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Krajisnik A, Rezaee N, Duncan ER, Balzer BL, Shon W. Evaluation of PRAME immunohistochemistry in cutaneous vascular neoplasms reveals frequent expression in primary and post-irradiation cutaneous angiosarcomas. J Cutan Pathol 2024. [PMID: 39152799 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has been extensively studied in cutaneous melanocytic tumors and has proven valuable as a diagnostic adjunct in routine dermatopathology practice. However, its expression in cutaneous vascular neoplasms, particularly angiosarcomas (AS), remains largely unexplored. METHODS To further explore PRAME expression in cutaneous AS, 18 cases of post-irradiation and 13 cases of primary cutaneous AS were evaluated for PRAME. For comparison, sections from 11 deep soft tissue/visceral AS, 10 Kaposi sarcomas, 8 microvenular hemangiomas, 7 infantile hemangiomas, 8 atypical vascular lesions, 6 epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas, 6 pyogenic granulomas, 6 papillary endothelial hyperplasias, 6 epithelioid hemangiomas, 3 capillovenous malformations, 3 hobnail hemangiomas, 2 spindle cell hemangiomas, 2 pseudomyogenic hemangioendotheliomas, and 2 composite hemangioendotheliomas were also retrieved. RESULTS Overall, 22 of 31 (70.9%; 12 post-irradiation and 10 primary) cutaneous AS were positive for PRAME. In contrast, only 1 of 11 (9.1%) deep soft tissue/visceral AS showed diffuse and strong PRAME nuclear staining. All other tumor types were negative for PRAME, except for 5 of 7 (71.4%) infantile hemangiomas, which demonstrated rare (<5%; four cases) and 1+ (5-25%; one case) nuclear staining. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we have demonstrated frequent nuclear PRAME expression in cutaneous AS. PRAME immunohistochemistry may serve as a valuable additional marker in selected clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Krajisnik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neda Rezaee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eleanor R Duncan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bonnie L Balzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wonwoo Shon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Lim RMH, Lee JY, Kannan B, Ko TK, Chan JY. Molecular and immune pathobiology of human angiosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189159. [PMID: 39032539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare endothelial-derived malignancy that is extremely diverse in anatomy, aetiology, molecular and immune characteristics. While novel therapeutic approaches incorporating targeted agents and immunotherapy have yielded significant improvements in patient outcomes across several cancers, their impact on angiosarcoma remains modest. Contributed by its heterogeneous nature, there is currently a lack of novel drug targets in this disease entity and no reliable biomarkers that predict response to conventional treatment. This review aims to examine the molecular and immune landscape of angiosarcoma in association with its aetiology, anatomical sites, prognosis and therapeutic options. We summarise current efforts to characterise angiosarcoma subtypes based on molecular and immune profiling. Finally, we highlight promising technologies such as single-cell spatial "omics" that may further our understanding of angiosarcoma and propose strategies that can be similarly applied for the study of other rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yi Lee
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Bavani Kannan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Kiat Ko
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
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Shenoy US, Adiga D, Alhedyan F, Kabekkodu SP, Radhakrishnan R. HOXA9 transcription factor is a double-edged sword: from development to cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:709-728. [PMID: 38062297 PMCID: PMC11156722 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The HOXA9 transcription factor serves as a molecular orchestrator in cancer stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and generation of the tumor microenvironment in hematological and solid malignancies. However, the multiple modes of regulation, multifaceted functions, and context-dependent interactions responsible for the dual role of HOXA9 as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer remain obscure. Hence, unravelling its molecular complexities, binding partners, and interacting signaling molecules enables us to comprehend HOXA9-mediated transcriptional programs and molecular crosstalk. However, it is imperative to understand its central role in fundamental biological processes such as embryogenesis, foetus implantation, hematopoiesis, endothelial cell proliferation, and tissue homeostasis before designing targeted therapies. Indeed, it presents an enormous challenge for clinicians to selectively target its oncogenic functions or restore tumor-suppressive role without altering normal cellular functions. In addition to its implications in cancer, the present review also focuses on the clinical applications of HOXA9 in recurrence and drug resistance, which may provide a broader understanding beyond oncology, open new avenues for clinicians for accurate diagnoses, and develop personalized treatment strategies. Furthermore, we have also discussed the existing therapeutic options and accompanying challenges in HOXA9-targeted therapies in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sangeetha Shenoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Faisal Alhedyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Baelen J, Dewaele B, Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, Schöffski P, Hompes D, Sinnaeve F, Wafa H, Vanden Bempt I. Optical Genome Mapping for Comprehensive Cytogenetic Analysis of Soft-Tissue and Bone Tumors for Diagnostic Purposes. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:374-386. [PMID: 38395407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue and bone tumors represent a heterogeneous group of tumors encompassing more than 100 histologic subtypes today. Identifying genetic aberrations increasingly is important in these tumors for accurate diagnosis. Although gene mutations typically are detected by second-generation sequencing, the identification of structural variants (SVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs) remains challenging and requires various cytogenetic techniques including karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and arrays, each with important limitations. Optical Genome Mapping (OGM), a non-sequencing-based technique for high-resolution detection of SVs and CNAs, was applied in a retrospective series of diagnostic soft-tissue and bone tumor samples. Sample preparation was successful in 38 of 53 cases, with the highest success rate in nonadipocytic soft-tissue tumors (24 of 27 cases; 89%). In 32 of 35 cases carrying a diagnostic SV or CNA, OGM identified the aberration (91%), including a POU2AF3::EWSR1 fusion in a round cell sarcoma and a translocation t(1;5)(p22;p15) in a myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma. Interestingly, OGM shed light on the genomic complexity underlying the various aberrations. In five samples, OGM showed that chains of rearrangements generated the diagnostic fusion, three of which involved chromoplexy. In addition, in nine samples, chromothripsis was causal to the formation of giant marker/ring/double-minute chromosomes. Finally, compared with standard-of-care cytogenetics, OGM revealed additional aberrations, requiring further investigation of their potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Baelen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Barbara Dewaele
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raphael Sciot
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daphne Hompes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Friedl Sinnaeve
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hazem Wafa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vanden Bempt
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Tang L, Peng L, Tan C, Liu H, Chen P, Wang H. Role of HOXA9 in solid tumors: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:349. [PMID: 36376832 PMCID: PMC9664671 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXA9 functioning as a transcription factor is one of the members of HOX gene family, which governs multiple cellular activities by facilitating cellular signal transduction. In addition to be a driver in AML which has been widely studied, the role of HOXA9 in solid tumor progression has also received increasing attention in recent years, where the aberrant expression of HOXA9 is closely associated with the prognosis of patient. This review details the signaling pathways, binding partners, post-transcriptional regulation of HOXA9, and possible inhibitors of HOXA9 in solid tumors, which provides a reference basis for further study on the role of HOXA9 in solid tumors.
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Tian K, Liu Y, Zhu H, Wang T, Chen T, Pei X, Song F. A case report of primary cardiac angiosarcoma with DNMT3A gene mutation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1018741. [PMID: 36387074 PMCID: PMC9647023 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1018741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare disease with a high mortality rate despite its low incidence. Surgery is currently the mainstay treatment strategy for patients with this condition. Herein, we describe a case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma, including symptoms, examination findings, treatment strategy and prognosis. In 2020, the patient was admitted to our hospital, and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) revealed a mutation in the DNMT3A gene. Generally, DNMT3A mutations are most commonly seen in atherosclerosis and myeloid leukemia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma with DNMT3A gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Feixue Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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