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Chen Y, Li D, Xu Y, Lu Z, Luo Z. 5-Azacytidine accelerates mandarin fruit post-ripening and enhances lignin-based pathogen defense through remarkable gene expression activation. Food Chem 2024; 458:140261. [PMID: 38964094 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
5-Azacytidine (AZ) is a DNA methylation inhibitor that has recently demonstrated potential in regulating fruit quality through exogenous application. In this study, we treated mandarin fruits for 4-day storage. Noteworthy were the induced degreening and the enhanced citrus aroma of fruits under AZ treatment, involving the promotion of chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid biosynthesis, and limonene biosynthesis. Key genes associated with these processes exhibited expression level increases of up to 123.8 times. Additionally, AZ treatment activated defense-related enzymes and altered phenylpropanoid carbon allocation towards lignin biosynthesis instead of flavonoid biosynthesis. The expression levels of lignin biosynthesis-related genes increased by nearly 100 times, leading to fortified lignin that is crucial for citrus defense against Penicillium italicum. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of such intense AZ-induced changes in gene expressions remain unclear and further research could help establish AZ treatment as a viable strategy for citrus preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Dhanasekaran S, Liang L, Gurusamy S, Yang Q, Zhang H. Chitosan stabilized lemon essential oil nanoemulsion controls black mold rot and maintains quality of table grapes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134251. [PMID: 39084429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus carbonarius infection leads to black mold rot in table grapes, causes grape decay, reduces fruit quality and marketability, which produces significant economic losses. This study investigated the antifungal efficacy of chitosan-stabilized lemon essential oil nanoemulsion (LO-CNE) against A. carbonarius and black mold rot of table grapes. LO-CNE was prepared with a mean diameter of 130.01 ± 8.34 nm. LO-CNE exhibited superior antifungal activity, reduced spore germination and germ tube elongation, decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities in A. carbonarius; the minimal inhibitory concentration of LO-CNE was determined to be 30 mg/mL. LO-CNE reduced the occurrence of black mold rot by 63 % and lesion diameter by 56.78 % in table grapes compared to the control. At their peak activity level, the grapes treated with LO-CNE exhibited significantly enhanced antioxidant and defense-related enzyme activities. Specifically, polyphenol oxidase activity increased by 2.27-fold, peroxidase activity by 2.22-fold, superoxide dismutase activity by 0.68-fold, catalase activity by 1.61-fold, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity by 3.38-fold, and ascorbate peroxidase activity by 2.36-fold. The LO-CNE application reduced natural decay by 95 %, weight loss by 15 % compared to the control, and effectively maintained the quality parameters of table grapes. Therefore, LO-CNE can be considered an alternative disease-control agent for grape preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solairaj Dhanasekaran
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sivaprakash Gurusamy
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Souza EJDD, Kringel DH, Lima Costa IHD, Hackbart HCDS, Cantillano RFF, Ueno B, Dias ARG, Zavareze EDR. Antifungal potential of essential oils from different botanical sources against Penicillium digitatum: chemical composition and antifungal mechanisms of action by direct contact and volatile. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39295586 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2405865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Fungal deterioration is a recurring problem in citrus fruits, and the search for natural preservatives has been widely publicised. Therefore, the in vitro antifungal activity of clove, white thyme, tea tree, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus staigeriana, green mandarin, sicilian lemon, sweet orange, and bergamot essential oils (EO's) was evaluated against the mycelial growth of Penicillium digitatum isolated from contaminated citrus fruits, by direct contact and volatiles action. In addition, the chemical composition and volatile compounds of the EO's were evaluated by gas chromatography. Clove, white thyme, and Eucalyptus citriodora EO's inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth of P. digitatum by direct contact and volatile action at concentrations ≤ 2 µL/mL. On the other hand, EO's from citrus sources could not inhibit 100% of mycelial growth by any mechanism of action. Thus, the clove, thyme, and Eucalyptus citriodora EO's are promising for developing new ecologically correct products for controlling phytopathogens in citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianini Hüttner Kringel
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bernardo Ueno
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Brazil
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Liñán-Atero R, Aghababaei F, García SR, Hasiri Z, Ziogkas D, Moreno A, Hadidi M. Clove Essential Oil: Chemical Profile, Biological Activities, Encapsulation Strategies, and Food Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:488. [PMID: 38671935 PMCID: PMC11047511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants have proven to be important sources for discovering new compounds that are useful in the treatment of various diseases due to their phytoconstituents. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), an aromatic plant widely cultivated around the world, has been traditionally used for food preservation and medicinal purposes. In particular, clove essential oil (CEO) has attracted attention for containing various bioactive compounds, such as phenolics (eugenol and eugenol acetate), terpenes (β-caryophyllene and α-humulene), and hydrocarbons. These constituents have found applications in cosmetics, food, and medicine industries due to their bioactivity. Pharmacologically, CEO has been tested against a variety of parasites and pathogenic microorganisms, demonstrating antibacterial and antifungal properties. Additionally, many studies have also demonstrated the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory effects of this essential oil. However, CEO could degrade for different reasons, impacting its quality and bioactivity. To address this challenge, encapsulation is viewed as a promising strategy that could prolong the shelf life of CEO, improving its physicochemical stability and application in various areas. This review examines the phytochemical composition and biological activities of CEO and its constituents, as well as extraction methods to obtain it. Moreover, encapsulation strategies for CEO and numerous applications in different food fields are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Liñán-Atero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
| | | | - Samuel Rodríguez García
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zahra Hasiri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
| | - Dimitrios Ziogkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Andres Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.L.-A.); (S.R.G.); (D.Z.)
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Zhou T, Pan J, Wang J, Yu Q, Zhang P, Lai T. Inhibitory Properties of Cinnamon Bark Oil against Postharvest Pathogen Penicillium digitatum In Vitro. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:249. [PMID: 38667920 PMCID: PMC11051492 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is a major postharvest pathogen that threatens the global citrus fruit industry and causes great economic losses annually. In the present study, inhibitory properties of cinnamon bark oil (CBO) against P. digitatum in vitro were investigated. Results indicated that 0.03% CBO could efficiently inhibit the spore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth, colonial expansion and conidial accumulation of P. digitatum. The results of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and MitoTraker Orange (MTO) staining also proved the suppression effects of CBO against P. digitatum. Meanwhile, CBO could inhibit green mold rots induced by P. digitatum in citrus fruit when the working concentration of CBO exceeded 0.06%. In addition, the expressions of 12 genes critical for the growth and virulence of P. digitatum were also significantly regulated under CBO stress. Through a transcriptomic analysis, a total of 1802 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in P. digitatum after 4 h and 8 h of CBO treatment. Most of the DEG products were associated with carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolism. They directly or indirectly led to the disturbance of the membrane and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results may deepen the understanding of antifungal properties of CBO against P. digitatum and provide the theoretical foundation to uncover the antifungal mechanism of CBO at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tongfei Lai
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; (T.Z.); (J.P.); (Q.Y.); (P.Z.)
