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Adapa SR, Meshram P, Sami A, Jiang RHY. Harnessing Porphyrin Accumulation in Liver Cancer: Combining Genomic Data and Drug Targeting. Biomolecules 2024; 14:959. [PMID: 39199347 PMCID: PMC11352895 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver, a pivotal organ in human metabolism, serves as a primary site for heme biosynthesis, alongside bone marrow. Maintaining precise control over heme production is paramount in healthy livers to meet high metabolic demands while averting potential toxicity from intermediate metabolites, notably protoporphyrin IX. Intriguingly, our recent research uncovers a disrupted heme biosynthesis process termed 'porphyrin overdrive' in cancers that fosters the accumulation of heme intermediates, potentially bolstering tumor survival. Here, we investigate heme and porphyrin metabolism in both healthy and oncogenic human livers, utilizing primary human liver transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Our investigations unveil robust gene expression patterns in heme biosynthesis in healthy livers, supporting electron transport chain (ETC) and cytochrome P450 function without intermediate accumulation. Conversely, liver cancers exhibit rewired heme biosynthesis and a massive downregulation of cytochrome P450 gene expression. Notably, despite diminished drug metabolism, gene expression analysis shows that heme supply to the ETC remains largely unaltered or even elevated with patient cancer progression, suggesting a metabolic priority shift. Liver cancers selectively accumulate intermediates, which are absent in normal tissues, implicating their role in disease advancement as inferred by expression analysis. Furthermore, our findings in genomics establish a link between the aberrant gene expression of porphyrin metabolism and inferior overall survival in aggressive cancers, indicating potential targets for clinical therapy development. We provide in vitro proof-of-concept data on targeting porphyrin overdrive with a drug synergy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swamy R. Adapa
- USF Genomics Program, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Pravin Meshram
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Abdus Sami
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Rays H. Y. Jiang
- USF Genomics Program, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Hossam Abdelmonem B, Abdelaal NM, Anwer EKE, Rashwan AA, Hussein MA, Ahmed YF, Khashana R, Hanna MM, Abdelnaser A. Decoding the Role of CYP450 Enzymes in Metabolism and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1467. [PMID: 39062040 PMCID: PMC11275228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a group of enzymes that play an essential role in Phase I metabolism, with 57 functional genes classified into 18 families in the human genome, of which the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families are prominent. Beyond drug metabolism, CYP enzymes metabolize endogenous compounds such as lipids, proteins, and hormones to maintain physiological homeostasis. Thus, dysregulation of CYP450 enzymes can lead to different endocrine disorders. Moreover, CYP450 enzymes significantly contribute to fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and bile acid biosynthesis, impacting cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Their diverse functions emphasize their therapeutic potential in managing hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, CYP450 enzymes are implicated in the onset and development of illnesses such as cancer, influencing chemotherapy outcomes. Assessment of CYP450 enzyme expression and activity aids in evaluating liver health state and differentiating between liver diseases, guiding therapeutic decisions, and optimizing drug efficacy. Understanding the roles of CYP450 enzymes and the clinical effect of their genetic polymorphisms is crucial for developing personalized therapeutic strategies and enhancing drug responses in diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Hossam Abdelmonem
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abdelaal
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Eman K. E. Anwer
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 4411601, Egypt
| | - Alaa A. Rashwan
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Hussein
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Yasmin F. Ahmed
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Rana Khashana
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mireille M. Hanna
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
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Iriani A, Rachman A, Fatina MK, Gemilang RK, Trisnandi A, Nugraha MFI. Gene expression profiling of vitamin D metabolism enzymes in leukemia and lymphoma patients: molecular aspect interplay of VDR, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:526. [PMID: 38632160 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the Indonesian population, particularly in individuals diagnosed with leukemia-lymphoma. The regulation of vitamin D metabolism is influenced by the expression of several enzymes, such as CYP2R1, CYP24A1, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). This study aimed to scrutinize the gene expression profiles in both mRNA and protein levels of VDR, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 in leukemia and lymphoma patients. METHOD The research was a cross-sectional study conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study included a total of 45 patients aged over 18 years old who have received a diagnosis of lymphoma or leukemia. Vitamin D status was measured by examining serum 25 (OH) D levels. The analysis of VDR, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 mRNA expression utilized the qRT-PCR method, while protein levels were measured through the ELISA method. CONCLUSION The study revealed a noteworthy difference in VDR protein levels between men and women. The highest mean CYP24A1 protein levels were observed in the age group > 60 years. This study found a significant, moderately positive correlation between VDR protein levels and CYP24A1 protein levels in the male and vitamin D sufficiency groups. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between VDR mRNA levels and CYP2R1 mRNA levels, VDR mRNA levels and CYP2R1 mRNA levels, and CYP2R1 mRNA levels and CYP24A1 mRNA levels. However, the expression of these genes does not correlate with the protein levels of its mRNA translation products in blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Iriani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yarsi University, Yarsi Hospital, Jl. Letjen Suprapto Kav 13, Cempaka Putih, Jakarta, 10510, Indonesia.
