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Feng M, Zhou S, Liu T, Yu Y, Su Q, Li X, Zhang M, Xie X, Liu T, Lin W. Association Between Interleukin 35 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and the Uveitis Immune Status in a Chinese Han Population. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758554. [PMID: 34950136 PMCID: PMC8688856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is characterized by immune disorders of the eyes and the whole body and is often recurrent in young adults, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. IL-35 is an essential regulatory factor in many autoimmune diseases, which is produced by Breg cells and can induce Breg cells to regulate the immune response. The relationship between the expression and gene polymorphism of IL-35 and the immune status of patients with autoimmune uveitis has not been reported. The peripheral blood of the subjects was collected from patients with Behçet’s Disease (BD) and those with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) syndrome. The percentage of immune cell subsets including B cells, DC, and T cells, and the expression of IL-35 in serum of these two kinds of disease were analyzed. And then, the associations between seven IL-35 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites and disease susceptibility, the immune status, the clinical characteristics, and the serum IL-35 levels were analyzed. Our results showed that the percentage of Breg cells was significantly decreased in the blood of patients with VKH syndrome compared to that of healthy controls. The levels of IL-35 in the serum of patients with VKH syndrome or BD patients were not changed significantly, compared to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, the associations between two subunits of IL-35 (IL-12p35 and EBI3) and BD or VKH patients were analyzed. We found that there was an association between the EBI3 rs428253 and the occurrence of BD. There was an association between the IL-12p35 rs2243131 and the low level of Breg cell of VKH patients. In addition, there were associations between the polymorphisms of EBI3 rs4740 and the occurrence of headache and tinnitus of VKH patients, respectively. And the genotype frequency of IL-12p35 rs2243115 was related to the concentration of serum IL-35 in patients with VKH syndrome. Thus, the specific SNP sites change of IL-35 were correlated to the immune disorders in uveitis. And they may also play a guiding role in the occurrence of clinical symptoms in patients with uveitis, especially for VKH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Feng
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Tibet Nationalities University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yong Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghong Su
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Tibet Nationalities University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiao Xie
- Ophthalmology Department, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Ye C, Yano H, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Interleukin-35: Structure, Function and Its Impact on Immune-Related Diseases. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:391-406. [PMID: 34788131 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses is maintained through immunoregulatory cell populations and immunosuppressive cytokines. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), an inhibitory cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 family, is capable of potently suppressing T cell proliferation and inducing IL-35-producing induced regulatory T cells (iTr35) to limit inflammatory responses. Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have indicated that IL-35 plays an important role in controlling immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology of IL-35 and its contribution in different diseases, and we discuss the potential of and barriers to harnessing IL-35 as a clinical biomarker or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Serum levels and genetic variation of IL-35 are associated with multiple sclerosis: a population-based case-control study. Immunol Res 2021; 70:75-85. [PMID: 34708312 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels and polymorphic variants of IL-35 with susceptibility, clinical features, and disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.This case-control study recruited 186 MS patients and 195 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Serum levels and polymorphic variants of IL-35 were determined by ELISA and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR or high resolution melting (HRM) analysis methods, respectively. In addition, by in silico analysis, we evaluated the location and function of the polymorphism.Serum levels of IL-35 were significantly lower in the patients than those of healthy controls (49.3 ± 3.7 vs. 69.5 ± 7.8, p = 0.009). EBI3 rs4740 polymorphism of IL-35 was associated with 2.2-fold increased risk of MS susceptibility (95% CI, 1.3-3.9, p = 0.005). However, there were no differences in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of IL-35 rs568408 between the patients and controls (p > 0.05). In silico results showed that variation in IL-12A and EBI3 may affect on protein pathways of the cells and different components of the immune system such as NF-κB and INF-γ.The results show that IL-35 polymorphisms might be a genetic risk factor for the development of MS.