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Iglesias-Guevara D, Sánchez-Torres P. Characterization of antifungal properties of avocado leaves and majagua flowers extracts and their potential application to control Alternaria alternata. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110579. [PMID: 38277871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant extracts are used as an alternative to a wide range of foods against different types of fungal pathogens. In the present study, the extracts of avocado leaves (Persea americana) and majagua flowers (Talipariti elatum) were tested according to their antifungal activity against different fungi. The most promising extracts were those of majagua flowers that were applied lyophilized and in aqueous extract, being very effective against Alternaria alternata and reaching a 50 % in vitro reduction. Antifungal properties were also evaluated during infection of apples by A. alternata. A decrease in infection progression was confirmed with up to a 30 % reduction in disease incidence and a 20 % reduction in disease severity. Majagua extracts were also tested combined with edible pectin coatings, greatly increasing their effectiveness up 60 % reduction. Thus, extracts of majagua could provide a feasible alternative to control fungal pathogens during postharvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairon Iglesias-Guevara
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy and Food (IFAL), Havana University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Torres
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Liu L, Jin Y, Chen M, Lian H, Liu Y, Yin Q, Wang H. A Study of Soil-Borne Fusarium Wilt in Continuous Cropping Chrysanthemum Cultivar 'Guangyu' in Henan, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:14. [PMID: 38248924 PMCID: PMC10820174 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cut chrysanthemum, known as a highly favored floral choice globally, experiences a significant decline in production due to continuous cropping. The adverse physiological effects on cut chrysanthemums result from the degradation of a soil's physical and chemical properties, coupled with the proliferation of pathogens. The "Guangyu" cultivar in Xinxiang, Henan Province, China, has been specifically influenced by these effects. First, the precise pathogen accountable for wilt disease was effectively identified and validated in this study. An analysis was then conducted to examine the invasion pattern of the pathogen and the physiological response of chrysanthemum. Finally, the PacBio platform was employed to investigate the dynamic alterations in the microbial community within the soil rhizosphere by comparing the effects of 7 years of monocropping with the first year. Findings indicated that Fusarium solani was the primary causative agent responsible for wilt disease, because it possesses the ability to invade and establish colonies in plant roots, leading to alterations in various physiological parameters of plants. Continuous cropping significantly disturbed the microbial community composition, potentially acting as an additional influential factor in the advancement of wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hailei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (L.L.)
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Soleimani H, Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R, Ghanadian M, Karami A, Cacciola SO. Defense Mechanisms Induced by Celery Seed Essential Oil against Powdery Mildew Incited by Podosphaera fusca in Cucumber. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:17. [PMID: 38248927 PMCID: PMC10817264 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of essential oil extracted from celery (Apium graveolens) seeds (CSEO) for the control of powdery mildew of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) incited by Podosphaera fusca and to investigate the metabolic and genetic defense mechanisms triggered by the treatment with this essential oil in cucumber seedlings. The main compounds in the CSEO as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were d-limonene, 3-butyl phthalide, β-selinene, and mandelic acid. The treatment with CSEO led to an increase in the content of both chlorophyll and phenolic/flavonoid compounds in cucumber leaves. In greenhouse tests, the application of CSEO reduced by 60% the disease severity on leaves of cucumber plants and stimulated the activity of defense-related enzymes such as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. Moreover, treatment with CSEO induced overexpression of β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes. A highly significant correlation was found between the β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymatic activities and the relative expression of the corresponding encoding genes in both inoculated and non-inoculated cucumber seedlings treated with the essential oil. Overall, this study showed that CSEO is a promising eco-friendly candidate fungicide that can be exploited to control cucumber powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Soleimani
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144113131, Iran;
| | | | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Akbar Karami
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144113131, Iran;
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Xu X, Wu A, Guo L, Kuang H, Xu L, Xu C, Liu L. Gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of imazalil. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 9:123-131. [PMID: 37823288 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00371j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Imazalil (IMZ) is a commonly used fungicide for controlling fungus in agriculture, leaving residual IMZ in crops that could be hazardous to human health. In this work, we designed IMZ haptens for mice immunization and prepared sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) against IMZ. The subtype of anti-IMZ mAb is IgG2a. It possessed a half inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.95 ng mL-1 and showed no cross-reactivity against other chemicals in ic-ELISA. Taking advantage of the mAb, we developed a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (GICA) for the rapid detection of IMZ in grapes and tomatoes. The assay gave a visual limit of detection (vLOD) of 25 ng g-1 and cut-off value of 500 ng g-1 in both samples. According to the calibration curves, the calculated LOD were 4.12 ng g-1 and 4.70 ng g-1 in grapes and tomatoes, respectively. The recovery rates of IMZ ranged from 84.7% to 104.4% with variation coefficients (CVs) of 5.7-11.8% in spiked samples, indicating a potent practicability of the GICA. The whole GICA process took 30 min. Therefore, the developed assay can be used for on-site detection and quantitation of IMZ in grape and tomato samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Aihong Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Guo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liguang Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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Gao L, Kumaravel K, Xiong Q, Liang Y, Ju Z, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Actinomycins produced by endophyte Streptomyces sp. GLL-9 from navel orange plant exhibit high antimicrobial effect against Xanthomonas citri susp. citri and Penicillium italicum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4679-4693. [PMID: 37450767 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus canker and citrus blue mold are two severe diseases in citrus plants, which are mainly caused by Xanthomonas citri susp. citri (Xcc) and Penicillium italicum, respectively. The currently widely used pesticides for these two diseases are harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, searching for novel antimicrobial agents, especially from natural resources, is getting increasing interest. RESULTS In this study, the crude extract of Streptomyces sp. GLL-9, an endophyte from a navel orange tree, was found to exhibit excellent antimicrobial effects against Xcc and P. italicum. Bioassay-guided isolation led to the discovery of three actinomycins (Acts), actinomycin X2 (Act-X2 ), actinomycin D (ActD), and actinomycin XOβ (Act-XOβ ). The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of Act-X2 , ActD, and Act-XOβ were 31.25, 62.50, and 62.50 μg mL-1 against Xcc, respectively, while 62.50 (Act-X2 ) and 125.00 μg mL-1 (ActD) against P. italicum, being better or comparable to the positive controls. The highest yield of Acts was obtained by solid-state fermentation with rice containing 1% L-tryptophan as a culture medium, being 6.03, 3.07, and 1.02 mg g-1 , for Act-X2 , ActD, and Act-XOβ , respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. GLL-9 cultivated under the optimal fermentation conditions (EAE-1) can efficiently control these two citrus diseases by excessively producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both pathogens, damaging the cell membranes of P. italicum, and inhibiting the growth of Xcc. In addition, Act-X2 , ActD, and EAE-1 displayed broad-spectrum antifungal activity. CONCLUSION EAE-1 and Acts produced by Streptomyces sp. GLL-9 have high potential as novel antimicrobial agents against plant pathogens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Kaliaperumal Kumaravel
