Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL-3: A Key Player in Cancer Signaling

Biomarkers of lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: update

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, trailing only behind lung cancer, and stands as the third most prevalent malignant tumor, following lung and breast cancers. The primary cause of mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) stems from distant metastasis. Among the various routes of metastasis in CRC, lymph node metastasis predominates, serving as a pivotal factor in both prognostication and treatment decisions for patients. This intricate cascade of events involves multifaceted molecular mechanisms, highlighting the complexity underlying lymph node metastasis in CRC. The cytokines or proteins involved in lymph node metastasis may represent the most promising lymph node metastasis markers for clinical use. In this review, we aim to consolidate the current understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiology underlying lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC), drawing upon insights from the most recent literatures. We also provide an overview of the latest advancements in comprehending the molecular underpinnings of lymph node metastasis in CRC, along with the potential of innovative targeted therapies. These advancements hold promise for enhancing the prognosis of CRC patients by addressing the challenges posed by lymph node metastasis.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors: a patent review and update (2012-2023)

INTRODUCTION

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), essential and evolutionarily highly conserved enzymes, govern cellular functions by modulating tyrosine phosphorylation, a pivotal post-translational modification for signal transduction. The recent strides in phosphatase drug discovery, leading to the identification of selective modulators for enzymes, restoring interest in the therapeutic targeting of protein phosphatases.

AREAS COVERED

The compilation of patents up to the year 2023 focuses on the efficacy of various classes of Tyrosine phosphatases and their inhibitors, detailing their chemical structure and biochemical characteristics. These findings have broad implications, as they can be applied to treating diverse conditions like cancer, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and neurological diseases. The search for scientific articles and patent literature was conducted using well known different platforms to gather information up to 2023.

EXPERT OPINION

The latest improvements in protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) research include the discovery of new inhibitors targeting specific PTP enzymes, with a focus on developing allosteric site covalent inhibitors for enhanced efficacy and specificity. These advancements have not only opened up new possibilities for therapeutic interventions in various disease conditions but also hold the potential for innovative treatments. PTPs offer promising avenues for drug discovery efforts and innovative treatments across a spectrum of health conditions.