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Areid N, Abushahba F, Riivari S, Närhi T. Effect of TiO 2 Abutment Coatings on Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Behavior: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:9079673. [PMID: 38533472 PMCID: PMC10965279 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9079673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing a proper soft tissue adhesion around the implant abutment is essential to prevent microbial invasion, inhibit epithelial downgrowth, and obtain an optimal healing process. This systematic review aims to evaluate the real potential of TiO2 coating on the behavior of peri-implant soft tissue health and maintenance. A specific aim was to evaluate clinically and histologically the effect of TiO2 abutment coating on epithelial and connective tissue attachment. Electronic database searches were conducted from 1990 to 2023 in MEDLINE/PubMed and the Web of Science databases. In total, 15 out of 485 publications were included. Eight studies involved humans, and seven were animal studies. Exposure time ranges from 2 days to 5 years. The peri-implant soft tissue evaluations included clinical assessment (plaque index (PI), peri-implant probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BoP)), histological as well as histomorphometric analysis. The Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies was used to evaluate the overall quality of the studies included in the review. The results showed some variation but remained within acceptable limits. Within the limitations of this systematic review, the present findings suggest that TiO2 coatings seem to influence soft tissue healing. TiO2-coated abutments with a roughness value between 0.2 and 0.5 μm enhance soft tissue health. Sol-gel-derived TiO2 coatings induced better soft tissue attachment than noncoated machined abutment surfaces. The anodized titanium abutments demonstrate comparable clinical and histological outcomes to conventional machined abutments. However, there was variation among the included studies concerning TiO2 coating characteristics and the measured outcomes used to evaluate the soft tissue response, and therefore, quantitative analysis was not feasible. Long-term in vivo studies with standardized soft tissue analysis and coating surface parameters are necessary before a definitive conclusion can be drawn. OSF Registration No.: 10.17605/OSF.IO/E5RQV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Faleh Abushahba
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Libyan International Medical University (LIMU), Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya
| | - Sini Riivari
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Timo Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of South-West Finland, Turku FI-20521, Finland
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Hayashi R, Takao S, Komasa S, Sekino T, Kusumoto T, Maekawa K. Effects of Argon Gas Plasma Treatment on Biocompatibility of Nanostructured Titanium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:149. [PMID: 38203320 PMCID: PMC10779263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we applied argon plasma treatment to titanium surfaces with nanostructures deposited by concentrated alkali treatment and investigated the effects on the surface of the material and the tissue surrounding an implant site. The results showed that the treatment with argon plasma removed carbon contaminants and increased the surface energy of the material while the nanoscale network structure deposited on the titanium surface remained in place. Reactive oxygen species reduced the oxidative stress of bone marrow cells on the treated titanium surface, creating a favorable environment for cell proliferation. Good results were observed in vitro evaluations using rat bone marrow cells. The group treated with argon plasma exhibited the highest apatite formation in experiments using simulated body fluids. The results of in vivo evaluation using rat femurs revealed that the treatment improved the amount of new bone formation around an implant. Thus, the results demonstrate that argon plasma treatment enhances the ability of nanostructured titanium surfaces to induce hard tissue differentiation and supports new bone formation around an implant site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hayashi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Seiji Takao
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Tohru Sekino
- Department of Advanced Hard Materials, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Tetsuji Kusumoto
- Department of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Kenji Maekawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (K.M.)
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Traver-Méndez V, Camps-Font O, Ventura F, Nicolau-Sansó MA, Subirà-Pifarré C, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellón E. In Vitro Characterization of an Anodized Surface of a Dental Implant Collar and Dental Abutment on Peri-Implant Cellular Response. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6012. [PMID: 37687706 PMCID: PMC10489139 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to determine the effect of anodization on the in vitro proliferation and adhesion of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCats) and mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in Titanium Grade 23 (Ti6Al4V ELI) discs and to describe the surface topography, roughness, and composition of dental implants (body and collar) and abutments submitted to an area-specific anodization process. HaCat cells and BM-MSCs were seeded onto discs with three different surface treatments: machined, area-specific anodization for abutments, and area-specific anodization for implant collars. Cell proliferation was assessed using a resazurin-based fluorescent dye on days 1, 3, and 7, while cell adhesion was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface topography, roughness, and composition were evaluated for six implant bodies with an anodized rough surface, six anodized implant smooth collars, and six anodized prosthetic abutments. Both HaCats and BM-MSCs showed increased viability over time (p < 0.001) with no statistically significant differences among the different surfaces (p = 0.447 HaCats and p = 0.631 BM-MSCs). SEM analysis revealed an enhanced presence and adhesion of HaCat cells on the anodized surface for the implant collars and an increased adhesion of BM-MSCs on both the anodized and machined surface abutments. The topography characteristics of the treated implants and abutments varied depending on the specific implant region. Chemical analysis confirmed the presence of oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium on the anodized surfaces. The area-specific anodization process can be utilized to create variable topography, increase the specific surface area, and introduce oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium to dental implants and abutments. While BM-MSCs and HaCat cells showed similar adhesion and proliferation on anodized and machined surfaces, a positive interaction between anodized Ti6Al4V ELI surfaces and these two cell lines present in the peri-implant mucosa was observed. Due to the limitations of the present study, further research is necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Traver-Méndez
- Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.-M.); (R.F.); (E.V.-C.)