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Qin Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiran Ju
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
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Et-tazy L, Lamiri A, Satia L, Essahli M, Krimi Bencheqroun S. In Vitro Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Four Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds against Post-Harvest Fungi Associated with Chickpea in Storage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3587. [PMID: 37896050 PMCID: PMC10610340 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal and antioxidant properties of essential oils (EOs) derived from four plants were assessed in vitro: Rosmarinus officinalis, Myrtus communis, Origanum compactum, and Eugenia aromatica. These plants are renowned for their diverse biological activities. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and TAC tests. Antifungal activity was tested against four postharvest pathogens associated with chickpea in storage: Fusarium culmorum, Rhizopus oryzae, Penicillium italicum, and Aspergillus niger, using the broth microdilution technique. Additionally, the efficacy of several major compounds against fungi found in the EOs 1,8-cineole, carvacrol, and eugenol was evaluated. Furthermore, this study explored the potential synergy of combining eugenol and carvacrol in various ratios. Based on the results, E. aromatica EO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its lowest IC50 values for a DPPH of 0.006 mg/mL. This EO also demonstrated the best antifungal activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.098 to 0.13 μL/mL. The high concentration of eugenol in this oil was identified as a contributing factor to its potent antifungal effects. The individual application of eugenol displayed significant antifungal efficacy, which was further enhanced by incorporating carvacrol at a 1:3 ratio. This synergistic combination presents promising potential for the development of specific formulations aimed at optimizing grain protection during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamyae Et-tazy
- Applied Chemistry and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Hassan First, BP. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (L.E.-t.); (A.L.); (M.E.)
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP. 415 Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Abdeslam Lamiri
- Applied Chemistry and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Hassan First, BP. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (L.E.-t.); (A.L.); (M.E.)
| | - Laila Satia
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP. 415 Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Essahli
- Applied Chemistry and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Hassan First, BP. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (L.E.-t.); (A.L.); (M.E.)
| | - Sanae Krimi Bencheqroun
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, BP. 415 Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco;
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12
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Jiang N, Wang L, Jiang D, Wang M, Yu H, Yao W. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveal the mechanism of eugenol inhibition of Aspergillus carbonarius growth in table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Food Res Int 2023; 170:112934. [PMID: 37316002 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During storage, Aspergillus carbonarius (A. carbonarius) can easily infect grape berries, resulting in a pronounced decline in nutritional value and substantial economic loss for the grape industry. Characterised by broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, eugenol is proven to significantly inhibit A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A (OTA) in vitro. In this study, the potential mechanism of eugenol against A. carbonarius in grapes ('Kyoho') was evaluated using integrative transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses. After eugenol treatment at 50 mM, the inhibition of OTA was reduced by 100%, despite a 56.2% inhibition of A. carbonarius. In the meantime, mycelial growth was completely inhibited by 100 mM eugenol in grape berries. The application of eugenol to grapes stimulated the activity of several enzymes involved in disease resistance, namely catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) and glutathione (GSH) content. In addition, the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in eugenol-treated grapes were higher after A. carbonarius inoculation. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that in phenylpropane biosynthesis, there were a variety of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the plant hormone signalling pathway changed significantly. Among these, the levels of 47 polyphenol metabolites significantly increased in eugenol-treated grape berries compared to noneugenol-treated berries. Meanwhile, we investigated the transcript levels of 39 genes in 6 phytohormones signalling in response to eugenol-treated grape berries followed by A. carbonarius inoculation. These results suggest that eugenol positively improved the disease resistance of grapes and might be potentially beneficial for the prevention and treatment of A. carbonarius-caused disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Liuqing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
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13
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Pinto L, Tapia-Rodríguez MR, Baruzzi F, Ayala-Zavala JF. Plant Antimicrobials for Food Quality and Safety: Recent Views and Future Challenges. Foods 2023; 12:2315. [PMID: 37372527 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for natural, safe, and sustainable food preservation methods drove research towards the use of plant antimicrobials as an alternative to synthetic preservatives. This review article comprehensively discussed the potential applications of plant extracts, essential oils, and their compounds as antimicrobial agents in the food industry. The antimicrobial properties of several plant-derived substances against foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, along with their modes of action, factors affecting their efficacy, and potential negative sensory impacts, were presented. The review highlighted the synergistic or additive effects displayed by combinations of plant antimicrobials, as well as the successful integration of plant extracts with food technologies ensuring an improved hurdle effect, which can enhance food safety and shelf life. The review likewise emphasized the need for further research in fields such as mode of action, optimized formulations, sensory properties, safety assessment, regulatory aspects, eco-friendly production methods, and consumer education. By addressing these gaps, plant antimicrobials can pave the way for more effective, safe, and sustainable food preservation strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Pinto
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Melvin R Tapia-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Col. Centro, Ciudad Obregón, Obregón 85000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Federico Baruzzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jesús Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
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14
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Taglienti A, Donati L, Dragone I, Ferretti L, Gentili A, Araniti F, Sapienza F, Astolfi R, Fiorentino S, Vecchiarelli V, Papalini C, Ragno R, Bertin S. In Vivo Antiphytoviral and Aphid Repellency Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrosols from Mentha suaveolens and Foeniculum vulgare to Control Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus and Its Vector Aphis gossypii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1078. [PMID: 36903936 PMCID: PMC10005592 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, natural compounds have gained attention in many fields due to their wide-range biological activity. In particular, essential oils and their associated hydrosols are being screened to control plant pests, exerting antiviral, antimycotic and antiparasitic actions. They are more quickly and cheaply produced and are generally considered safer for the environment and non-target organisms than conventional pesticides. In this study, we report the evaluation of the biological activity of two essential oils and their corresponding hydrosols obtained from Mentha suaveolens and Foeniculum vulgare in the control of zucchini yellow mosaic virus and its vector, Aphis gossypii, in Cucurbita pepo plants. The control of the virus was ascertained with treatments applied either concurrently with or after virus infection; choice tests were performed to verify repellency activity against the aphid vector. The results indicated that treatments could decrease virus titer as measured using real-time RT-PCR, while the experiments on the vector showed that the compounds effectively repelled aphids. The extracts were also chemically characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mentha suaveolens and Foeniculum vulgare hydrosol extracts mainly comprised fenchone and decanenitrile, respectively, while essential oils analysis returned a more complex composition, as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Taglienti
