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Rafighi P, Nordberg Karlsson E, Zubaida Gulshan Ara K, Pankratova G, Bollella P, Peterbauer CK, Gorton L. A novel membraneless β-glucan/O 2 enzymatic fuel cell based on β-glucosidase (RmBgl3B)/pyranose dehydrogenase (AmPDH) co-immobilized onto buckypaper electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108254. [PMID: 36122427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A novel membraneless β-glucan/O2 enzymatic fuel cell was developed by combining a bioanode based on buckypaper modified with co-immobilized Agaricus meleagris pyranose dehydrogenase (AmPDH) and Rhodothermus marinus β-glucosidase (RmBgl3B) (RmBgl3B-AmPDH/buckypaper) with a biocathode based on solid graphite modified with Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase (MvBOx/graphite). AmPDH was connected electrochemically with the buckypaper using an osmium redox polymer in a mediated reaction, whereas MvBOx was connected with graphite in a direct electron transfer reaction. The fuel for the bioanode was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of β-glucan by the exoglucanase RmBgl3B into d-glucose, which in turn was enzymatically oxidised by AmPDH to generate a current response. This design allows to obtain an efficient enzymatic fuel cell, where the chemical energy converted into electrical energy is higher than the chemical energy stored in complex carbohydrate based fuel. The maximum power density of the assembled β-glucan/O2 biofuel cell reached 26.3 ± 4.6 μWcm-2 at 0.36 V in phosphate buffer containing 0.5 % (w/v) β-glucan at 40 °C with excellent stability retaining 68.6 % of its initial performance after 5 days. The result confirms that β-glucan can be employed as fuel in an enzymatic biofuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Rafighi
- College of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, P.O. Box 45195-1159, Gava Zang, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | | | - Galina Pankratova
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari A. Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Clemens K Peterbauer
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Sriwaiyaphram K, Punthong P, Sucharitakul J, Wongnate T. Structure and function relationships of sugar oxidases and their potential use in biocatalysis. Enzymes 2020; 47:193-230. [PMID: 32951824 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several sugar oxidases that catalyze the oxidation of sugars have been isolated and characterized. These enzymes can be classified as flavoenzyme due to the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor. Sugar oxidases have been proposed to be the key biocatalyst in biotransformation of carbohydrates which can potentially convert sugars to provide a pool of intermediates for synthesis of rare sugars, fine chemicals and drugs. Moreover, sugar oxidases have been applied in biosensing of various biomolecules in food industries, diagnosis of diseases and environmental pollutant detection. This review provides the discussions on general properties, current mechanistic understanding, structural determination, biocatalytic application, and biosensor integration of representative sugar oxidase enzymes, namely pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O), glucose oxidase (GO), hexose oxidase (HO), and oligosaccharide oxidase. The information regarding the relationship between structure and function of these sugar oxidases points out the key properties of this particular group of enzymes that can be modified by engineering, which had resulted in a remarkable economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokkan Sriwaiyaphram
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Pangrum Punthong
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Jeerus Sucharitakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand.