| | - Octavi Camps-Font
- Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.-M.); (R.F.); (E.V.-C.)
- IDIBELL Institute, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Miquel Angel Nicolau-Sansó
- Adult Comprehensive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carles Subirà-Pifarré
- IDIBELL Institute, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Adult Comprehensive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rui Figueiredo
- Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.-M.); (R.F.); (E.V.-C.)
- IDIBELL Institute, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
- Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.-M.); (R.F.); (E.V.-C.)
- IDIBELL Institute, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
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Baus-Domínguez M, Maza-Solano S, Vázquez-Pachón C, Flores-Cerero M, Torres-Lagares D, Serrera-Figallo MÁ, Macías-García L. Behaviour of the Peri-Implant Soft Tissue with Different Rehabilitation Materials on Implants. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3321. [PMID: 37571215 PMCID: PMC10422441 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mucointegration seems to gain interest when talking about success in the maintenance of dental implants. As we well know, collagen fibres cannot be inserted due to the lack of root structure on the implant surface, so the structural integration of peri-implant tissues that provide a firm seal around implants seems to be of interest when it comes to ensuring the survival of dental implants. To achieve a good epithelial barrier, the physicochemical characteristics of the surfaces of the restorative materials are of vital importance; therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the histological behaviour of the peri-implant soft tissues in three different restorative materials. (2) Methods: Histological analysis of biopsied peri-implant keratinised mucosa, inflammatory epithelium and connective tissue in contact with a reinforced composite (BRILLIANT Crios), a cross-linked polymethylmethacrylate (TELIO CAD), and a hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic), restored on a customised Atlantis-type abutment (Dentsply Sirona) between 60 and 180 days after restoration. (3) Results: A greater number of cells per mm2 of keratinised epithelium is observed in the reinforced composite, which could indicate greater surface roughness with greater inflammatory response. In this way, the greater number of lymphocytes and the lateral cellular composition of the inflammatory cells confirm the greater inflammatory activity towards that material. The best material to rehabilitate was hybrid ceramic, as it shows a better cellular response. (4) Conclusions: Knowing the limitations of the proposed study, despite the fact that greater inflammation is observed in the reinforced composite relative to the other materials studied, no statistically significant differences were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Baus-Domínguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.B.-D.); (S.M.-S.); (C.V.-P.); (M.F.-C.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Serafín Maza-Solano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.B.-D.); (S.M.-S.); (C.V.-P.); (M.F.-C.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Celia Vázquez-Pachón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.B.-D.); (S.M.-S.); (C.V.-P.); (M.F.-C.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Marta Flores-Cerero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.B.-D.); (S.M.-S.); (C.V.-P.); (M.F.-C.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Daniel Torres-Lagares
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.B.-D.); (S.M.-S.); (C.V.-P.); (M.F.-C.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - María-Ángeles Serrera-Figallo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.B.-D.); (S.M.-S.); (C.V.-P.); (M.F.-C.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Laura Macías-García
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
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5
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Böker KO, Gätjen L, Dölle C, Vasic K, Taheri S, Lehmann W, Schilling AF. Reduced Cell Adhesion on LightPLAS-Coated Implant Surfaces in a Three-Dimensional Bioreactor System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11608. [PMID: 37511369 PMCID: PMC10380481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Most implants used in trauma surgery are made of steel and remain inside the body only temporarily. The strong tissue interaction of such implants sometimes creates problems with their explantation. Modified implant surfaces, which decrease tissue attachment, might allow an easier removal and therefore a better outcome. Such a modification must retain the implant function, and needs to be biocompatible and cost-effective. Here, we used a novel VUV-light (Vacuum-Ultraviolett)-based coating technology (LightPLAS) to generate coated stainless-steel plates. The tested LightPLAS coating only had an average thickness of around 335 nm, making it unlikely to interfere with implant function. The coated plates showed good biocompatibility according to ISO 10993-5 and ISO 10993-12, and reduced cell adhesion after four different time points in a 2D cell culture system with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Furthermore, we could show decreased cell adhesion in our 3D cell culture system, which mimics the fluid flow above the implant materials as commonly present in the in vivo environment. This new method of surface coating could offer extended options to design implant surfaces for trauma surgery to reduce cell adhesion and implant ingrowth. This may allow for a faster removal time, resulting in shorter overall operation times, thereby reducing costs and complication rates and increasing patient wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oliver Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Linda Gätjen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christopher Dölle
