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Wang L, Hu J. Unraveling the gut microbiota's role in salt-sensitive hypertension: current evidences and future directions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1410623. [PMID: 39091359 PMCID: PMC11291451 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1410623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in both maintaining human health and in the pathogenesis of diseases. Recent studies have brought to light the significant correlation between gut microbiota and hypertension, particularly focusing on its role in the development and advancement of SSH, a subtype characterized by elevated blood pressure in response to high salt consumption. The complexity of SSH's etiology is notable, with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome identified as a crucial contributing factor. The gut microbiota participates in the occurrence and development of SSH by affecting the host's immune system, metabolic function, and neuromodulation. Investigations have demonstrated that the gut microbes regulate the development of SSH by regulating the TH17 axis and the activity of immune cells. Moreover, microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, are implicated in blood pressure regulation and affect the development of SSH. There is evidence to show that the composition of the gut microbiome can be altered through prebiotic interventions so as to prevent and treat SSH. This review aims to concisely sum up the role of gut microbiota in SSH and to discuss pertinent therapeutic strategies and clinical implications, thereby providing a valuable reference for further research and clinical practice in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Public Health School, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihong Hu
- Teaching Experiment and Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Martínez-Díaz P, Parra A, Sanchez-López CM, Casas J, Lucas X, Marcilla A, Roca J, Barranco I. Small and Large Extracellular Vesicles of Porcine Seminal Plasma Differ in Lipid Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7492. [PMID: 39000599 PMCID: PMC11242203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma contains a heterogeneous population of extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to characterize the lipidomic profile of two subsets of differently sized sEVs, small (S-) and large (L-), isolated from porcine seminal plasma by size-exclusion chromatography and characterized by an orthogonal approach. High-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for lipidomic analysis. A total of 157 lipid species from 14 lipid classes of 4 major categories (sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sterols) were identified. Qualitative differences were limited to two cholesteryl ester species present only in S-sEVs. L-sEVs had higher levels of all quantified lipid classes due to their larger membrane surface area. The distribution pattern was different, especially for sphingomyelins (more in S-sEVs) and ceramides (more in L-sEVs). In conclusion, this study reveals differences in the lipidomic profile of two subsets of porcine sEVs, suggesting that they differ in biogenesis and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Parra
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Christian M Sanchez-López
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Institute for Advanced Chemistry (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiomara Lucas
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Barranco
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Schramm WC, Bala N, Arekar T, Malik Z, Chacko KM, Lewis RL, Denslow ND, Scindia Y, Alli AA. Enrichment of Bioactive Lipids in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles and Evidence of Apoptosis in Kidneys of Hypertensive Diabetic Cathepsin B Knockout Mice after Streptozotocin Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1038. [PMID: 38791000 PMCID: PMC11117475 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CtsB) is a ubiquitously expressed cysteine protease that plays important roles in health and disease. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are released from cells associated with urinary organs. The antibiotic streptozotocin (STZ) is known to induce pancreatic islet beta cell destruction, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertension. We hypothesized that streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease and hypertension result in the release of bioactive lipids from kidney cells that induce oxidative stress and renal cell death. Lipidomics was performed on uEVs isolated from CtsB knockout mice treated with or without STZ, and their kidneys were used to investigate changes in proteins associated with cell death. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) (18:1), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) (22:6), and lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) (22:5) were among the bioactive lipids enriched in uEVs from CtsB knockout mice treated with STZ compared to untreated CtsB mice (n = 3 uEV preparations per group). Anti-oxidant programming was activated in the kidneys of the CtsB knockout mice treated with STZ, as indicated by increased expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and the cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (XCT) (n = 4 mice per group), which was supported by a higher reactivity to 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a marker for oxidative stress (n = 3 mice per group). Apoptosis but not ferroptosis was the ongoing form of cell death in these kidneys as cleaved caspase-3 levels were significantly elevated in the STZ-treated CtsB knockout mice (n = 4 mice per group). There were no appreciable differences in the pro-ferroptosis enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) or the inflammatory marker CD93 in the kidneys (n = 3 mice per group), which further supports apoptosis as the prevalent mechanism of pathology. These data suggest that STZ treatment leads to oxidative stress, inducing apoptotic injury in the kidneys during the development of diabetic kidney disease and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney C. Schramm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (W.C.S.); (N.B.); (T.A.); (Z.M.); (K.M.C.