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Donati
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Immacolata Dragone
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gentili
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Sapienza
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Astolfi
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Fiorentino
- Centro Appenninico del Terminillo “Carlo Jucci”, Perugia University, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Valerio Vecchiarelli
- Centro Appenninico del Terminillo “Carlo Jucci”, Perugia University, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Papalini
- ARSIAL Regional Agency for the Development and Innovation of Agriculture of Lazio, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bertin
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00156 Rome, Italy
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15
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Ling L, Luo H, Zhao Y, Yang C, Cheng W, Pang M. Fungal pathogens causing postharvest fruit rot of wolfberry and inhibitory effect of 2,3-butanedione. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1068144. [PMID: 36704548 PMCID: PMC9871540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1068144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogen contamination is one of the most important factors affecting the postharvest quality and shelf life of wolfberry fruits. Therefore, the prevention and control of fungal pathogens that cause fruit rot has become particularly important. Volatile antifungal agents of biological origin have broad application prospects. They may be safer and more efficient than traditional physical and chemical methods. Four pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified from rotting wolfberry. These pathogenic fungi were determined to be Mucor circinelloides LB1, Fusarium arcuatisporum LB5, Alternaria iridiaustralis LB7, and Colletotrichum fioriniae LB8. In vitro fumigation experiments showed that 2,3-butanedione can effectively inhibit the mycelial growth, spore germination, and sporulation ability of pathogenic fungi. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed morphological changes in hyphae. Propidium iodide (PI) Staining and leakage of 260 and 280 nm-absorbing increased, suggesting damage to cell membranes. Furthermore, 2,3-butanedione was found to significantly improve fruit firmness, soluble solid, total phenol, flavonoid, and soluble sugar content, as well as higher SOD enzyme activity and lower PPO and POD enzyme activity in the treated fruit, indicating that 2,3-butanedione can effectively reduce the adverse effects of pathogenic fungi in wolfberry. Based on these results, we conclude that 2,3-butanedione is effective against infection by pathogenic fungi in post-harvest wolfberry. 2,3-butanedione should be considered a viable substitute for conventional fungicides that are currently used to control rot in wolfberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ling
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunhua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenting Cheng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingmei Pang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Moosa A, Zulfiqar F, Siddique KHM. Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1048433. [PMID: 36407625 PMCID: PMC9669475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Green and blue mold of citrus are threatening diseases that continuously inflict economic post-harvest loss. The suppressive effect of salicylic (SA) and Cinnamomum verum (CV) on green and blue mold of sweet oranges was investigated in this study. Among five tested plant extracts methanolic extract of Cinnamon caused the highest colony growth inhibition of P. digitatum and P. italicum in an in vitro antifungal assay. The methanolic extract of Cinnamon in combination with SA showed the lowest disease incidence and severity of green and blue mold on citrus fruit without affecting the fruit quality. Transcriptional profiling of defense enzymes revealed that the polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) genes were upregulated in fruit treated with CV, SA, and their combination compared to the control. The treatment SA+CV caused the highest upsurge in PPO, POD, and PAL gene expression than the control. Furthermore, the biochemical quantification of PPO, POD and PAL also revealed a similar pattern of activity. The present findings unravel the fact that the escalation in the activity of tested defense enzymes is possibly associated with the reduced incidence of blue and green molds. In conclusion, the study unveils the promising suppressive potential of SA+CV against green and blue mold by regulating the expression of PPO, POD, and PAL genes. Therefore, these treatments can find a role as safer alternatives to chemicals in the management of post-harvest green and blue mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Moosa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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17
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Rout S, Tambe S, Deshmukh RK, Mali S, Cruz J, Srivastav PP, Amin PD, Gaikwad KK, Andrade EHDA, Oliveira MSD. Recent trends in the application of essential oils: The next generation of food preservation and food packaging. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Wu C, Wang Y, Ai D, Li Z, Wang Y. Biocontrol yeast T-2 improves the postharvest disease resistance of grape by stimulation of the antioxidant system. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3219-3229. [PMID: 36249987 PMCID: PMC9548374 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Table grapes are susceptible to external pathogens during postharvest storage. The resulting continuous oxidative stress causes damage and aging, thereby reducing the defense against disease. In this study, the effect of biocontrol yeast T-2 on the storage performance of grapes was evaluated. After T-2 treatment, the grapefruits rot rate and lesion diameter caused by Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) were significantly decreased at 2-5 days after inoculation (DAI). Additionally, the browning rate and shedding rate of grapefruit during storage were significantly reduced at 2-5 DAI, and the weight loss rate was significantly reduced at 3-5 DAI. The decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in grapefruits at 1-5 DAI with T-2 indicated a reduction in oxidative damage. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanin ammonia-lyase (PAL) were significantly increased during most storage time after being treated with T-2. Moreover, the contents of total phenolics and flavonoids and the expression levels of key enzyme genes in metabolic pathways were increased after T-2 treatment during most postharvest storage time, providing evidence that T-2 changed the biological process of phenolic flavonoid metabolism. The increase in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants after treatment with T-2 reflected the strengthening of the antioxidant system, hence postponing fruit senescence and promoting storage performance under the stress of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuci Wang
- Tianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Dan Ai
- Tianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Tianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjinChina
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19
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Impact of Geraniol and Geraniol Nanoemulsions on Botrytis cinerea and Effect of Geraniol on Cucumber Plants’ Metabolic Profile Analyzed by LC-QTOF-MS. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192513. [PMID: 36235379 PMCID: PMC9571098 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the bioactive substance geraniol was tested in vitro and in planta against B. cinerea on cucumber plants, and the changes in the metabolic profile of cucumber plants inoculated with the pathogen and/or treated with geraniol were monitored by a novel LC-QTOF-MS method employing target and suspect screening. The aforementioned treatments were also studied for their impact on membrane lipid peroxidation calculated as malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Additionally, geraniol-loaded nanoemulsions (GNEs) were synthesized and tested against B. cinerea as an integrated formulation mode of geraniol application. The EC50 values calculated for geraniol and GNEs against B. cinerea were calculated at 235 μg/mL and 105 μg/mL, respectively. The in planta experiment on cucumber plants demonstrated the ability of geraniol and GNEs to significantly inhibit B. cinerea under greenhouse conditions. The LC-QTOF-MS analysis of the metabolic profile of the cucumber plants treated with geraniol demonstrated an increase in the concentration levels of myricetin, chlorogenic acid, and kaempferol rhamnoside, as compared to control plants and the presence of B. cinerea caused an increase in sinapic acid and genistein. These compounds are part of important biosynthetic pathways mostly related to responses against a pathogen attack.