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Xie Q, Xu WD, Pan M, Lan YY, Liu XY, Su LC, Huang AF. Association of IL-35 expression and gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107231. [PMID: 33307515 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35 is the newest member of the IL-12 family. It is expressed in many immune cells and has been recognized as a novel inflammatory cytokine that may have bifunctional properties. Recent findings have indicated that the expression of IL-35 is abnormal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, the results were inconsistent. In this study, 400 RA patients were recruited to evaluate serum levels of IL-35 in a Chinese Han population by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association of IL-35 gene polymorphisms and RA genetic susceptibility was investigated in 400 RA patients and 612 healthy controls. The results showed that serum levels of IL-35 were elevated in 100 RA patients compared to 51 healthy controls, relating to disease activity and synovial fluid IL-35 expression in the training cohort. Another independent 300 RA patients and 369 other rheumatic disease patients (98 lupus, 95 osteoarthritis, 95 gout, 42 Sjogren's syndrome and 39 ankylosing spondylitis patients) confirmed that serum levels of IL-35 were elevated in RA patients, and serum IL-35 has good diagnostic ability for differentiating RA from the other rheumatic diseases. The genotyping of 10 IL-35 polymorphisms, including rs2227314, rs2243115, rs2243123, rs2243131, rs568408, rs583911, rs428253, rs4740, rs9807813 and rs4905, revealed that rs2227314, rs2243131, rs9807813, and rs583911 were correlated with RA risk. Different genotypes (rs2227314, rs583911, and rs9807813) exhibited different expression of IL-35. These findings demonstrate that serum levels of IL-35 are increased in RA patients and that IL-35 polymorphisms are correlated with RA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Min Pan
- Jiangyang Zone for Disease Prevention and Control, 34 Jiangyang south road, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Yu Lan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin-Chong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-35 subunit genes predict host susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection among Iraqi patients. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Interleukin-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus among Iraqi patients. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Wang XS, Cao F, Zhang Y, Pan HF. Therapeutic potential of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in autoimmunity. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:63-81. [PMID: 31617124 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a type of transcriptional factor, is widely expressed in immune cells. The activation of AhR signaling pathway depends on its ligands, which exist in environment and can also be produced by metabolism. Normal expressions of AhR and AhR-mediated signaling may be essential for immune responses, and effects of AhR signaling on the development and function of innate and adaptive immune cells have also been revealed in previous studies. Recent studies also indicate that aberrant AhR signaling may be related to autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune uveitis (AU), autoimmune diabetes, Behcet's disease (BD) and myasthenia gravis (MG). Moreover, administration of AhR ligands or drugs has been proven effective for improving pathological outcomes in some autoimmune diseases or models. In this review, we summarize the effects of AhR on several innate and adaptive immune cells associated with autoimmunity, and the mechanism on how AhR participates in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we also discuss therapeutic potential and application prospect of AhR in autoimmune diseases, so as to provide valuable information for exploring novel and effective approaches to autoimmune disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Anhui Women and Child Health Care Hospital, 15 Yimin Street, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Wang JB, Li J, Zhang TP, Lv TT, Li LJ, Wu J, Leng RX, Fan YG, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Expression of several long noncoding RNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:430-436. [PMID: 31563860 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence has linked long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to detect the expression levels of five lncRNAs (lnc0640, lnc3643, lnc5150, lnc7514 and lncagf) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as their correlation with clinical and laboratory features. MATERIALS/METHODS We recruited 76 patients with SLE and 71 normal controls into the present study, and obtained PBMCs from the blood samples of all study subjects. Expression levels of lncRNAs were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and their associations with clinical and laboratory characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Lnc5150 expression levels were statistically significantly decreased (Z=-6.016, P < 0.001) compared with normal controls. Lnc3643 levels were also statistically significantly decreased in SLE patients with proteinuria compared with those without (Z=-2.934, P = 0.003), and the lnc7514 levels were statistically significantly lower in anti-dsDNA(+) patients compared with anti-dsDNA(-) patients. The expression levels of lnc3643 were correlated with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lnc7514 was correlated with disease activity and ESR (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The aberrant lncRNA expression levels and their associations with laboratory features in SLE suggest their important role in SLE pathogenesis.
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