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Niharika Bala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (W.C.S.); (N.B.); (T.A.); (Z.M.); (K.M.C.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tanmay Arekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (W.C.S.); (N.B.); (T.A.); (Z.M.); (K.M.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zeeshan Malik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (W.C.S.); (N.B.); (T.A.); (Z.M.); (K.M.C.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin M. Chacko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (W.C.S.); (N.B.); (T.A.); (Z.M.); (K.M.C.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Russell L. Lewis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (R.L.L.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (R.L.L.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (W.C.S.); (N.B.); (T.A.); (Z.M.); (K.M.C.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (W.C.S.); (N.B.); (T.A.); (Z.M.); (K.M.C.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Ai L, Li R, Wang X, Liu Z, Li Y. Tempol alleviates acute lung injury by affecting glutathione synthesis through Nrf2 and inhibiting ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23674. [PMID: 38454815 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
As a life-threatening disease, acute lung injury (ALI) may progress to chronic pulmonary fibrosis. For the treatment of lung injury, Tempol is a superoxide dismutase mimetic and intracellular redox agent that can be a potential drug. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of Tempol in the treatment of ALI. A mouse model of ALI was established, and HE staining was used to examine histomorphology. The CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability, and oxidative stress was assessed by corresponding kits. Flow cytometry and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining assays were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Protein expression levels were measured by Western blot analysis and ELISA. Pulmonary vascular permeability was used to measure the lung wet/dry weight ratio. The level of oxidative stress was increased in ALI mice, and the level of ferroptosis was upregulated. Tempol inhibited this effect and alleviated ALI. The administration of Tempol alleviated the pathological changes in ALI, inhibited pulmonary vascular permeability, and improved lung injury in ALI mice. The upregulation of genes essential for glutathione (GSH) metabolism induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was inhibited by Tempol. In addition, nuclear factor-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is activated by Tempol therapy to regulate the de novo synthesis pathway of GSH, thereby alleviating LPS-induced lung epithelial cell damage. The results showed that Tempol alleviated ALI by activating the Nrf2 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Tempol alleviates ALI by inhibiting ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells through the effect of Nrf2 on GSH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhijuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongxia Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Dogan YE, Bala N, Chacko KM, Tuna KM, Alli AA. Tempol treatment normalizes membrane expression of epithelial transport proteins in the kidney of salt-loaded hypertensive diabetic db/db mice. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:6690-6700. [PMID: 38186979 PMCID: PMC10767517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension exacerbates the progression and severity of diabetic kidney disease. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that tempol acts at multiple segments of the nephron to normalize the abundance of sodium coupled epithelial transport proteins in the luminal plasma membrane to mitigate high blood pressure in salt-loaded hypertensive diabetic db/db mice. METHODS Soluble and membrane fractions from freshly homogenized kidney cortex tissue samples were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and probed for specific proteins by Western blotting. Western blotting for specific urinary extracellular vesicle (uEV) markers and nanoparticle tracking analysis was performed to characterize each uEV preparation from each group. A one-way ANOVA was performed to determine statistical significance between three groups (hypertensive diabetic db/db mice treated with vehicle, hypertensive diabetic db/db mice treated with tempol, and wild-type mice). RESULTS Tempol treatment reduced systolic blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic db/db mice compared to db/db mice that received vehicle. We observed attenuated membrane protein expression of the sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3), sodium potassium chloride co-transporter (NKCC2), sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC), and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidney of salt-loaded hypertensive diabetic db/db mice infused with tempol by osmotic minipump for 5 days compared to hypertensive diabetic db/db mice infused with vehicle. Also, the infusion of tempol in hypertensive diabetic db/db mice reduced the augmented protein expression of protein kinase c (PKC) epsilon observed in the vehicle treated hypertensive diabetic db/db kidney when compared to the healthy wild-type kidney. The amount of uEV and their size profiles were comparable between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that tempol down-regulates epithelial transport mechanisms in each segment of the nephron and normalizes salt-induced high blood pressure in diabetic animals presumably in a PKC dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus E Dogan
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes UniversityKayseri, Turkey
| | - Niharika Bala
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
| | - Kevin M Chacko
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
| | - Kubra M Tuna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