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katarina Vasic
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Shahed Taheri
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Arndt Friedrich Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Staehlke S, Brief J, Senz V, Eickner T, Nebe JB. Optimized Gingiva Cell Behavior on Dental Zirconia as a Result of Atmospheric Argon Plasma Activation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4203. [PMID: 37374388 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Several physico-chemical modifications have been developed to improve cell contact with prosthetic oral implant surfaces. The activation with non-thermal plasmas was one option. Previous studies found that gingiva fibroblasts on laser-microstructured ceramics were hindered in their migration into cavities. However, after argon (Ar) plasma activation, the cells concentrated in and around the niches. The change in surface properties of zirconia and, subsequently, the effect on cell behavior is unclear. In this study, polished zirconia discs were activated by atmospheric pressure Ar plasma using the kINPen®09 jet for 1 min. Surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle. In vitro studies with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) focused on spreading, actin cytoskeleton organization, and calcium ion signaling within 24 h. After Ar plasma activation, surfaces were more hydrophilic. XPS revealed decreased carbon and increased oxygen, zirconia, and yttrium content after Ar plasma. The Ar plasma activation boosted the spreading (2 h), and HGF-1 cells formed strong actin filaments with pronounced lamellipodia. Interestingly, the cells' calcium ion signaling was also promoted. Therefore, argon plasma activation of zirconia seems to be a valuable tool to bioactivate the surface for optimal surface occupation by cells and active cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Staehlke
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jakob Brief
- VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, 79713 Bad Säckingen, Germany
| | - Volkmar Senz
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Eickner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Barbara Nebe
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Rodriguez-González R, Monsalve-Guil L, Jimenez-Guerra A, Velasco-Ortega E, Moreno-Muñoz J, Nuñez-Marquez E, Pérez RA, Gil J, Ortiz-Garcia I. Relevant Aspects of Titanium Topography for Osteoblastic Adhesion and Inhibition of Bacterial Colonization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093553. [PMID: 37176435 PMCID: PMC10180273 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the surface topography of dental implants has been studied to optimize titanium surfaces in order to improve osseointegration. Different techniques can be used to obtain rough titanium, however, their effect on wettability, surface energy, as well as bacterial and cell adhesion and differentiation has not been studied deeply. Two-hundred disks made of grade 4 titanium were subjected to different treatments: machined titanium (MACH), acid-attacked titanium (AE), titanium sprayed with abrasive alumina particles under pressure (GBLAST), and titanium that has been treated with GBLAST and then subjected to AE (GBLAST + AE). The roughness of the different treatments was determined by confocal microscopy, and the wettability was determined by the sessile drop technique; then, the surface energy of each treatment was calculated. Osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) were cultured, and alkaline phosphatase was determined using a colorimetric test. Likewise, bacterial strains S. gordonii, S. oralis, A. viscosus, and E. faecalis were cultured, and proliferation on the different surfaces was determined. It could be observed that the roughness of the GBLAST and GBLAS + AE was higher, at 1.99 and 2.13 μm of Ra, with respect to the AE and MACH samples, which were 0.35 and 0.20 μm, respectively. The abrasive treated surfaces showed lower hydrophilicity but lower surface energy. Significant differences could be seen at 21 days between SaOS-2 osteoblastic cell adhesion for the blasted ones and higher osteocalcin levels. However, no significant differences in terms of bacterial proliferation were observed between the four surfaces studied, demonstrating the insensitivity of bacteria to topography. These results may help in the search for the best topographies for osteoblast behavior and for the inhibition of bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodriguez-González
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallé, 08198 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roman A Pérez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallé, 08198 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallé, 08198 Barcelona, Spain
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Areid N, Riivari S, Abushahba F, Shahramian K, Närhi T. Influence of Surface Characteristics of TiO 2 Coatings on the Response of Gingival Cells: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2533. [PMID: 36984413 PMCID: PMC10056999 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The soft tissue-implant interface requires the formation of epithelium and connective tissue seal to hinder microbial infiltration and prevent epithelial down growth. Nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface coatings have shown good potential for promoting soft tissue attachment to implant surfaces. However, the impact of their surface properties on the biological response of gingival cells needs further investigation. This systematic review aimed to investigate the cellular behavior of gingival cells on TiO2-implant abutment coatings based on in vitro studies. The review was performed to answer the question: "How does the surface characteristic of TiO2 coatings influence the gingival cell response in in vitro studies?". A search in MEDLINE/PubMed and the web of science databases from 1990 to 2022 was performed using keywords. A quality assessment of the studies selected was performed using the SciRAP method. A total of 11 publications were selected from the 289 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean reporting and methodologic quality SciRAP scores were 82.7 ± 6.4/100 and 87 ± 4.2/100, respectively. Within the limitations of this in vitro systematic review, it can be concluded that the TiO2 coatings with smooth nano-structured surface topography and good wettability improve gingival cell response compared to non-coated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Riivari
