLL3 showing variable expression across the samples. Notably, DLL3 was expressed in 72.3% of the cases, with varied intensities and a semi-quantitative H-score applied for more nuanced analysis. ASCL1 was expressed in 97% of cases, with the majority considered low-expressors. Only 11% had high expression. TTF-1, traditionally not a conventional marker for the diagnosis of SCLC, was positive in half of the cases, suggesting its potential as a biomarker. The study underscores the significant variability in the expression of neuroendocrine markers in SCLC, with implications for both diagnosis and potential therapeutic targeting. DLL3, particularly, shows promise as a therapeutic target due to its high expression rate in the cohort. The use of digital pathology software QuPath enhanced the accuracy and depth of analysis, allowing for detailed morphometric analysis and potentially informing more personalized treatment approaches. The findings emphasize the need for further research into the role of these markers in the management and treatment of SCLC, considering the poor prognosis and high mortality rate observed in the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
- ARGOS Laboratory, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
| | | | - Cleto Nogueira
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
- ARGOS Laboratory, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
| | - Raquel Feijo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
- Messejana Heart and Lung Hospital, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
| | | | - Laura Cardoso Marinho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
- ARGOS Laboratory, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
| | | | - Valeria Denninghoff
- Molecular Oncology Clinical Lab, University of Buenos Aires (UBA)—National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Unit, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), Granada, Spain
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
- ARGOS Laboratory, Fortaleza (Ceará), Brazil
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Zwager MC, Yu S, Buikema HJ, de Bock GH, Ramsing TW, Thagaard J, Koopman T, van der Vegt B. Advancing Ki67 hotspot detection in breast cancer: a comparative analysis of automated digital image analysis algorithms. Histopathology 2024. [PMID: 39104219 DOI: 10.1111/his.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Manual detection and scoring of Ki67 hotspots is difficult and prone to variability, limiting its clinical utility. Automated hotspot detection and scoring by digital image analysis (DIA) could improve the assessment of the Ki67 hotspot proliferation index (PI). This study compared the clinical performance of Ki67 hotspot detection and scoring DIA algorithms based on virtual dual staining (VDS) and deep learning (DL) with manual Ki67 hotspot PI assessment. METHODS Tissue sections of 135 consecutive invasive breast carcinomas were immunohistochemically stained for Ki67. Two DIA algorithms, based on VDS and DL, automatically determined the Ki67 hotspot PI. For manual assessment; two independent observers detected hotspots and calculated scores using a validated scoring protocol. RESULTS Automated hotspot detection and assessment by VDS and DL could be performed in 73% and 100% of the cases, respectively. Automated hotspot detection by VDS and DL led to higher Ki67 hotspot PIs (mean 39.6% and 38.3%, respectively) compared to manual consensus Ki67 PIs (mean 28.8%). Comparing manual consensus Ki67 PIs with VDS Ki67 PIs revealed substantial correlation (r = 0.90), while manual consensus versus DL Ki67 PIs demonstrated high correlation (r = 0.95). CONCLUSION Automated Ki67 hotspot detection and analysis correlated strongly with manual Ki67 assessment and provided higher PIs compared to manual assessment. The DL-based algorithm outperformed the VDS-based algorithm in clinical applicability, because it did not depend on virtual alignment of slides and correlated stronger with manual scores. Use of a DL-based algorithm may allow clearer Ki67 PI cutoff values, thereby improving the clinical usability of Ki67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke C Zwager
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shibo Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Buikema
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Timco Koopman
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pathologie Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Rewcastle E, Skaland I, Gudlaugsson E, Fykse SK, Baak JPA, Janssen EAM. The Ki67 dilemma: investigating prognostic cut-offs and reproducibility for automated Ki67 scoring in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 207:1-12. [PMID: 38797793 PMCID: PMC11231004 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantification of Ki67 in breast cancer is a well-established prognostic and predictive marker, but inter-laboratory variability has hampered its clinical usefulness. This study compares the prognostic value and reproducibility of Ki67 scoring using four automated, digital image analysis (DIA) methods and two manual methods. METHODS The study cohort consisted of 367 patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2004, with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative, lymph node negative breast cancer. Manual scoring of Ki67 was performed using predefined criteria. DIA Ki67 scoring was performed using QuPath and Visiopharm® platforms. Reproducibility was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). ROC curve survival analysis identified optimal cutoff values in addition to recommendations by the International Ki67 Working Group and Norwegian Guidelines. Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test and Cox regression analysis assessed the association between Ki67 scoring and distant metastasis (DM) free survival. RESULTS The manual hotspot and global scoring methods showed good agreement when compared to their counterpart DIA methods (ICC > 0.780), and good to excellent agreement between different DIA hotspot scoring platforms (ICC 0.781-0.906). Different Ki67 cutoffs demonstrate significant DM-free survival (p < 0.05). DIA scoring had greater prognostic value for DM-free survival using a 14% cutoff (HR 3.054-4.077) than manual scoring (HR 2.012-2.056). The use of a single cutoff for all scoring methods affected the distribution of prediction outcomes (e.g. false positives and negatives). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that DIA scoring of Ki67 is superior to manual methods, but further study is required to standardize automated, DIA scoring and definition of a clinical cut-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rewcastle
