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Molinari GS, Wojno M, Terova G, Wick M, Riley H, Caminiti JT, Kwasek K. The Effect of the Species Source of Muscle and/or Digestive Enzymes on the Utilization of Fish Protein Hydrolysates as a Dietary Protein Source in First Feed for Larval Walleye ( Sander vitreus). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2493. [PMID: 39272278 PMCID: PMC11394479 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish protein hydrolysates used in larval diets have been prepared from a variety of fish species, with different enzymes used to hydrolyze the protein. This study's objectives were to determine the effect of the dietary inclusion of fish muscle hydrolysates obtained from species-specific muscle/enzymes-versus hydrolysates produced from muscle/enzymes of a different species-on the growth performance, survival, skeletal development, intestinal peptide uptake, and muscle-free amino acid (FAA) composition of larval Walleye (Sander vitreus). Eight protein products were obtained for this study, comprising an unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed product from each combination of muscle/enzymes from Walleye and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four diets were produced, and the dietary protein was provided in a 50/50 ratio of unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed protein from the respective muscle/enzyme combination. Four groups were fed one of the corresponding formulated diets, and two groups of larvae, fed a commercial starter diet and Artemia, respectively, served as reference groups. Larval Walleye fed the diet containing protein produced with the species-specific muscle and enzymes had a significantly higher weight after the study-30% higher than any other group. A significant interaction effect between muscle and enzyme sources on the growth of Walleye larvae was observed. The species-specific combination also led to a significant increase in postprandial FAA and indispensable amino acid concentrations in muscle. No significant differences were observed between the hydrolysate-fed groups in survival, deformity occurrence, or peptide uptake. Each hydrolysate-based diet significantly reduced skeletal deformities and survival compared to the commercial diet. The results of this study suggest that species-specific muscles and enzymes produce a more optimal dietary protein source for larval fish than non-species-specific products. Further research should focus on improving the physical properties of the formulated diets to reduce possible leaching of hydrolyzed protein and improve the survival of fish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S Molinari
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Macdonald Wick
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691, USA
| | - Hayden Riley
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691, USA
| | - Jeffery T Caminiti
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 44691, USA
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Varvara C, Hala E, Di Comite M, Zupa R, Passantino L, Ventriglia G, Quaranta A, Corriero A, Pousis C. An Observational Study of Skeletal Malformations in Four Semi-Intensively Reared Carp Species. Vet Sci 2024; 11:30. [PMID: 38250936 PMCID: PMC10819420 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyprinids include some of the most widely farmed freshwater species. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of skeletal malformations in carp species reared in semi-intensive systems in Albania: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The common carp fingerlings had a mean total length of 28.9 ± 5.0 mm; the frequencies of individuals with at least one anomaly and at least one severe anomaly were 79.2% and 43.4%, respectively. The silver carp juveniles had a mean total length of 21.6 ± 2.1 mm; the frequencies of individuals with at least one anomaly and one severe anomaly were 93.1% and 57.5%, respectively. The grass carp fry had a mean total length of 33.5 ± 2.6 mm; all the analyzed specimens showed almost one anomaly and 86.4% showed at least one severe anomaly. The bighead carp juveniles had a mean total length of 34.4 ± 5.7 mm; the frequencies of individuals with at least one anomaly and at least one severe anomaly were 95.0% and 62.5%, respectively. The development of a more suitable feeding protocol for herbivorous species and the setting up of more efficient broodstock management protocols are suggested to reduce the high incidence of skeletal malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Varvara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Edmond Hala
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1030 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Mariasevera Di Comite
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosa Zupa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Letizia Passantino
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Ventriglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Angelo Quaranta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Aldo Corriero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Chrysovalentinos Pousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Karuppasamy M, English KG, Henry CA, Manzini MC, Parant JM, Wright MA, Ruparelia AA, Currie PD, Gupta VA, Dowling JJ, Maves L, Alexander MS. Standardization of zebrafish drug testing parameters for muscle diseases. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050339. [PMID: 38235578 PMCID: PMC10820820 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscular diseases predominantly affect skeletal and cardiac muscle, resulting in muscle weakness, impaired respiratory function and decreased lifespan. These harmful outcomes lead to poor health-related quality of life and carry a high healthcare economic burden. The absence of promising treatments and new therapies for muscular disorders requires new methods for candidate drug identification and advancement in animal models. Consequently, the rapid screening of drug compounds in an animal model that mimics features of human muscle disease is warranted. Zebrafish are a versatile model in preclinical studies that support developmental biology and drug discovery programs for novel chemical entities and repurposing of established drugs. Due to several advantages, there is an increasing number of applications of the zebrafish model for high-throughput drug screening for human disorders and developmental studies. Consequently, standardization of key drug screening parameters, such as animal husbandry protocols, drug compound administration and outcome measures, is paramount for the continued advancement of the model and field. Here, we seek to summarize and explore critical drug treatment and drug screening parameters in the zebrafish-based modeling of human muscle diseases. Through improved standardization and harmonization of drug screening parameters and protocols, we aim to promote more effective drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Karuppasamy
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Katherine G. English
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Clarissa A. Henry
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - M. Chiara Manzini
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - John M. Parant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Melissa A. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Child Neurology, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Avnika A. Ruparelia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peter D. Currie
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vandana A. Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James J. Dowling
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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