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Hong SH, Lee KS, Hwang HJ, Park SY, Han WK, Yoon YE. Synergic Effect of Metformin and Everolimus on Mitochondrial Dynamics of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071211. [PMID: 35885994 PMCID: PMC9319793 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently recurs or metastasizes after surgical resection. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, is used as a second-line treatment, but the response of RCC to everolimus is insufficient. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug; recent reports have indicated its anti-cancer effects in various cancers, and it is known to have synergistic effects with other drugs. We investigated the possibility of coadministering everolimus and metformin as an effective treatment for RCC. RCC cells treated with a combination of the two drugs showed significantly inhibited cell viability, cell migration, and invasion, and increased apoptosis compared to those treated with each drug alone. An anti-cancer synergistic effect was also confirmed in the xenograft model. Transcriptome analysis for identifying the underlying mechanism of the combined treatment showed the downregulation of mitochondrial fusion genes and upregulation of mitochondrial fission genes by the combination treatment. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics following the combination treatment were observed using LysoTracker, LysoSensor, and JC-1 staining. In conclusion, the combination of everolimus and metformin inhibited RCC growth by disrupting mitochondrial dynamics. Therefore, we suggest that a treatment combining metformin and everolimus disrupts mitochondrial dynamics in RCC, and may be a novel strategy for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hwi Hong
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Kwang-Suk Lee
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Ji Hwang
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sung-Yul Park
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Woong-Kyu Han
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (W.-K.H.); (Y.-E.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-2310 (W.-K.H.); +82-2-2290-8593 (Y.-E.Y.); Fax: +82-2-312-2538 (W.-K.H.); +82-2-2299-2186 (Y.-E.Y.)
| | - Young-Eun Yoon
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University Graduate School, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-K.H.); (Y.-E.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-2310 (W.-K.H.); +82-2-2290-8593 (Y.-E.Y.); Fax: +82-2-312-2538 (W.-K.H.); +82-2-2299-2186 (Y.-E.Y.)
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2
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Zhang L, Luo X, Qiao S. METTL14-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of Pten mRNA inhibits tumour progression in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:30-42. [PMID: 35249103 PMCID: PMC9276773 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the leading causes of tumour-related death worldwide. Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) is reported to regulate m6A modification in cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of METTL14 in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were used to detect the expression of METTL14 and Pten. METTL14 overexpression or knockdown was used in the in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the biological functions of METTL14. m6A-RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the m6A modification mediated by METTL14. RESULTS METTL14 expression was significantly down-regulated in ccRCC tissues. Functionally, upregulation of METTL14 inhibited ccRCC cells proliferation and migration in vitro. METTL14 overexpression significantly inhibited the activation of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathway. Furthermore, phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (Pten) is a target of METTL14. Overexpression of METTL14 increased the m6A enrichment of Pten, and promoted Pten expression. METTL14-enhanced Pten mRNA stability was dependent on YTHDF1. CONCLUSIONS METTL14-mediated m6A modification of Pten mRNA inhibited tumour progression, suggesting that METTL14 might be a potential prognostic biomarker and effective therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563003 Zunyi, P. R. China ,grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, 563003 Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, 563003 Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563003, Zunyi, P. R. China. .,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, 563003, Zunyi, P. R. China.
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Fatima MT, Hasan M, Abdelsalam SS, Sivaraman SK, El-Gamal H, Zahid MA, Elrayess MA, Korashy HM, Zeidan A, Parray AS, Agouni A. Sestrin2 suppression aggravates oxidative stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells subjected to pharmacologically induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174247. [PMID: 34116045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an inflammatory response that contributes to endothelial cell dysfunction, a hallmark of cardiovascular diseases, in close interplay with oxidative stress. Recently, Sestrin2 (SESN2) emerged as a novel stress-inducible protein protecting cells from oxidative stress. We investigated here, for the first time, the impact of SESN2 suppression on oxidative stress and cell survival in human endothelial cells subjected to pharmacologically (thapsigargin)-induced ER stress and studied the underlying cellular pathways. We found that SESN2 silencing, though did not specifically induce ER stress, it aggravated the effects of thapsigargin-induced ER stress on oxidative stress and cell survival. This was associated with a dysregulation of Nrf-2, AMPK and mTORC1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, SESN2 silencing aggravated, in an additive manner, apoptosis caused by thapsigargin. Importantly, SESN2 silencing, unlike thapsigargin, caused a dramatic decrease in protein expression and phosphorylation of Akt, a critical pro-survival hub and component of the AMPK/Akt/mTORC1 axis. Our findings suggest that patients with conditions characterized by ER stress activation, such as diabetes, may be at higher risk for cardiovascular complications if their endogenous ability to stimulate and/or maintain expression levels of SESN2 is disturbed or impaired. Therefore, identifying novel or repurposing existing pharmacotherapies to enhance and/or maintain SESN2 expression levels would be beneficial in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza T Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maram Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahenda S Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Siveen K Sivaraman
