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Cao F, Guo C, Wang X, Wang X, Yu L, Zhang H, Zhang J. Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression analysis of the NAC gene family in chestnut ( Castanea mollissima). Front Genet 2024; 15:1337578. [PMID: 38333622 PMCID: PMC10850246 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1337578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The NAC gene family is one of the most important transcription factor families specific to plants, responsible for regulating many biological processes, including development, stress response, and signal transduction. However, it has not yet been characterized in chestnut, an important nut tree species. Here, we identified 115 CmNAC genes in the chestnut genome, which were divided into 16 subgroups based on the phylogenetic analysis. Numerous cis-acting elements related to auxin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid were identified in the promoter region of CmNACs, suggesting that they play an important role in the growth and development of chestnut. The results of the collinear analysis indicated that dispersed duplication and whole-genome-duplication were the main drivers of CmNAC gene expansion. RNA-seq data of developmental stages of chestnut nut, bud, and ovule revealed the expression patterns of CmNAC genes. Additionally, qRT-PCR experiments were used to verify the expression levels of some CmNAC genes. The comprehensive analysis of the above results revealed that some CmNAC members may be related to chestnut bud and nut development, as well as ovule fertility. The systematic analysis of this study will help to increase understanding of the potential functions of the CmNAC genes in chestnut growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- The Office of Scientific Research, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Liyang Yu
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Haie Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Jingzheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Chestnut Industry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
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Álvarez-Romero M, Ruíz-Rodríguez A, Barbero GF, Vázquez-Espinosa M, El-Mansouri F, Brigui J, Palma M. Comparison between Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Methods to Determine Phenolic Compounds in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Foods 2023; 12:2638. [PMID: 37509730 PMCID: PMC10378303 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the major cereal crops worldwide. It is grown not only to be used as fodder but also for human consumption. Barley grains are a great source of phenolic compounds, which are particularly interesting for their health-promoting antioxidant properties, among other benefits. Two extraction methods, namely ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), have been optimized and compared by using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to determine both the antioxidant power and the phenolic compound levels of the extracts. Three variables have been assessed based on these designs: solvent composition (% MeOH in water), temperature (°C), and sample-to-solvent ratio (mg sample mL-1 solvent). The solvent composition used and the interaction between the solvent and the temperature were the most significant variables in terms of recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Short extraction times, a high precision level, and good recoveries have been confirmed for both methods. Moreover, they were successfully applied to several samples. Significant differences regarding the level of phenolic compounds and antioxidant power were revealed when analyzing three different barley varieties. Specifically, the amounts of phenolic compounds ranged from 1.08 to 1.81 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 barley, while their antioxidant capacity ranged from 1.35 to 2.06 mg Trolox equivalent g-1 barley, depending on the barley variety. Finally, MAE was found to be slightly more efficient than UAE, presenting higher levels of phenolic compounds in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Romero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Center of Agri-Food and Wine Research (IVAGRO), Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Ana Ruíz-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Center of Agri-Food and Wine Research (IVAGRO), Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Gerardo F Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Center of Agri-Food and Wine Research (IVAGRO), Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Center of Agri-Food and Wine Research (IVAGRO), Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Fouad El-Mansouri
- Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier BP 416, Morocco
| | - Jamal Brigui
- Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier BP 416, Morocco
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Center of Agri-Food and Wine Research (IVAGRO), Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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Park S, Choi N, Trang LNH, Oh M, Oh Y, Sung JH, Kim SH. Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation of Phytochemicals Isolated from Chestnut Shells ( Castanea crenata). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1018. [PMID: 36903879 PMCID: PMC10005320 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Castanea crenata (Fagaceae) is a species of chestnut tree that is endemic to the Republic of Korea and Japan. While its kernels are consumed, chestnut by-products such as shells and burs, which account for 10-15% of the total weight, are discarded as waste. Phytochemical and biological studies have been carried out to eliminate this waste and develop high-value products from its by-products. In this study, five new compounds (1-2, 6-8) along with seven known compounds were isolated from the shell of C. crenata. This is the first study to report diterpenes from the shell of C. crenata. Comprehensive spectroscopic data including 1D, 2D NMR, and CD spectroscopy were used to determine the compound structures. All isolated compounds were examined for their ability to stimulate dermal papilla cell proliferation using a CCK-8 assay. In particular, 6β,7β,16α,17-Tetrahydroxy-ent-kauranoic acid, isopentyl-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and ellagic acid exhibited the most potent proliferation activity of all.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Choi
- Epibiotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mira Oh
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngse Oh
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epibiotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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