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Peterbauer CK. Pyranose dehydrogenases: Rare enzymes for electrochemistry and biocatalysis. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 132:107399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sützl L, Foley G, Gillam EMJ, Bodén M, Haltrich D. The GMC superfamily of oxidoreductases revisited: analysis and evolution of fungal GMC oxidoreductases. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 31168323 PMCID: PMC6509819 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) superfamily is a large and functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that share a common structural fold. Fungal members of this superfamily that are characterised and relevant for lignocellulose degradation include aryl-alcohol oxidoreductase, alcohol oxidase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, pyranose dehydrogenase, and pyranose oxidase, which together form family AA3 of the auxiliary activities in the CAZy database of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Overall, little is known about the extant sequence space of these GMC oxidoreductases and their phylogenetic relations. Although some individual forms are well characterised, it is still unclear how they compare in respect of the complete enzyme class and, therefore, also how generalizable are their characteristics. RESULTS To improve the understanding of the GMC superfamily as a whole, we used sequence similarity networks to cluster large numbers of fungal GMC sequences and annotate them according to functionality. Subsequently, different members of the GMC superfamily were analysed in detail with regard to their sequences and phylogeny. This allowed us to define the currently characterised sequence space and show that complete clades of some enzymes have not been studied in any detail to date. Finally, we interpret our results from an evolutionary perspective, where we could show, for example, that pyranose dehydrogenase evolved from aryl-alcohol oxidoreductase after a change in substrate specificity and that the cytochrome domain of cellobiose dehydrogenase was regularly lost during evolution. CONCLUSIONS This study offers new insights into the sequence variation and phylogenetic relationships of fungal GMC/AA3 sequences. Certain clades of these GMC enzymes identified in our phylogenetic analyses are completely uncharacterised to date, and might include enzyme activities of varying specificities and/or activities that are hitherto unstudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Sützl
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral Programme BioToP-Biomolecular Technology of Proteins, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Foley
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mikael Bodén
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral Programme BioToP-Biomolecular Technology of Proteins, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rafighi P, Bollella P, Pankratova G, Peterbauer CK, Conghaile PÓ, Leech D, Haghighi B, Gorton L. Substrate Preference Pattern ofAgaricus meleagrisPyranose Dehydrogenase Evaluated through Bioelectrochemical Flow Injection Amperometry. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Rafighi
- College of ChemistryInstitute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences P.O. Box 45195-1159 Gava Zang, Zanjan Iran
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug TechnologiesSapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Galina Pankratova
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural BiologyLund University PO Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Clemens K. Peterbauer
- BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna Muthgasse 18 A-1190 Wien Austria
| | - Peter Ó Conghaile
- School of Chemistry & Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Dónal Leech
- School of Chemistry & Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Behzad Haghighi
- College of ChemistryInstitute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences P.O. Box 45195-1159 Gava Zang, Zanjan Iran
- Department of Chemistry College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural BiologyLund University PO Box 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
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Chen K, Liu X, Long L, Ding S. Cellobiose dehydrogenase from Volvariella volvacea and its effect on the saccharification of cellulose. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gonaus C, Kittl R, Sygmund C, Haltrich D, Peterbauer C. Transcription analysis of pyranose dehydrogenase from the basidiomycete Agaricus bisporus and characterization of the recombinantly expressed enzyme. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 119:36-44. [PMID: 26616098 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus is a litter degrading basidiomycete commonly found in humic-rich environments. It is used as model organism and cultivated in large scale for food industry. Due to its ecological niche it produces a variety of enzymes for detoxification and degradation of humified plant litter. One of these, pyranose dehydrogenase, is thought to play a role in detoxification and lignocellulose degradation. It is a member of the glucose-methanol-choline family of flavin-dependent enzymes and oxidizes a wide range of sugars with concomitant reduction of electron acceptors like quinones. In this work, transcription of pdh in A. bisporus was investigated with real-time PCR revealing influence of the carbon source on pdh expression levels. The gene was isolated and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. Characterization of the recombinant enzyme showed a higher affinity towards disaccharides compared to other tested pyranose dehydrogenases from related Agariceae. Homology modeling and sequence alignments indicated that two loops of high sequence variability at substrate access site could play an important role in modulating these substrate specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gonaus
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Kittl
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Sygmund
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Peterbauer
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Characterization of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase from a Biotechnologically Important Cerrena unicolor Strain. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1638-58. [PMID: 26003328 PMCID: PMC4515248 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), a secreted flavocytochrome produced by a number of wood-degrading fungi, was detected in the culture supernatant of a biotechnologically important strain of Cerrena unicolor grown in a modified cellulose-based liquid medium. The enzyme was purified as two active fractions: CuCDH-FAD (flavin domain) (1.51-fold) with recovery of 8.35 % and CuCDH (flavo-heme enzyme) (21.21-fold) with recovery of 73.41 %. As CDH from other wood-rotting fungi, the intact form of cellobiose dehydrogenase of C. unicolor is a monomeric protein containing one flavin and one heme b with molecular mass 97 kDa and pI = 4.55. The enzyme is glycosylated (8.2 %) mainly with mannose and glucosamine residues. Moreover, the cellobiose dehydrogenase gene cdh1 and its corresponding cDNA from the fungus C. unicolor were isolated, cloned, and characterized. The 2316-bp full-length cDNA of cdh1 encoded a mature CDH protein containing 771 amino acids preceded by a signal peptide consisting of 18 amino acids. Moreover, both active fractions were characterized in terms of kinetics, temperature and pH optima, and antioxidant properties.