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Ivar Skaland
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Einar Gudlaugsson
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Silja Kavlie Fykse
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan P A Baak
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Emiel A M Janssen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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4
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Wang Y, Sun W, Karlsson E, Kang Lövgren S, Ács B, Rantalainen M, Robertson S, Hartman J. Clinical evaluation of deep learning-based risk profiling in breast cancer histopathology and comparison to an established multigene assay. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 206:163-175. [PMID: 38592541 PMCID: PMC11182789 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the Stratipath Breast tool for image-based risk profiling and compare it with an established prognostic multigene assay for risk profiling in a real-world case series of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer patients categorized as intermediate risk based on classic clinicopathological variables and eligible for chemotherapy. METHODS In a case series comprising 234 invasive ER-positive/HER2-negative tumors, clinicopathological data including Prosigna results and corresponding HE-stained tissue slides were retrieved. The digitized HE slides were analysed by Stratipath Breast. RESULTS Our findings showed that the Stratipath Breast analysis identified 49.6% of the clinically intermediate tumors as low risk and 50.4% as high risk. The Prosigna assay classified 32.5%, 47.0% and 20.5% tumors as low, intermediate and high risk, respectively. Among Prosigna intermediate-risk tumors, 47.3% were stratified as Stratipath low risk and 52.7% as high risk. In addition, 89.7% of Stratipath low-risk cases were classified as Prosigna low/intermediate risk. The overall agreement between the two tests for low-risk and high-risk groups (N = 124) was 71.0%, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.42. For both risk profiling tests, grade and Ki67 differed significantly between risk groups. CONCLUSION The results from this clinical evaluation of image-based risk stratification shows a considerable agreement to an established gene expression assay in routine breast pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxi Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stratipath AB, Nanna Svartz väg 4, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Karlsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandy Kang Lövgren
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stratipath AB, Nanna Svartz väg 4, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Balázs Ács
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Rantalainen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Robertson
- Stratipath AB, Nanna Svartz väg 4, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ivanova M, Pescia C, Trapani D, Venetis K, Frascarelli C, Mane E, Cursano G, Sajjadi E, Scatena C, Cerbelli B, d’Amati G, Porta FM, Guerini-Rocco E, Criscitiello C, Curigliano G, Fusco N. Early Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: Integrating Histopathology with Artificial Intelligence. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1981. [PMID: 38893102 PMCID: PMC11171409 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective risk assessment in early breast cancer is essential for informed clinical decision-making, yet consensus on defining risk categories remains challenging. This paper explores evolving approaches in risk stratification, encompassing histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biomarkers alongside cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Leveraging machine learning, deep learning, and convolutional neural networks, AI is reshaping predictive algorithms for recurrence risk, thereby revolutionizing diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning. Beyond detection, AI applications extend to histological subtyping, grading, lymph node assessment, and molecular feature identification, fostering personalized therapy decisions. With rising cancer rates, it is crucial to implement AI to accelerate breakthroughs in clinical practice, benefiting both patients and healthcare providers. However, it is important to recognize that while AI offers powerful automation and analysis tools, it lacks the nuanced understanding, clinical context, and ethical considerations inherent to human pathologists in patient care. Hence, the successful integration of AI into clinical practice demands collaborative efforts between medical experts and computational pathologists to optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Carlo Pescia
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (C.C.); (G.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Chiara Frascarelli
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Eltjona Mane
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Giulia Cursano
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Scatena
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia d’Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Maria Porta