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20
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Du Y, Li Y, Tian Z, Cheng Y, Long CA. Natamycin as a safe food additive to control postharvest green mold and sour rot in citrus. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3438-3450. [PMID: 35947063 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to explore the potential inhibitory mechanism and assess the feasibility of natamycin as an antifungal agent in the utilization of citrus storage. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the mycelial growth, spore germination as well as germ tube elongations of Geotrichum citri-aurantii and Penicillium digitatum were significantly inhibited by natamycin treatment. The relative conductivities of G. citri-aurantii and P. digitatum mycelia were increased as time went by and the damages of plasma membranes were up to 17.43 % and 28.61 %. The mitochondria abnormalities and vacuolation were also observed in the TEM. Moreover, the sour rot and green mold decay incidences were reduced to 18.33 % and 10 % post-incubation with G. citri-aurantii and P. digitatum under 300 mg L-1 natamycin application, respectively. For the citrus storage experiment, there was no significant difference in edible rate, juice yield, total soluble solid (TSS) content, titratable acid (TA) and decay incidences of the 'Newhall' navel orange fruit treated with 300 mg L-1 natamycin stored for 90 d. CONCLUSIONS Natamycin could decrease the expansions of green mold and sour rot and maintain quality and improve storability on citrus fruit. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work explores the potential inhibition mechanism of natamycin G. citri-aurantii and P. digitatum, and assesses the feasibility of natamycin as an antifungal agent in the utilization of citrus storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Du
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, National R&D Center For Citrus Preservation, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, National R&D Center For Citrus Preservation, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, National R&D Center For Citrus Preservation, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, National R&D Center For Citrus Preservation, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-An Long
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, National R&D Center For Citrus Preservation, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Chen C, Cai N, Wan C, Huang Q, Chen J. Cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis involved in disease resistance against Diaporthe citri in harvested pummelo fruit elicited by carvacrol. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3140-3149. [PMID: 34791654 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phomopsis stem-end rot caused by Diaporthe citri, causes significant commercial postharvest losses of pummelo fruit during storage. Carvacrol (CVR) is a known generally recognized as safe and has the ability to prolong the preservation of harvested fruits. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of CVR treatment at the appropriate concentration on Phomopsis stem-end rot development of harvested pummelo fruit inoculated with D. citri were evaluated by the amounts of cell wall components, the activities and gene expressions of related enzymes involved in cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis. RESULTS Results indicated that CVR completely inhibited D. citri growth in vitro at 200 mg L-1 and significantly controlled Phomopsis stem-end rot development in harvested pummelo. The CVR treatment delayed peel softening and browning, and retarded electrolyte leakage, superoxide radical (O2 •- ) production, and malondialdehyde content. The CVR-treated fruit maintained higher amounts of cell wall material, protopectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose, but exhibited lower water-soluble pectin amount. Moreover, in D. citri-inoculated fruit, CVR treatment suppressed the activities and gene expressions of cell wall disassembling-enzymes, including pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and β-galactosidase, while the development of cell wall degradation was reduced. Meanwhile, the CVR treatment enhanced the lignin biosynthesis by increasing the activities and up-regulating the gene expressions of phenylalanine ammonialyase, cinnamic alcohol dehydrogenase, and peroxidase accompanied with elevated level of lignin in pummelo fruit. CONCLUSION The disease resistance to D. citri in pummelo fruit elicited by CVR treatment is related to delaying cell wall degradation and enhancing lignin biosynthesis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Nan Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, 337055, P. R. China
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22
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Haghighi TM, Saharkhiz MJ, Khalesi M, Mousavi SS, Ramezanian A. Eco-friendly 'ochratoxin A' control in stored licorice roots - quality assurance perspective. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1321-1336. [PMID: 35594289 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2077460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
According to toxicity data, ochratoxin A (OTA) is the second most important mycotoxin and is produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium. As a natural antifungal agent, clove essential oil (CEO) is a substance generally recognised as safe (GRAS) and shows strong activity against fungal pathogens. Here, we aimed to investigate the control efficacy of CEO in nano-emulsions (CEN) against OTA production in licorice roots and rhizomes during storage. The experiments were performed under simulated conditions of all four seasons (i.e. Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter). Relative humidity (RH) and temperature were simulated in desiccators along with various salt solutions in incubators. Fresh licorice roots were immersed in CEN at various concentrations (150, 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 µl/l). Before utilising the nano-emulsions, we measured their polydispersity index and mean droplet size by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. Also, the chemical composition of the CEO was determined using GC and GC-MS analyses. Sampling was carried out to monitor OTA once every five days. The samples were dried immediately and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that various concentrations of CEN inhibited the growth of fungi and OTA production. The most effective CEN concentrations were 1200 and 2400 µl/l, which reduced OTA production to 19 and 20 ppb under Winter and Autumn conditions, respectively. These results suggest an effective eco-friendly method for the storage of licorice to reduce postharvest fungal decay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Khalesi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Seyyed Sasan Mousavi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asghar Ramezanian
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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23
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Transcriptomics Integrated with Metabolomics Reveals 2-Methoxy-1, 4-Naphthoquinone-Based Carbon Dots Induced Molecular Shifts in Penicillium italicum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050420. [PMID: 35628676 PMCID: PMC9145997 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium italicum (P. italicum), a citrus blue mold, is a pathogenic fungus that greatly affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruits with significant economic loss. Our previous research showed that 2-methoxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) inhibited the growth of Penicillium italicum. However, the water dispersibility of MNQ will limit its further application. Herein, we synthesized MNQ-based carbon dots (2−CDs) with better water dispersibility, which showed a potential inhibitory effect on P. italicum (MIC = 2.8 μg/mL) better than that of MNQ (MIC = 5.0 μg/mL). Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals a total of 601 differentially enriched genes and 270 differentially accumulated metabolites that are co-mapped as disruptive activity on the cell cytoskeleton, glycolysis, and histone methylation. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed normal appearances and intracellular septum of P. italicum after treatment. These findings contribute tofurther understanding of the possible molecular action of 2−CDs.