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Faleh Abushahba
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Khalil Shahramian
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center (TCBC), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center (TCBC), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Oral Health Care, Wellbeing services county of Southwest Finland, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland
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In-Vitro Evaluation of Photofunctionalized Implant Surfaces in a High-Glucose Microenvironment Simulating Diabetics. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030130. [PMID: 36976054 PMCID: PMC10056823 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of photofunctionalization on commercially available dental implant surfaces in a high-glucose environment. Discs of three commercially available implant surfaces were selected with various nano- and microstructural alterations (Group 1—laser-etched implant surface, Group 2—titanium–zirconium alloy surface, Group 3—air-abraded, large grit, acid-etched surface). They were subjected to photo-functionalization through UV irradiation for 60 and 90 min. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the implant surface chemical composition before and after photo-functionalization. The growth and bioactivity of MG63 osteoblasts in the presence of photofunctionalized discs was assessed in cell culture medium containing elevated glucose concentration. The normal osteoblast morphology and spreading behavior were assessed under fluorescence and phase-contrast microscope. MTT (3-(4,5 Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and alizarin red assay were performed to assess the osteoblastic cell viability and mineralization efficiency. Following photofunctionalization, all three implant groups exhibited a reduced carbon content, conversion of Ti4+ to Ti3+, increased osteoblastic adhesion, viability, and increased mineralization. The best osteoblastic adhesion in the medium with increased glucose was seen in Group 3. Photofunctionalization altered the implant surface chemistry by reducing the surface carbon content, probably rendering the surfaces more hydrophilic and conducive for osteoblastic adherence and subsequent mineralization in high-glucose environment.
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Choi D, Ishii T, Ishikawa M, Ootake T, Kamei H, Nagai K, Sueishi K. Vertical Vibration of Mouse Osteoblasts Promotes Cellular Differentiation and Cell Cycle Progression and Induces Aging In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020444. [PMID: 36830981 PMCID: PMC9953217 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of the vibration of osteoblasts on the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary maxilla osteoblasts harvested from eight-week-old mice were subjected to vibration at 3, 30, and 300 Hz once daily for 30 min; control group, 0 Hz. A cell proliferation assay and Cell-Clock Cell Cycle Assay were performed 24 h after vibration. Osteoblast differentiation assay, aging marker genes, SA-β-Gal activity, and telomere length (qPCR) were assayed two weeks post- vibration once every two days. RESULTS Cell proliferation increased significantly at 30 and 300 Hz rather than 0 Hz. Several cells were in the late G2/M stage of the cell cycle at 30 Hz. The osteoblast differentiation assay was significantly higher at 30 Hz than at 0 Hz. Runx2 mRNA was downregulated at 30 Hz compared to that at 0 Hz, while osteopontin, osteocalcin, and sclerostin mRNA were upregulated. p53/p21, p16, and c-fos were activated at 30 Hz. SA-β-Gal activity increased significantly at 30 or 300 Hz. Telomere length was significantly lower at 30 or 300 Hz. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that providing optimal vibration to osteoblasts promotes cell cycle progression and differentiation and induces cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takenobu Ishii
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College Chiba Dental Center, 1-2-2, Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-0011, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-03-5375-1724
| | - Munetada Ishikawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ootake
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kamei
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagai
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueishi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College Chiba Dental Center, 1-2-2, Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-0011, Japan
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11