| | - Abdel A Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
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Kawakibi T, Bala N, Liu LP, Searcy LA, Denslow ND, Alli AA. Decreased MARCKS Protein Expression in Kidney Cortex Membrane Fractions of Cathepsin B Knockout Mice Is Associated with Reduced Lysophosphatidylcholine and Protein Kinase C Activity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1489. [PMID: 37239160 PMCID: PMC10216610 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathpesin B is a multi-functional protease that plays numerous roles in physiology and pathophysiology. We hypothesized that actin cytoskeleton proteins that are substrates of cathepsin B, various lipids, and kinases that are regulated by lipids would be down-regulated in the kidney of cathepsin B knockout mice. Here, we show by Western blot and densitometric analysis that the expression and proteolysis of the actin cytoskeleton proteins myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and spectrin are significantly reduced in kidney cortex membrane fractions of cathepsin B knockout mice compared to C57B6 wild-type control mice. Lipidomic results show that specific lipids are increased while other lipids, including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species LPC (16:0), LPC (18:0), LPC (18:1), and LPC (18:2), are significantly decreased in membrane fractions of the kidney cortex from Cathepsin B null mice. Protein Kinase C (PKC) activity is significantly lower in the kidney cortex of cathepsin B knockout mice compared to wild-type mice, while calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity and phospholipase D (PLD) activity are comparable between the two groups. Together, these results provide the first evidence of altered actin cytoskeleton organization, membrane lipid composition, and PKC activity in the kidneys of mice lacking cathepsin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Kawakibi
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Niharika Bala
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren P. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Louis A. Searcy
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Lemmens-Gruber R, Tzotzos S. The Epithelial Sodium Channel-An Underestimated Drug Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097775. [PMID: 37175488 PMCID: PMC10178586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are part of a complex network of interacting biochemical pathways and as such are involved in several disease states. Dependent on site and type of mutation, gain- or loss-of-function generated symptoms occur which span from asymptomatic to life-threatening disorders such as Liddle syndrome, cystic fibrosis or generalized pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. Variants of ENaC which are implicated in disease assist further understanding of their molecular mechanisms in order to create models for specific pharmacological targeting. Identification and characterization of ENaC modifiers not only furthers our basic understanding of how these regulatory processes interact, but also enables discovery of new therapeutic targets for the disease conditions caused by ENaC dysfunction. Numerous test compounds have revealed encouraging results in vitro and in animal models but less in clinical settings. The EMA- and FDA-designated orphan drug solnatide is currently being tested in phase 2 clinical trials in the setting of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the NOX1/ NOX4 inhibitor setanaxib is undergoing clinical phase 2 and 3 trials for therapy of primary biliary cholangitis, liver stiffness, and carcinoma. The established ENaC blocker amiloride is mainly used as an add-on drug in the therapy of resistant hypertension and is being studied in ongoing clinical phase 3 and 4 trials for special applications. This review focuses on discussing some recent developments in the search for novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lemmens-Gruber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Scindia YM, Gholam MF, Waleed A, Liu LP, Chacko KM, Desai D, Lopez JP, Malik Z, Schramm WC, Morales AG, Carson-Marino M, Alli AA. Metformin Alleviates Diabetes-Associated Hypertension by Attenuating the Renal Epithelial Sodium Channel. Biomedicines 2023; 11:305. [PMID: 36830842 PMCID: PMC9953274 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the primary cause of morbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. New data indicate that hypertension, a common comorbidity in T2DM, can worsen outcomes of diabetic nephropathy. While metformin is a commonly prescribed drug for treating type 2 diabetes, its blood pressure regulating ability is not well documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin on normalizing blood pressure in salt-loaded hypertensive diabetic db/db mice. Sixteen-week-old male and female diabetic db/db mice were individually placed in metabolic cages and then randomized to a control vehicle (saline) or metformin treatment group. We evaluated the blood pressure reducing ability of metformin in salt-induced hypertension and progression of nephropathy in db/db mice. We observed that metformin- normalized systolic blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic mice. Mechanistically, metformin treatment reduced renal cathepsin B expression. Low cathepsin B expression was associated with reduced expression and activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), sodium retention, and thus control of hypertension. In addition, we identified that urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the diabetic mice are enriched in cathepsin B. Compared to treatment with urinary EVs of vehicle-treated hypertensive diabetic mice, the amiloride-sensitive transepithelial current was significantly attenuated upon exposure of renal collecting duct cells to urinary EVs isolated from metformin-treated db/db mice or cathepsin B knockout mice. Collectively, our study identifies a novel blood pressure reducing role of metformin in diabetic nephropathy by regulating the cathepsin B-ENaC axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M. Scindia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mohammed F. Gholam