| | - Andhika Rachman
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Manguskusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Media Fitri Isma Nugraha
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia
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Pal R, Choudhury S, Kumar H, Dey S, Das N, Basu BR. Vitamin D deficiency and genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D-associated genes in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3362-3377. [PMID: 37485791 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and vitamin D share a unique link as vitamin D deficiency (VDD) prevails in PD. Thus, an in-depth understanding of vitamin D biology in PD might be crucial for therapeutic strategies emphasising vitamin D. Specifically, explicating the effect of VDD and genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D-associated genes in PD, like VDR (vitamin D receptor) or GC (vitamin D binding protein) may aid the process along with polymorphisms of vitamin D metabolising genes (e.g., CYP2R1 and CYP27A1) in PD. Literature review of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to vitamin D levels [GC (GC1-rs7041 and GC2-rs4588), CYP2R1, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1] and vitamin D function [VDR (FokI - rs2228570 and rs10735810; ApaI - rs7976091, rs7975232BsmI and rs1544410; and TaqI - rs731236)] was conducted to explore their relationship with PD severity globally. VDR-FokI polymorphism was reported to be significantly associated with PD in Hungarian, Chinese and Japanese populations, whereas VDR-ApaI polymorphism was found to affect PD in the Iranian population. However, VDR-TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms had no significant association with PD severity. Conversely, GC1 polymorphisms reportedly affected vitamin D levels without influencing the disease severity. CYP2R1 (excluding rs1993116) was also reportedly linked to clinical manifestations of PD. Genetic polymorphisms might cause VDD despite enough sunlight exposure and vitamin D-rich food intake, enhancing inflammation, there by influencing PD pathophysiology. Knowledge of the polymorphisms associated with VDD appears promising for developing precision vitamin D-dosing therapeutic strategies against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randrita Pal
- Department of Physiology, Surendranath College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Nilansu Das
- Department of Molecular Biology, Surendranath College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Barnali Ray Basu
- Department of Physiology, Surendranath College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Pineda Lancheros LE, Rojo Tolosa S, Gálvez Navas JM, Martínez Martínez F, Sánchez Martín A, Jiménez Morales A, Pérez Ramírez C. Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Metabolic Pathway on Susceptibility to Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:4668. [PMID: 36364930 PMCID: PMC9659229 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is complex, since many risk factors have been identified. Recent research indicates that polymorphisms in the metabolic pathway of vitamin D may be involved in both risk and survival of the disease. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of 13 genetic polymorphisms involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway on the risk of suffering from NSCLC. We conducted an observational case-control study, which included 204 patients with NSCLC and 408 controls, of Caucasian origin, from southern Spain. The CYP27B1 (rs4646536, rs3782130, rs703842, rs10877012), CYP2R1 (rs10741657), GC (rs7041), CYP24A1, and VDR (BsmI, Cdx-2, FokI, ApaI, TaqI) gene polymorphisms were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The logistic regression model, adjusted for smoking and family history of cancer, revealed that in the genotypic model, carriers of the VDR BsmI rs1544410-AA genotype were associated with a lower risk of developing NSCLC compared to the GG genotype (p = 0.0377; OR = 0.51; CI95% = 0.27-0.95; AA vs. GG). This association was maintained in the recessive model (p = 0.0140). Haplotype analysis revealed that the AACATGG and GACATGG haplotypes for the rs1544410, rs7975232, rs731236, rs4646536, rs703842, rs3782130, and rs10877012 polymorphisms were associated with a lower risk of NSCLC (p = 0.015 and p = 0.044 respectively). The remaining polymorphisms showed no effect on susceptibility to NSCLC. The BsmI rs1544410 polymorphism was significantly associated with lower risk of NSCLC and could be of considerable value as a predictive biomarker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Rojo Tolosa
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - José María Gálvez Navas
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez Martínez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Social and Legal Assistance Pharmacy Section, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Almudena Sánchez Martín
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez Morales
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez Ramírez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
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25(OH)Vitamin D Deficiency and Calcifediol Treatment in Pediatrics. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091854. [PMID: 35565821 PMCID: PMC9101124 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for the normal mineralization of bones during childhood. Although diet and adequate sun exposure should provide enough of this nutrient, there is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets worldwide. Children with certain conditions that lead to decreased vitamin D production and/or absorption are at the greatest risk of nutritional rickets. In addition, several rare genetic alterations are also associated with severe forms of vitamin-D-resistant or -dependent rickets. Although vitamin D3 is the threshold nutrient for the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES), direct measurement of circulating vitamin D3 itself is not a good marker of the nutritional status of the system. Calcifediol (or 25(OH)D) serum levels are used to assess VDES status. While there is no clear consensus among the different scientific associations on calcifediol status, many clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit of ensuring normal 25(OH)D serum levels and calcium intake for the prevention or treatment of nutritional rickets in childhood. Therefore, during the first year of life, infants should receive vitamin D treatment with at least 400 IU/day. In addition, a diet should ensure a normal calcium intake. Healthy lifestyle habits to prevent vitamin D deficiency should be encouraged during childhood. In children who develop clinical signs of rickets, adequate treatment with vitamin D and calcium should be guaranteed. Children with additional risk factors for 25(OH)D deficiency and nutritional rickets should be assessed periodically and treated promptly to prevent further bone damage.
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