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Alvarez MV, Palou L, Taberner V, Fernández-Catalán A, Argente-Sanchis M, Pitta E, Pérez-Gago MB. Natural Pectin-Based Edible Composite Coatings with Antifungal Properties to Control Green Mold and Reduce Losses of ‘Valencia’ Oranges. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081083. [PMID: 35454670 PMCID: PMC9033115 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel pectin-based, antifungal, edible coatings (ECs) were formulated by the addition of natural extracts or essential oils (EOs), and their ability to control green mold (GM), caused by Penicillium digitatum, and preserve postharvest quality of ‘Valencia’ oranges was evaluated. Satureja montana, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CN), Commiphora myrrha (MY) EOs, eugenol (EU), geraniol (GE), vanillin, and propolis extract were selected as the most effective antifungal agents against P. digitatum in in vitro assays. Pectin-beeswax edible coatings amended with these antifungals were applied to artificially inoculated oranges to evaluate GM control. ECs containing GE (2 g/kg), EU (4 and 8 g/kg), and MY EO (15 g/kg) reduced disease incidence by up to 58% after 8 days of incubation at 20 °C, while CN (8 g/kg) effectively reduced disease severity. Moreover, ECs formulated with EU (8 g/kg) and GE (2 g/kg) were the most effective on artificially inoculated cold-stored oranges, with GM incidence reductions of 56 and 48% after 4 weeks at 5 °C. Furthermore, ECs containing EU and MY reduced weight loss and maintained sensory and physicochemical quality after 8 weeks at 5 °C followed by 7 days at 20 °C. Overall, ECs with EU were the most promising and could be a good natural, safe, and eco-friendly commercial treatment for preserving orange postharvest quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Alvarez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina;
- Centre de Tecnologia Postcollita (CTP), Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 València, Spain; (V.T.); (A.F.-C.); (M.A.-S.); (E.P.); (M.B.P.-G.)
| | - Lluís Palou
- Centre de Tecnologia Postcollita (CTP), Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 València, Spain; (V.T.); (A.F.-C.); (M.A.-S.); (E.P.); (M.B.P.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Verònica Taberner
- Centre de Tecnologia Postcollita (CTP), Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 València, Spain; (V.T.); (A.F.-C.); (M.A.-S.); (E.P.); (M.B.P.-G.)
| | - Asunción Fernández-Catalán
- Centre de Tecnologia Postcollita (CTP), Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 València, Spain; (V.T.); (A.F.-C.); (M.A.-S.); (E.P.); (M.B.P.-G.)
| | - Maricruz Argente-Sanchis
- Centre de Tecnologia Postcollita (CTP), Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 València, Spain; (V.T.); (A.F.-C.); (M.A.-S.); (E.P.); (M.B.P.-G.)
| | - Eleni Pitta
- Centre de Tecnologia Postcollita (CTP), Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 València, Spain; (V.T.); (A.F.-C.); (M.A.-S.); (E.P.); (M.B.P.-G.)
- School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - María Bernardita Pérez-Gago
- Centre de Tecnologia Postcollita (CTP), Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 València, Spain; (V.T.); (A.F.-C.); (M.A.-S.); (E.P.); (M.B.P.-G.)
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Yi W, Chen C, Gan X. Polymyxin B 1 and E 2 From Paenibacillus polymyxa Y-1 for Controlling Rice Bacterial Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:866357. [PMID: 35419296 PMCID: PMC8995708 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.866357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover novel microbial pesticide for controlling rice bacterial disease, polymyxin B1 and E2 were firstly isolated from the supernatant of fermentation broth of Paenibacillus polymyxa Y-1 by bioactivity tracking separation. It is shown that polymyxin B1 and E2 had remarkable in vitro inhibitory activities to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) with the EC50 values of 0.19 μg/ml and 0.21 μg/ml against Xoo, and 0.32 μg/ml and 0.41 μg/ml against Xoc, respectively, which were better than those of Zhongshengmycin (0.31 μg/ml and 0.73 μg/ml) and Bismerthiazol (77.48 μg/ml and 85.30 μg/ml). Polymyxins B1 and E2 had good protection and curative activities against rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and rice bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in vivo. The protection and curative activities of polymyxins B1 (45.8 and 35.8%, respectively) and E2 (41.2 and 37.0%, respectively) to BLB were superior to those of Zhongshengmycin (34.8 and 29.8%, respectively) and Bismerthiazol (38.0 and 33.5%, respectively). Meanwhile, the protection and curative activities of polymyxins B1 (44.8 and 39.8%, respectively) and E2 (42.9 and 39.9%, respectively) to BLS were also superior to those of Zhongshengmycin (39.7 and 32.0%, respectively) and Bismerthiazol (41.5 and 34.3%, respectively). Polymyxin B1 exerted the anti-pesticide properties via destroying the cell integrity of Xoo, reducing its infectivity and enhancing rice resistance against pathogens through activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway of rice. It is indicated that polymyxin B1 and E2 were potential microbial pesticides for controlling rice bacterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Yi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiuhai Gan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Alternative Control of Tomato Wilt Using the Aqueous Extract of Calotropis procera. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand (commonly known as the apple of sodom, calotrope, and giant milkweed) is an evergreen, perennial shrub of the Apocynaceae family, and is mainly found in arid and semi-arid regions. Previous studies have established the toxic effects of Calotropis procera (C. procera) (Aiton). Its extract is used as one of the vital alternatives to pesticides due to its effective impacts on several pathogens and to combat insect pests that cause severe damage to several crops, but so far, its effects on combating Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the current study focuses on evaluating the effects of the aqueous extract of this plant on FOL by studying physicochemical indicators. In Saudi Arabia and many other countries, such disease is considered as one of the critical factors affecting tomato growth and production. For the control of Fusarium wilt disease (Fwd), many strategies have been developed, but are limited in their use. Ten isolates of the pathogens were obtained from diseased tomato plants. These isolates were able to exhibit symptoms of tomato wilt, and they varied in their virulence. Isolate No. 5 caused the highest severity of the disease (73%). According to these results, we used this isolate in the following experiment, which was identified by ITS sequences as F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Following intensive screening studies, we selected aqueous plant extract of C. procera to study its effectiveness against Fwd of tomato plants and their antifungal activity or induce systemic resistance in plants. All concentrations of C. procera extracts suppressed growth of the pathogen. The highest reduction of mycelia growth was obtained by aqueous extract at 15%, it reduced the pathogen growth to 70.2%, relative to the control. In greenhouse conditions, the aqueous C. procera extract at 5, 10, and 15% significantly reduced Fwd of the tomato compared to the infected control (52.01, 69.86, and 83.6%, respectively). The use of aqueous C. procera extract at 5, 10, and 15% significantly enhanced the fresh and dry weight of tomato plants (g plant−1) compared to inoculated plants (for fresh weight: 50, 66.6, and 86.6 and for dry weight: 60, 100, and 120%, respectively). Total phenols and flavonoids as well as antioxidant enzymes were increased in inoculated or non-inoculated tomato plants after being treated with aqueous extracts of C. procera.