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Hadzik J, Kubasiewicz-Ross P, Gębarowski T, Waloszczyk N, Maciej A, Stolarczyk A, Gedrange T, Dominiak M, Szajna E, Simka W. An Experimental Anodized Titanium Surface for Transgingival Dental Implant Elements-Preliminary Report. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010034. [PMID: 36662081 PMCID: PMC9861871 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics such as microtopography, physical and chemical properties influence the behavior of an implant in a soft tissue. Anodization-as a potent method of titanium alloy surface modification-of the transgingival abutment or healing screw, has achieved some improvement. One of the possible surface treatment method is low-pressure radiofrequency oxygen plasma treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical properties and cytocompatibility of the experimental surface. Titanium discs made of grade-23 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) anodized (A sample) with different voltage parameters (28, 67, 78, and 98 V) were included in the study. Half of the samples regarded as the "S" group were additionally treated with low-pressure radiofrequency oxygen plasma treatment. The surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemically investigated via a corrosion test. Furthermore, two cell lines were used, including the CHO-compatible reference line and a primary human fibroblast line for the MTT assay; direct (contact) cytotoxicity of the materials was tested with the cells, and the growth of fibroblasts on the surfaces of the different materials was tested. The morphology of the "S"-treated samples did not differ from the morphology of only-anodized samples. However, the oxygen concentration on the surface in that group slightly increased by about 1% as a result of post-trial treatment. The highest corrosion resistance was observed for both A-78 V and S-78 V samples. The cytotoxicity assay revealed no changes in cell morphology or vitality. The MTT test proved comparable culture viability among all groups; however, the "S" samples showed statistically significantly higher fibroblast proliferation and adhesion scores compared to the "A" samples. Through the in vitro study, the low-pressure radiofrequency oxygen plasma treatment of the anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy presented itself as an auspicious option in the field of transgingival element surface modification of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hadzik
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.K.-R.); (W.S.)
| | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Waloszczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Artur Maciej
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Orthodontics, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marzena Dominiak
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ernest Szajna
- WEA Techlab sp. z o.o., 41-301 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.K.-R.); (W.S.)
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12
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Pera F, Menini M, Alovisi M, Crupi A, Ambrogio G, Asero S, Marchetti C, Canepa C, Merlini L, Pesce P, Carossa M. Can Abutment with Novel Superlattice CrN/NbN Coatings Influence Peri-Implant Tissue Health and Implant Survival Rate Compared to Machined Abutment? 6-Month Results from a Multi-Center Split-Mouth Randomized Control Trial. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:ma16010246. [PMID: 36614586 PMCID: PMC9821948 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present multi-center split-mouth randomized control trial was to investigate the effect on peri-implant tissue of abutment with chromium nitride/ niobium nitride (CrN/NbN) coatings (superlattice) compared to traditional machined surface. Methods: Two adjacent posterior implants were inserted in 20 patients. A machined abutment was randomly screwed on either the mesial or distal implant, while a superlattice abutment was screwed on the other one. Implant survival rate, peri-implant probing depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI) were collected 6 months after surgery, while marginal bone loss (MBL) was evaluated at T0 and T6.; Results: Implant survival rate was 97.7%. A total MBL of 0.77 ± 0.50 mm was recorded for superlattice abutments, while a mean MBL of 0.79 ± 0.40 mm was recorded for the abutment with machined surface. A mean PPD of 1.3 ± 0.23 mm was recorded for the superlattice Group, and a mean PPD of 1.31 ± 0.3 was recorded for the machined surface Group. PI was of 0.55 ± 0.51 for superlattice Group and 0.57 ± 0.50 for machined Group, while BI was of 0.47 ± 0.49 for superlattice Group and of 0.46 ± 0.40 for the machined one. No statistically significant difference was highlighted between the two Groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: After a 6-month observational period, no statistically significant differences were highlighted between superlattice abutment and traditional machined abutment. Further in vitro studies as well as clinical research with longer follow-ups are required to better investigate the surface properties of the novel abutments’ superlattice coating and its effect on the oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pera
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Menini
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Armando Crupi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Ambrogio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sofia Asero
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Marchetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Camilla Canepa
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Merlini
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesce