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (C.C.); (G.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.T.); (C.C.); (G.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.I.); (C.P.); (K.V.); (C.F.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (F.M.P.); (E.G.-R.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Zehra T, Jaffar N, Shams M, Chundriger Q, Ahmed A, Anum F, Alsubaie N, Ahmad Z. Use of a Novel Deep Learning Open-Source Model for Quantification of Ki-67 in Breast Cancer Patients in Pakistan: A Comparative Study between the Manual and Automated Methods. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3105. [PMID: 37835848 PMCID: PMC10572449 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women; its early detection plays a crucial role in improving patient outcomes. Ki-67 is a biomarker commonly used for evaluating the proliferation of cancer cells in breast cancer patients. The quantification of Ki-67 has traditionally been performed by pathologists through a manual examination of tissue samples, which can be time-consuming and subject to inter- and intra-observer variability. In this study, we used a novel deep learning model to quantify Ki-67 in breast cancer in digital images prepared by a microscope-attached camera. Objective: To compare the automated detection of Ki-67 with the manual eyeball/hotspot method. Place and duration of study: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jinnah Sindh Medical University. Glass slides of diagnosed cases of breast cancer were obtained from the Aga Khan University Hospital after receiving ethical approval. The duration of the study was one month. Methodology: We prepared 140 digital images stained with the Ki-67 antibody using a microscope-attached camera at 10×. An expert pathologist (P1) evaluated the Ki-67 index of the hotspot fields using the eyeball method. The images were uploaded to the DeepLiif software to detect the exact percentage of Ki-67 positive cells. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was also calculated by other pathologists (P2, P3) and by AI using a Ki-67 cut-off score of 20 and taking P1 as the gold standard. Results: The manual and automated scoring methods showed a strong positive correlation as the kappa coefficient was significant. The p value was <0.001. The highest diagnostic accuracy, i.e., 95%, taking P1 as gold standard, was found for AI, compared to pathologists P2 and P3. Conclusions: Use of quantification-based deep learning models can make the work of pathologists easier and more reproducible. Our study is one of the earliest studies in this field. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed in future to develop a cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Zehra
- Department of Pathology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75001, Pakistan; (T.Z.); (N.J.)
| | - Nazish Jaffar
- Department of Pathology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75001, Pakistan; (T.Z.); (N.J.)
| | - Mahin Shams
- Department of Pathology, United Medical and Dental College, Karachi 71500, Pakistan;
| | - Qurratulain Chundriger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Section of Histopathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 3500, Pakistan; (Q.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Arsalan Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Section of Histopathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 3500, Pakistan; (Q.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Fariha Anum
- Research Department, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75600, Pakistan;
| | - Najah Alsubaie
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Consultant Histopathologist, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Seeb P.O. Box 556, Oman;
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7
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Li W, Lu N, Chen C, Lu X. Identifying the optimal cutoff point of Ki-67 in breast cancer: a single-center experience. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231195468. [PMID: 37652458 PMCID: PMC10478558 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231195468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ki-67 is associated with breast cancer subtypes, but the optimal cutoff point of Ki-67 has not been established in our center. We evaluated the cutoff point of Ki-67 in breast cancer and analyzed the associations among Ki-67, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. METHODS The clinicopathological data and prognostic information of patients with breast cancer treated in our center were retrospectively collected, and the optimal cutoff point of Ki-67 was determined by univariate and multivariate survival risk analyses. The cutoff point was used to group the patients, and the differences in the clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed between the two groups. RESULTS In total, 609 patients with estrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative primary breast cancer were enrolled. The mean Ki-67 value was 22.3% ± 15.4%, the median was 20%, and a cutoff point of 30% was an independent factor influencing recurrence-free survival. When 30% was used as the cutoff point, patients with a Ki-67 value of ≤30% had a better prognosis and lower tumor malignancy. CONCLUSION The optimal cutoff point of Ki-67 in breast cancer in our center is 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- School of Graduate, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University (the First Hospital of Jiaxing), Jiaxing, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University (the First Hospital of Jiaxing), Jiaxing, China
| | - Caiping Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University (the First Hospital of Jiaxing), Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- School of Graduate, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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8