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Role of plant extracts and essential oils in fighting against postharvest fruit pathogens and extending fruit shelf life: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Metabolite profiling reveals comprehensive effects of Chaetomium globosum on citrus preservation. Food Chem 2022; 369:130959. [PMID: 34469836 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The huge economic loss of citrus fruit after harvest called for safe and efficient preservatives, as chemically synthesized agents threatened the environment and human health. Herein a biocontrol fungus Chaetomium globosum QY-1 near the orchard in riparian area was identified to have antimicrobial, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activity, which meets the requirements of an ideal preservative. Metabolite profiling based on bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out, and eight polyketones were determined by MS and NMR. The most abundant CheA exhibited strong inhibition to Penicillium digitatum, the main pathogen caused citrus fruit rot. Among these metabolites, Epicoccone and Epicoccolide B showed higher antioxidant activity, while Epicoccone and CheA had higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity. All the activities were close to or even better than the positive control (Vc; glutathione; Vc and arbutin; Bellkute), implying that the metabolites of C. globosum had comprehensive effects as natural preservatives.
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Chang Y, Harmon PF, Treadwell DD, Carrillo D, Sarkhosh A, Brecht JK. Biocontrol Potential of Essential Oils in Organic Horticulture Systems: From Farm to Fork. Front Nutr 2022; 8:805138. [PMID: 35096947 PMCID: PMC8792766 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.805138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to food safety and organic horticulture. Thus, people are looking for natural products to manage plant diseases, pests, and weeds. Essential oils (EOs) or EO-based products are potentially promising candidates for biocontrol agents due to their safe, bioactive, biodegradable, ecologically, and economically viable properties. Born of necessity or commercial interest to satisfy market demand for natural products, this emerging technology is highly anticipated, but its application has been limited without the benefit of a thorough analysis of the scientific evidence on efficacy, scope, and mechanism of action. This review covers the uses of EOs as broad-spectrum biocontrol agents in both preharvest and postharvest systems. The known functions of EOs in suppressing fungi, bacteria, viruses, pests, and weeds are briefly summarized. Related results and possible modes of action from recent research are listed. The weaknesses of applying EOs are also discussed, such as high volatility and low stability, low water solubility, strong influence on organoleptic properties, and phytotoxic effects. Therefore, EO formulations and methods of incorporation to enhance the strengths and compensate for the shortages are outlined. This review also concludes with research directions needed to better understand and fully evaluate EOs and provides an outlook on the prospects for future applications of EOs in organic horticulture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Chang
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip F. Harmon
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Danielle D. Treadwell
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Brecht
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Evaluation of Aspergillus aculeatus GC-09 for the biological control of citrus blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:201-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Cheng X, Yang Y, Zhu X, Yuan P, Gong B, Ding S, Shan Y. Inhibitory mechanisms of cinnamic acid on the growth of Geotrichum citri-aurantii. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Competency of Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oil Fumigation against Toxigenic and Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Isolates. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a frequent contaminant of maize grain. We isolated this fungus, determined the colony morphology and species (by internal transcribed spacer sequencing) and measured the aflatoxin content. The selected A. flavus fungi were placed into two groups, toxigenic and atoxigenic; both appeared similar morphologically, except that the atoxigenic group lacked sclerotia. An essential oil fumigation test with clove and cinnamon oils as antifungal products was performed on fungal conidial discs and fungal colonies in Petri plates. Cinnamon oil at 2.5 to 5.0 μL/plate markedly inhibited the mycelial growth from conidial discs of both strains, whereas clove oil showed less activity. The oils had different effects on fungal mycelia. The higher clove fumigation doses of 10.0 to 20.0 μL/plate controlled fungal growth, while cinnamon oil caused less inhibition. Compared with atoxigenic groups, toxigenic A. flavus responded stably. Within abnormal A. flavus hyphae, the essential oils degenerated the hyphal morphology, resulting in exfoliated flakes and shrinkage, which were related to fungal membrane injury and collapse of vacuoles and phialide. The treatments, especially those with cinnamon oil, increased the electroconductivity, which suggested a weak mycelium membrane structure. Moreover, the treatments with essential oils reduced the ergosterol content in mycelia and the aflatoxin accumulation in the culture broth. The fumigations with clove and cinnamon oils inhibited the development of both conidia and colonies of A. flavus in dose-dependent manners.