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Carossa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Szafran K, Jurak M, Mroczka R, Wiącek AE. Surface Properties of the Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Substrate Modified with the Phospholipid-Polypeptide-Antioxidant Films: Design of Functional Biocoatings. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2815. [PMID: 36559307 PMCID: PMC9780983 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with the ternary monolayers of the phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA), and the antioxidant lauryl gallate (LG) were examined. The films were deposited, by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, on activated by air low temperature plasma PET plates (PETair). Their topography and surface chemistry were determined with the help of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), respectively, while wettability was evaluated by the contact angle measurements. Then, the surface free energy and its components were calculated from the Lifshitz-van der Waals/Acid-Base (LWAB) approach. The AFM imaging showed that the Langmuir monolayers were transferred effectively and yielded smoothing of the PETair surface. Mass spectrometry confirmed compatibility of the quantitative and qualitative compositions of the monolayers before and after the transfer onto the substrate. Moreover, the molecular arrangement in the LB films and possible mechanisms of DOPC-CsA-LG interactions were determined. The wettability studies provided information on the type and magnitude of the interactions that can occur between the biocoatings and the liquids imitating different environments. It was found that the changes from open to closed conformation of CsA molecules are driven by the hydrophobic environment ensured by the surrounding DOPC and LG molecules. This process is of significance to drug delivery where the CsA molecules can be released directly from the biomaterial surface by passive diffusion. The obtained results showed that the chosen techniques are complementary for the characterization of the molecular organization of multicomponent LB films at the polymer substrate as well as for designing biocompatible coatings with precisely defined wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szafran
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jurak
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Mroczka
- Laboratory of X-ray Optics, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ewa Wiącek
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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14
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The Effect of Argon Plasma Surface Treatment on Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040218. [PMID: 36546918 PMCID: PMC9776356 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonunion bone fractures can impact the quality of life and represent a major economic burden. Scaffold-based tissue engineering has shown promise as an alternative to bone grafting. Achieving desirable bone reconstruction requires appropriate surface properties, together with optimizing the internal architecture of 3D scaffolds. This study presents the surface modification of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), collagen, and PLGA-collagen via an argon plasma treatment. Argon plasma can modify the surface chemistry and topography of biomaterials and improve in vivo integration. Solvent-cast films were prepared using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle measurement, and critical surface tension analysis. For PLGA films, the water contact angle dropped from 70° to 42°, whereas the diiodomethane contact angle reduced from 53° to 32° after the plasma treatment. A set of PLGA-collagen formulations were loaded with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance their osteoconductivity and hydrophilicity. Then, 3D scaffolds were fabricated using a 3D Bioplotter and characterized via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) was used to compare the protein release from the untreated and plasma-treated scaffolds into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The plasma-treated scaffolds had a lower protein release, and the difference compared to the untreated scaffolds was statistically significant.
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15
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Genova T, Chinigò G, Munaron L, Rivolo P, Luganini A, Gribaudo G, Cavagnetto D, Mandracci P, Mussano F. Bacterial and Cellular Response to Yellow-Shaded Surface Modifications for Dental Implant Abutments. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111718. [PMID: 36421732 PMCID: PMC9687512 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implants have dramatically changed the rehabilitation procedures in dental prostheses but are hindered by the possible onset of peri-implantitis. This paper aims to assess whether an anodization process applied to clinically used surfaces could enhance the adhesion of fibroblasts and reduce bacterial adhesion using as a reference the untreated machined surface. To this purpose, four different surfaces were prepared: (i) machined (MAC), (ii) machined and anodized (Y-MAC), (iii) anodized after sand-blasting and acid etching treatment (Y-SL), and (iv) anodized after double acid etching (Y-DM). All specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Moreover, the mean contact angle in both water and diiodomethane as well as surface free energy calculation was assessed. To evaluate changes in terms of biological responses, we investigated the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), fetal bovine serum (FBS) adsorption, and the early response of fibroblasts in terms of cell adhesion and viability. We found that the anodization reduced bacterial adhesion, while roughened surfaces outperformed the machined ones for protein adsorption, fibroblast adhesion, and viability independently of the treatment. It can be concluded that surface modification techniques such as anodization are valuable options to enhance the performance of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Rivolo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Materials and Microsoystems Laboratory (ChiLab), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Cavagnetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Pietro Mandracci
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Materials and Microsoystems Laboratory (ChiLab), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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