- Interim Translational Research Insititute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heba El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad A Zahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aijaz S Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Office of Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Drug Repurposing to Identify a Synergistic High-Order Drug Combination to Treat Sunitinib-Resistant Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163978. [PMID: 34439134 PMCID: PMC8391235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, drug combination screening was used to design a multidrug combination consisting of repurposed drugs to treat sunitinib-resistant clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In the frame of this project, the multidrug combination has been optimized and validated and an insight into the mechanism of action is given. The multidrug combinations significantly altered the transcription of genes related to apoptosis and metabolic pathways. Further analysis of the metabolism revealed strong upregulation of the presence of sphingolipids after multidrug combination treatment. Final evaluation for translation of the multidrug combination in ex vivo organoid-like cultures demonstrated significant anti-cancer efficacy. Abstract Repurposed drugs have been evaluated for the management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but only a few have influenced the overall survival of patients with advanced disease. To combine repurposed non-oncology with oncological drugs, we applied our validated phenotypic method, which consisted of a reduced experimental part and data modeling. A synergistic optimized multidrug combination (ODC) was identified to significantly reduce the energy levels in cancer remaining inactive in non-cancerous cells. The ODC consisted of Rapta-C, erlotinib, metformin and parthenolide and low doses. Molecular and functional analysis of ODC revealed a loss of adhesiveness and induction of apoptosis. Gene-expression network analysis displayed significant alterations in the cellular metabolism, confirmed by LC-MS based metabolomic analysis, highlighting significant changes in the lipid classes. We used heterotypic in vitro 3D co-cultures and ex vivo organoids to validate the activity of the ODC, maintaining an efficacy of over 70%. Our results show that repurposed drugs can be combined to target cancer cells selectively with prominent activity. The strong impact on cell adherence and metabolism indicates a favorable mechanism of action of the ODC to treat ccRCC.
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Xu A, Lee J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li X, Xu P. Potential effect of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in melanoma cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:548-562. [PMID: 34269008 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been recognized as a potential anti-tumor agent in recent years. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as the dominant catechin in green tea, is another promising adjuvant agent for tumor prevention. In the present work, the potential effect of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in a mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10) was investigated. Results indicated that EGCG and metformin exhibited a synergistic effect on cell viability, migration, and proliferation, as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/nuclear factor-κB (STAT3/NF-κB) pathway signaling and the production of inflammation cytokines. Meanwhile, the combination showed an antagonistic effect on cell apoptosis and oxidative stress levels. The combination of EGCG and metformin also differentially affected the nucleus (synergism) and cytoplasm (antagonism) of B16F10 cells. Our findings provide new insight into the potential effects of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- An'an Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jeehyun Lee
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueling Zhao
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Fiala O, Ostašov P, Rozsypalová A, Hora M, Šorejs O, Šustr J, Bendová B, Trávníček I, Filipovský J, Fínek J, Büchler T. Metformin Use and the Outcome of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Sunitinib or Pazopanib. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4077-4086. [PMID: 34054309 PMCID: PMC8153069 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s305321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anticancer properties of metformin have been suggested in numerous experimental studies and several retrospective clinical studies show that its use is associated with improved outcome of patients with cancer. However, limited data are available for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with targeted therapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of the metformin use on survival of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib. Methods Clinical data from 343 patients with mRCC treated with sunitinib or pazopanib in the first line were analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared according to the use of metformin. Results The median PFS and OS for patients using metformin was 31.1 (95% CI 20.6–35.1) and 51.6 (95% CI 44.7-NR) months compared to 9.3 (95% CI 8.0–12.0) and 22.4 (95% CI 19.4–26.8) months for patients not using metformin (p<0.0001 and p=0.0002, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis shows that the use of metformin remains a significant factor for PFS (HR=0.55 [95% CI 0.343–0.883], p=0.013) and also for OS (HR=0.45 [95% CI 0.256–0.794], p=0.006). Conclusion The present study results suggest that the use of metformin was associated with favorable outcome of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Fiala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ostašov
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Rozsypalová
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hora
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šorejs
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šustr
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Bendová
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Trávníček
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filipovský
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fínek
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Büchler
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Effect of metformin on irinotecan-induced cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2021; 15:34-41. [PMID: 34548861 PMCID: PMC8434841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and found to have a crucial rule in the induction of apoptosis in several cancer types including pancreatic cell carcinoma, epithelial ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. In this study, we propose to explore the potential role of metformin as an adjuvant of irinotecan to target colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, exploring the effects underlying the anticancer properties of metformin on CRC cell lines. METHODS HCT116 and SW480 cell lines were treated with metformin, irinotecan and their combination. The effect of metformin on cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Flow cytometry technique was used to analyze apoptosis and cell cycle progression. While, detection of protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Metformin was found to inhibit growth in both HCT1116 and SW480 cell lines. On combination with irinotecan, it has been revealed that metformin sensitized CRC cells to irinotecan-induced cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry analysis showed that metformin did not induce apoptosis, but blocked cell cycle in G1 and S phases. This blockage was accompanied by decreased cyclin E and Cdk2 levels and increased p21 level. CONCLUSION Combination of metformin with irinotecan may be an effective treatment strategy for targeting colorectal cancer that are resistant to irinotecan monotherapy.