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alina Waleed
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren P. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin M. Chacko
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dhruv Desai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Juliana Pena Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zeeshan Malik
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Whitney C. Schramm
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Angelica G. Morales
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Morgan Carson-Marino
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Dapagliflozin Treatment Augments Bioactive Phosphatidylethanolamine Concentrations in Kidney Cortex Membrane Fractions of Hypertensive Diabetic db/db Mice and Alters the Density of Lipid Rafts in Mouse Proximal Tubule Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021408. [PMID: 36674924 PMCID: PMC9865226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption and allowing for glucose excretion, the sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin may be efficacious in treating various comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The molecular mechanisms by which dapagliflozin exerts its beneficial effects are largely unknown. We hypothesized dapagliflozin treatment in the diabetic kidney alters plasma membrane lipid composition, suppresses extracellular vesicle (EV) release from kidney cells, and disrupts lipid rafts in proximal tubule cells. In order to test this hypothesis, we treated diabetic db/db mice with dapagliflozin (N = 8) or vehicle (N = 8) and performed mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to investigate changes in the concentrations of membrane lipids in the kidney cortex. In addition, we isolated urinary EVs (uEVs) from urine samples collected during the active phase and the inactive phase of the mice and then probed for changes in membrane proteins enriched in the EVs. Multiple triacylglycerols (TAGs) were enriched in the kidney cortex membrane fractions of vehicle-treated diabetic db/db mice, while the levels of multiple phosphatidylethanolamines were significantly higher in similar mice treated with dapagliflozin. EV concentration and size were lesser in the urine samples collected during the inactive phase of dapagliflozin-treated diabetic mice. In cultured mouse proximal tubule cells treated with dapagliflozin, the lipid raft protein caveolin-1 shifted from less dense fractions to more dense sucrose density gradient fractions. Taken together, these results suggest dapagliflozin may regulate lipid-mediated signal transduction in the diabetic kidney.
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Lugo CI, Liu LP, Bala N, Morales AG, Gholam MF, Abchee JC, Elmoujahid N, Elshikha AS, Avdiaj R, Searcy LA, Denslow ND, Song S, Alli AA. Human Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Attenuates ENaC and MARCKS and Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Diabetic db/db Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 13:66. [PMID: 36671451 PMCID: PMC9856210 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension may develop before or after the onset of diabetes and it is known to increase the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a multi-functional protein with beneficial effects in various diseases but its role in reducing blood pressure in the diabetic kidney has not been thoroughly studied. Like blood pressure, epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) and its adaptor protein myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) are regulated by circadian rhythms. Our hypothesis is that administration of human AAT (hAAT) reduces blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic mice by attenuating membrane expression of ENaC and its association with the actin cytoskeleton. First, we show hAAT administration results in reduced blood pressure in diabetic db/db mice compared to vehicle treatment in both the inactive and active cycles. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses showed a reduction of ENaC and the actin cytoskeleton protein, MARCKS in the kidneys of diabetic db/db mice treated with hAAT compared to vehicle. hAAT treatment resulted in elevated amounts of extracellular vesicles present in the urine of diabetic db/db mice compared to vehicle treatment both in the inactive and active cycles. Multiple hexosylceramides, among other lipid classes increased in urinary EVs released from hAAT treated hypertensive diabetic mice compared to vehicle treated mice. Taken together, these data suggest hAAT treatment could normalize blood pressure in the diabetic kidney in a mechanism involving attenuation of renal ENaC and MARCKS protein expression and possibly ceramide metabolism to hexosylceramide in kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos I. Lugo
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren P. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Niharika Bala
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Angelica G. Morales
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mohammed F. Gholam
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julia C. Abchee
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nasseem Elmoujahid
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ahmed Samir Elshikha
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rigena Avdiaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Louis A. Searcy
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sihong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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11