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Louis DM, Vijaykumar DK, Nair LM, Narmadha MP, Vallonthaiel AG, Yesodharan J, Bhaskaran R. Fall in Ki67 Index After Short-Term Preoperative Letrozole: a Gateway to Assess the Response in Hormone-Positive Early Breast Cancers. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:208-214. [PMID: 36891439 PMCID: PMC9986176 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine treatment for breast cancer acts largely by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. The study aimed to explore the fall in proliferative marker Ki67 in patients receiving preoperative endocrine therapy and the factors associated with it. A prospective series of hormone receptor-positive postmenopausal women with early N0/N1 breast cancer were enrolled. Patients were requested to take letrozole OD while they await surgery. The fall in Ki67 after the endocrine therapy was defined as the percentage of the difference between the pre-and postoperative Ki67 value with the preoperative Ki67. Sixty cases matched the criteria of which 41 (68.3%) of women showed a good response to preoperative letrozole (fall in Ki67 > 50%; p-value < 0.001). The average mean fall in Ki67 was 57.083 ± 37.97. Postoperative Ki67 after the therapy was less than 10% in 39 (65%) patients. Ten patients (16.6%) had a low Ki67 index at baseline, which continued to remain low after preoperative endocrine therapy. The duration of the therapy did not affect the percentage of Ki67 fall in our study. Short-term changes in the Ki67 index in the neoadjuvant settings may predict outcomes during adjuvant use of the same treatment. Proliferation index on residual tumor holds prognostic importance, and our results reflect that greater attention should be given to the percentage of reduction of Ki67, rather than focusing purely on a fixed value. This could help predict patients who respond well to endocrine therapy, while those who respond poorly may require further adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Mary Louis
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | | | - Lakshmi Malavika Nair
- Department of Breast Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - M. P. Narmadha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - Archana George Vallonthaiel
- Department of Pathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - Jyotsna Yesodharan
- Department of Pathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - Renjitha Bhaskaran
- Department of Biostatistics, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
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9
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Finkelman BS, Zhang H, Hicks DG, Turner BM. The Evolution of Ki-67 and Breast Carcinoma: Past Observations, Present Directions, and Future Considerations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:808. [PMID: 36765765 PMCID: PMC9913317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1983 discovery of a mouse monoclonal antibody-the Ki-67 antibody-that recognized a nuclear antigen present only in proliferating cells represented a seminal discovery for the pathologic assessment of cellular proliferation in breast cancer and other solid tumors. Cellular proliferation is a central determinant of prognosis and response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer, and since the discovery of the Ki-67 antibody, Ki-67 has evolved as an important biomarker with both prognostic and predictive potential in breast cancer. Although there is universal recognition among the international guideline recommendations of the value of Ki-67 in breast cancer, recommendations for the actual use of Ki-67 assays in the prognostic and predictive evaluation of breast cancer remain mixed, primarily due to the lack of assay standardization and inconsistent inter-observer and inter-laboratory reproducibility. The treatment of high-risk ER-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) negative breast cancer with the recently FDA-approved drug abemaciclib relies on a quantitative assessment of Ki-67 expression in the treatment decision algorithm. This further reinforces the urgent need for standardization of Ki-67 antibody selection and staining interpretation, which will hopefully lead to multidisciplinary consensus on the use of Ki-67 as a prognostic and predictive marker in breast cancer. The goals of this review are to highlight the historical evolution of Ki-67 in breast cancer, summarize the present literature on Ki-67 in breast cancer, and discuss the evolving literature on the use of Ki-67 as a companion diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer, with consideration for the necessary changes required across pathology practices to help increase the reliability and widespread adoption of Ki-67 as a prognostic and predictive marker for breast cancer in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bradley M. Turner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14620, USA
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Catteau X, Zindy E, Bouri S, Noël JC, Salmon I, Decaestecker C. Comparison Between Manual and Automated Assessment of Ki-67 in Breast Carcinoma: Test of a Simple Method in Daily Practice. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231169603. [PMID: 37559526 PMCID: PMC10416654 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231169603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era of "precision medicine," the availability of high-quality tumor biomarker tests is critical and tumor proliferation evaluated by Ki-67 antibody is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. But the evaluation of Ki-67 index has been shown to suffer from some interobserver variability. The goal of the study is to develop an easy, automated, and reliable Ki-67 assessment approach for invasive breast carcinoma in routine practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 151 biopsies of invasive breast carcinoma were analyzed. The Ki-67 index was evaluated by 2 pathologists with MIB-1 antibody as a global tumor index and also in a hotspot. These 2 areas were also analyzed by digital image analysis (DIA). RESULTS For Ki-67 index assessment, in the global and hotspot tumor area, the concordances were very good between DIA and pathologists when DIA focused on the annotations made by pathologist (0.73 and 0.83, respectively). However, this was definitely not the case when DIA was not constrained within the pathologist's annotations and automatically established its global or hotspot area in the whole tissue sample (concordance correlation coefficients between 0.28 and 0.58). CONCLUSIONS The DIA technique demonstrated a meaningful concordance with the indices evaluated by pathologists when the tumor area is previously identified by a pathologist. In contrast, basing Ki-67 assessment on automatic tissue detection was not satisfactory and provided bad concordance results. A representative tumoral zone must therefore be manually selected prior to the measurement made by the DIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Catteau
- Department of Pathology, Erasme's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Curepath laboratory, CHU Tivoli and CHIREC institute, Jumet, Belgium
| | - Egor Zindy
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis (LISA), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Digital Pathology Platform of the CMMI (DIAPath), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sarah Bouri
- Department of Pathology, Erasme's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Curepath laboratory, CHU Tivoli and CHIREC institute, Jumet, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Noël
- Department of Pathology, Erasme's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Curepath laboratory, CHU Tivoli and CHIREC institute, Jumet, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Digital Pathology Platform of the CMMI (DIAPath), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Christine Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis (LISA), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Digital Pathology Platform of the CMMI (DIAPath), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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Cho WC. Digital Pathology: New Initiative in Pathology. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091314. [PMID: 36139153 PMCID: PMC9496471 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Fan S, Xie X, Shen Y, Wang W, Gu X, Yao Z. The predictive value of preoperative serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and tumor markers for early breast cancer patients: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30011. [PMID: 35960055 PMCID: PMC9371529 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) could be used as prognostic indicators for several types of tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of inflammatory cell ratio and tumor markers for postoperative breast cancer patients. Clinical data concerning 190 breast cancer patients who underwent radical surgery in Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from 2013 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The effects of NLR, CEA, CA125, and CA153 on the disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with breast cancer were analyzed by χ2 test and Cox regression analyses. There were totally 32 of 190 patients had local or distant metastases within 5 years after surgery. The peripheral blood NLR, CEA, CA125, and CA15-3 areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.8272, 0.667, 0.702, and 0.715, and the optimal cutoff values were 2.65, 1.47, 10.55, and 10.55, respectively. Univariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the serum NLR, CEA, CA125, and CA15-3 were related to postoperative 5-year DFS (P < .05). In addition, multivariate survival analysis identified the following independent prognostic factors: NLR (P < .001), CA125 (P = .045) and ki-67 (P = .020). Preoperative serum inflammatory biomarker of NLR and tumor marker of CA125 have potential prognostic value for breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xidong Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyuan Yao, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 9 Ninth Avenue, Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China (e-mail: )
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Distinct clinicopathological and genomic features in solid and basaloid adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8504. [PMID: 35590093 PMCID: PMC9120443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12583-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) of the breast is a rare indolent carcinoma of salivary gland-type tumors, frequently associated with MYB genetic alteration. Solid and basaloid adenoid cystic carcinoma (SB-AdCC) is considered a sparse variant of AdCC. This study sought to search for clinicopathological and genomic features in SB-AdCC. Registered clinicopathological data on a cohort of 13 AdCC of the breast cases, including six conventional adenoid cystic carcinoma (C-AdCC) cases and seven SB-AdCC cases, were collected. MYB gene rearrangement via fluorescent in situ hybridization was investigated and MYB protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Compared with C-AdCC, we found that the distribution of SB-AdCC cases were shifted to older age and were more frequently distant metastasis. Moreover, metastasis cases also showed a high (exceed 30%) Ki-67 index. Both groups showed MYB rearrangements and MYB protein expression, but they were less frequent in SB-AdCC than C-AdCC. To conclude, our results suggest that SB-AdCC is an aggressive variant of mammary AdCC with a higher incidence of distant metastases compared with C-AdCC, though they share common molecular features. A high Ki-67 index may be an adverse prognostic factor for metastasis.
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