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Diab RT, Abdel-Sami ZK, Abdel-Aal EH, Al-Karmalawy AA, Abo-Dya NE. Design and synthesis of a new series of 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-oxadiazoles as potential colchicine binding site inhibitors: antiproliferative activity, molecular docking, and SAR studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel oxadiazole candidates as potential colchicine binding site inhibitors: antiproliferative activity, molecular docking, and sar studie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana T. Diab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Zakaria K. Abdel-Sami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Eatedal H. Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Nader E. Abo-Dya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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Molecular Protein and Expression Profile in the Primary Tumors of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma and Metastases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071680. [PMID: 32668608 PMCID: PMC7408457 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis involves the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to surrounding tissues and distant organs and is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was the determination of change in molecular factors expression in primary kidney cancers (ccRCC) and metastatic sites. In total, 62 patients with RCC were enrolled in the study. The mRNA levels of molecular markers were studied by real-time PCR, and the content of the studied parameters was determined by Western blotting and ELISA. The features in the intracellular signal metabolites in the series of normal renal parenchyma, tumor tissue of localized, disseminated kidney cancer and metastatic tissue were studied. A decrease in some indicators in the tissue of the metastatic lesion was noted. Protein products of transcription factors HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN and activated AKT kinase, as well as expression of the VEGFR2 receptor and m-TOR protein kinase were revealed to be reduced in the metastatic sites. In addition, some indicators increased in metastasis: the protein levels of NF-κB p 50, NF-κB p 65, HIF-2, VEGF, VEGFR2, m-TOR and mRNA of HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN and PDK. There were indicators with multidirectional changes. HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN, VEGFR2 and m-TOR mRNA: VEGFR2, m-TOR, HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN and PDK had an opposite change in protein content and mRNA level. PTEN loss resulted in the downstream activation of AKT/mTOR signaling in secondary cancer lesions and determined the overall ccRCC patient's survival. The AKT/mTOR signaling cascade activation was found in the primary kidney tumors. The PTEN content and mRNA level were correlated with total AKT, GSK-3β, the 70S 6 kinases and AKT expression.
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10
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Pan Q, Lu X, Zhao C, Liao S, Chen X, Guo F, Yang C, Liu HF. Metformin: the updated protective property in kidney disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8742-8759. [PMID: 32364526 PMCID: PMC7244070 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a frontline hypoglycemic agent, which is mainly prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that metformin also exerts protective effects against various kidney diseases. Some postulate that kidney disease is actually a metabolic disease, accompanied by nonresolving pathophysiologic pathways controlling oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, fibrosis, and senescence, as well as insufficient host defense mechanisms such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and autophagy. Metformin may interfere with these pathways by orchestrating AMPK signaling and AMPK-independent pathways to protect the kidneys from injury. Furthermore, the United States Food and Drug Administration declared metformin is safe for patients with mild or moderate kidney impairment in 2016, assuaging some conservative attitudes about metformin management in patients with renal insufficiency and broadening the scope of research on the renal protective effects of metformin. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which metformin imparts renal protection and its potential in the treatment of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
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11
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Chen K, Li Y, Guo Z, Zeng Y, Zhang W, Wang H. Metformin: current clinical applications in nondiabetic patients with cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3993-4009. [PMID: 32074084 PMCID: PMC7066888 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most commonly used first-line oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Multiple observational studies, reviewed in numerous systematic reviews, have shown that metformin treatment may not only reduce the risk of cancer but may also improve the efficacy of cancer treatment in diabetic patients. Recent studies have been conducted to determine whether a similar protective effect can be demonstrated in nondiabetic cancer patients. However, the results are controversial. The potential optimal dose, schedule, and duration of metformin treatment and the heterogeneity of histological subtypes and genotypes among cancer patients might contribute to the different clinical benefits. In addition, as the immune property of metformin was investigated, further studies of the immunomodulatory effect of metformin on cancer cells should also be taken into account to optimize its clinical use. In this review, we present and discuss the latest findings regarding the anticancer potential of metformin in nondiabetic patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P.R. China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis-Treatment and Application of Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
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Microparticles as Potential Mediators of High Glucose-Induced Renal Cell Injury. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080348. [PMID: 31390845 PMCID: PMC6723350 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Activation of signaling pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are thought to play a significant role in the etiology of DN. Microparticles (MPs), the small membrane vesicles containing bioactive signals shed by cells upon activation or during apoptosis, are elevated in diabetes and were identified as biomarkers in DN. However, their exact role in the pathophysiology of DN remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of MPs shed from renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) exposed to high glucose conditions on naïve RPTCs in vitro. Our results showed significant increases in the levels of phosphorylated forms of 4E-binding protein 1 and ERK1/2 (the downstream targets of mTOR and ERK pathways), phosphorylated-eIF2α (an ER stress marker), alpha smooth muscle actin (an EMT marker), and phosphorylated-SMAD2 and nuclear translocation of SMAD4 (markers of TGF-β signaling). Together, our findings indicate that MPs activate key signaling pathways in RPTCs under high glucose conditions. Pharmacological interventions to inhibit shedding of MPs from RPTCs might serve as an effective strategy to prevent the progression of DN.
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