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Wu Y, Chen W, Guo M, Tan Q, Zhou E, Deng J, Li M, Chen J, Yang Z, Jin Y. Metabolomics of Extracellular Vesicles: A Future Promise of Multiple Clinical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6113-6129. [PMID: 36514377 PMCID: PMC9741837 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s390378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can contain DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolic molecules from primary origins; they are coated with a phospholipid bilayer membrane and released by cells into the extracellular matrix. EVs can be obtained from various body liquids, including the blood, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. As has been proved, EVs-mediated transfer of biologically active molecules is crucial for various physiological and pathological processes. Extensive investigations have already begun to explore the diagnosis and prognosis potentials for EVs. Furthermore, research has continued to recognize the critical role of nucleic acids and proteins in EVs. However, our understanding of the comprehensive effects of metabolites in these nanoparticles is currently limited and in its infancy. Therefore, we have attempted to summarize the recent research into the metabolomics of EVs in relation to potential clinical applications and discuss the problems and challenges that have occurred, to provide more guidance for the future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaLi Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - WenJuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minglei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangbin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimo Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases in Hubei Province, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yang Jin, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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12
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Lopez JP, Nouri MZ, Ebrahim A, Chacko KM, Schramm WC, Gholam MF, Ozrazgat-Baslanti T, Denslow ND, Alli AA. Lipid Profiles of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Released during the Inactive and Active Phases of Aged Male Mice with Spontaneous Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315397. [PMID: 36499728 PMCID: PMC9739303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains a major problem, especially in the elderly, as it increases the risk for cardiovascular, coronary artery, cerebrovascular, and kidney diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in the aging process and contribute to pathophysiology. Our goal was to examine differences in lipid profiles of urinary EVs (uEVs) collected during the inactive and active phases of aged mice and investigate whether these EVs regulate the density of lipid rafts in mouse cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) principal cells. Here, we demonstrate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibitor benzyl amiloride reduced systolic blood pressure in aged male mice during the inactive and active phases. Lipidomics data demonstrate differential enrichment of lipids between the two groups. For example, there are more phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens, particularly in the form of alkyl phosphatidylethanolamines, that are enriched in active phase uEVs compared to inactive phase uEVs from the same mice. Amiloride-sensitive transepithelial current increased more in mpkCCD cells challenged with uEVs from the active phase group. Moreover, more ENaC alpha protein was distributed to lipid raft fractions of mpkCCD cells challenged with active phase uEVs. Taken together, the identification of bioactive lipids associated with lipid rafts that are enriched in EVs released during the active phase of aged mice may offer clues to help understand lipid raft organization in recipient principal cells after EV uptake and increased renal ENaC activity, leading to a time-of-day dependent regulation of blood pressure in an aging model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pena Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Areej Ebrahim
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin M. Chacko
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Whitney C. Schramm
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mohammed F. Gholam
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tezcan Ozrazgat-Baslanti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-7877
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13
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Figueira RL, Antounians L, Zani-Ruttenstock E, Khalaj K, Zani A. Fetal lung regeneration using stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A new frontier for pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:364-372. [PMID: 35191057 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The poor outcomes of babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are directly related to pulmonary hypoplasia, a cosndition characterized by impaired lung development. Although the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypoplasia is not fully elucidated, there is now evidence that CDH patients have missing or dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lung development. A prenatal therapy that supplements these missing/dysregulated miRNAs could be a strategy to rescue normal lung development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as exosomes when of small dimensions, are lipid-bound nanoparticles that can transfer their heterogeneous cargo (proteins, lipids, small RNAs) to target cells to induce biological responses. Herein, we review all studies that show evidence for stem cell-derived EVs as a regenerative therapy to rescue normal development in CDH fetal lungs. Particularly, we report studies showing that administration of EVs derived from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC-EVs) to models of pulmonary hypoplasia promotes fetal lung growth and maturation via transfer of miRNAs that are known to regulate lung developmental processes. We also describe that stem cell-derived EVs exert effects on vascular remodeling, thus possibly preventing postnatal pulmonary hypertension. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and challenges to translate this promising stem cell EV-based therapy to clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Elke Zani-Ruttenstock
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kasra Khalaj
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Augusto Zani
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1P5, Canada
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