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Krondorfer I, Brugger D, Paukner R, Scheiblbrandner S, Pirker KF, Hofbauer S, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C, Haltrich D, Peterbauer CK. Agaricus meleagris pyranose dehydrogenase: influence of covalent FAD linkage on catalysis and stability. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 558:111-9. [PMID: 25043975 PMCID: PMC4148704 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH) is a monomeric flavoprotein belonging to the glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) family of oxidoreductases. It catalyzes the oxidation of free, non-phosphorylated sugars to the corresponding keto sugars. The enzyme harbors an FAD cofactor that is covalently attached to histidine 103 via an 8α-N(3) histidyl linkage. Our previous work showed that variant H103Y was still able to bind FAD (non-covalently) and perform catalysis but steady-state kinetic parameters for several substrates were negatively affected. In order to investigate the impact of the covalent FAD attachment in Agaricus meleagris PDH in more detail, pre-steady-state kinetics, reduction potential and stability of the variant H103Y in comparison to the wild-type enzyme were probed. Stopped-flow analysis revealed that the mutation slowed down the reductive half-reaction by around three orders of magnitude whereas the oxidative half-reaction was affected only to a minor degree. This was reflected by a decrease in the standard reduction potential of variant H103Y compared to the wild-type protein. The existence of an anionic semiquinone radical in the resting state of both the wild-type and variant H103Y was demonstrated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and suggested a higher mobility of the cofactor in the variant H103Y. Unfolding studies showed significant negative effects of the disruption of the covalent bond on thermal and conformational stability. The results are discussed with respect to the role of covalently bound FAD in catalysis and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Krondorfer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Brugger
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Paukner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Scheiblbrandner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina F Pirker
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens K Peterbauer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Krondorfer I, Lipp K, Brugger D, Staudigl P, Sygmund C, Haltrich D, Peterbauer CK. Engineering of pyranose dehydrogenase for increased oxygen reactivity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91145. [PMID: 24614932 PMCID: PMC3948749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH), a member of the GMC family of flavoproteins, shows a very broad sugar substrate specificity but is limited to a narrow range of electron acceptors and reacts extremely slowly with dioxygen as acceptor. The use of substituted quinones or (organo)metals as electron acceptors is undesirable for many production processes, especially of food ingredients. To improve the oxygen reactivity, site-saturation mutagenesis libraries of twelve amino acids around the active site of Agaricus meleagris PDH were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We established high-throughput screening assays for oxygen reactivity and standard dehydrogenase activity using an indirect Amplex Red/horseradish peroxidase and a DCIP/D-glucose based approach. The low number of active clones confirmed the catalytic role of H512 and H556. Only one position was found to display increased oxygen reactivity. Histidine 103, carrying the covalently linked FAD cofactor in the wild-type, was substituted by tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine. Variant H103Y was produced in Pichia pastoris and characterized and revealed a five-fold increase of the oxygen reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Krondorfer
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Lipp
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt – Campus Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - Dagmar Brugger
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Staudigl
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Sygmund
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens K. Peterbauer
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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