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Yang YC, Li K, Liu CX, Cheng F, Liu C, Quan WJ, Xue YH, Zou K, Liu SP. Sanxiapeptin, a linear pentapeptide from Penicillium oxalicum, inhibited the growth of citrus green mold. Food Chem 2021; 366:130541. [PMID: 34273855 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum has been used as a biocontrol fungus in agriculture for many years, but the antimicrobial substances are still uncertain. Herein, we isolated a linear peptide named Sanxiapeptin in the culture broth of Penicillium oxalicum SG-4 collecting from the Three Gorges riparian zone. Sanxiapeptin exhibited potent inhibitory effect on citrus green mold Penicillium digitatum, the main fungi responsible for postharvest decay. Sanxiapeptin was elucidated as composing of five amino acids, which were β-amino-α-methoxybutyric acid (Amoba), N-Me-l-Thr, d-Thr, N-Me-l-Val and l-Ser. By analyzing three chemically synthesized oligopeptides with similar structures, we found that the first amino acid of Amoba was crucial to the antifungal activity, as was the methylation of peptide bond. Sanxiapeptin may act as an antimicrobial agent by affecting the function of cell membranes or walls. The antimicrobial spectrum, safety and stability analysis supported that Sanxiapeptin was a promising antifungal agent for citrus preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Kun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Wen-Jing Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yan-Hong Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Shi-Ping Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Quality Attributes and Storage of Tomato Fruits as Affected by an Eco-Friendly, Essential Oil-Based Product. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061125. [PMID: 34205988 PMCID: PMC8228351 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of fresh produce quality is a major aim in the food industry since consumers demand safe and of high nutritional value products. In recent decades there has been a turn towards the use of eco-friendly, natural products (i.e., essential oils-EOs) in an attempt to reduce chemical-based sanitizing agents (i.e., chlorine and chlorine-based agents). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an eco-friendly product (EP—based on rosemary and eucalyptus essential oils) and two different application methods (vapor and dipping) on the quality attributes of tomato fruits throughout storage at 11 °C and 90% relative humidity for 14 days. The results indicated that overall, the EP was able to maintain the quality of tomato fruits. Dipping application was found to affect less the quality attributes of tomato, such as titratable acidity, ripening index and antioxidant activity compared to the vapor application method. Vapor application of 0.4% EP increased fruit’s antioxidant activity, whereas tomatoes dipped in EP solution presented decreased damage index (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels), activating enzymes antioxidant capacity (catalases and peroxidases). Moreover, higher EP concentration (up to 0.8%) resulted in a less acceptable product compared to lower concentration (0.4%). Overall, the results from the present study suggest that the investigated EP can be used for the preservation of fresh produce instead of the current commercial sanitizing agent (chlorine); however, the method of application and conditions of application must be further assessed for every commodity tested.
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Limonin Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Nanoemulsion against Penicillium Italicum In Vitro and In Vivo Tests. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050969. [PMID: 33946160 PMCID: PMC8144956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium italicum, the cause of citrus blue mold, is a pathogenic fungus that seriously affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruit and causes serious economic loss. In this study, a eugenol nanoemulsion containing limonin, an antimicrobial component from citrus seeds, was prepared using a high-pressure microfluidizer and the antifungal activity of the nanoemulsions against P. italicum was evaluated based on the conidial germination rate, mycelial growth, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration and the inhibition rate of limonin-loaded eugenol nanoemulsion was 160 μg/mL and 59.21%, respectively, which was more potent than that of the limonin-free eugenol emulsion. After treatment with the nanoemulsions, the integrity of the P. italicum cell membrane was disrupted, the cell morphology was abnormal, and the leakage of nucleic acid and protein was observed. In addition, the challenge test on citrus fruits revealed that the limonin-loaded eugenol emulsion inhibited citrus infection for longer periods, with an infection rate of 29.2% after 5 days. The current research shows that nanoemulsions containing limonin and eugenol have effective antifungal activity against P. italicum, and may be used as a substitute for inhibiting blue mold in citrus fruits.
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Chen O, Deng L, Ruan C, Yi L, Zeng K. Pichia galeiformis Induces Resistance in Postharvest Citrus by Activating the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2619-2631. [PMID: 33594880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Pichia galeiformis on disease resistance and elucidate the changes in phenylpropane biosynthesis treated by P. galeiformis in postharvest citrus. The results showed that P. galeiformis reduced the disease incidence and lesion diameters without direct contact with the pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Transcriptome analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was triggered by P. galeiformis. Genes encoding phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were upregulated, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), peroxidase (POD), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), O-methyltransferase, and hydroxyl cinnamoyl transferase. Moreover, P. galeiformis increased the activity of PAL, 4CL, C4H, POD, polyphenol oxidase, and CAD in citrus pericarp. In addition, P. galeiformis treated citrus displayed higher levels of total phenolic compounds, flavonoid, and lignin and higher amounts of ferulic and sinapic acid. In conclusion, these results suggested that P. galeiformis could induce resistance through modulating the pathway of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in postharvest citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Changqing Ruan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- Food Storage and Logistics Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lanhua Yi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- Food Storage and Logistics Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- Food Storage and Logistics Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Citral Delays Postharvest Senescence of Kiwifruit by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity under Cold Storage. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6684172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Citral is an aliphatic aldehyde extracted from citrus essential oil. The aim of the study was to examine how citral treatment affects the weight loss, firmness, respiration, and ripening index, as well as the antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. ‘Jinkui’). The citral treatment was seen to reduce the weight loss, softening, and fruit respiration compared to control fruits. Citral treatment also had an inhibitory effect on ripening index, O2•− production rate, and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. The degradations of ascorbic acid (AsA) content, total flavonoids content (TFC), and total phenolics content (TPC) were also suppressed by citral. In contrast, citral treatment induces the activation of antioxidant enzyme system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Collectively, the results indicated that citral treatment delays postharvest senescence and prolongs storage life by enhancing antioxidant capacity in harvested kiwifruits. These findings suggest that citral has the potential to be used as a promising natural preservative for the extension of postharvest quality in harvested kiwifruit.
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Bhatta UK. Alternative Management Approaches of Citrus Diseases Caused by Penicillium digitatum (Green Mold) and Penicillium italicum (Blue Mold). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:833328. [PMID: 35273621 PMCID: PMC8904086 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.833328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Green mold (Penicillium digitatum) and blue mold (Penicillium italicum) are among the most economically impactful post-harvest diseases of citrus fruit worldwide. Post-harvest citrus diseases are largely controlled with synthetic fungicides such as pyrimethanil, imazalil, fludioxonil, and thiabendazole. Due to their toxic effects, prolonged and excessive application of these fungicides is gradually restricted in favor of safe and more eco-friendly alternatives. This review comprehensively describes alternative methods for the control of P. digitatum and P. italicum: (a) antagonistic micro-organisms, (b) plant extracts and essential oils, (c) biofungicides, (d) chitosan and chitosan-based citrus coatings, (e) heat treatments, (f) ionizing and non-ionizing irradiations, (g) food additives, and (h) synthetic elicitors. Integrating multiple approaches such as the application of biocontrol agents with food additives or heat treatments have overcome some drawbacks to single treatments. In addition, integrating treatment approaches could produce an additive or synergistic effect on controlling both molds for a satisfactory level of disease reduction in post-harvest citrus. Further research is warranted on plant resistance and fruit-pathogen interactions to develop safer strategies for the sustainable control of P. digitatum and P. italicum in citrus.
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Kanashiro AM, Akiyama DY, Kupper KC, Fill TP. Penicillium italicum: An Underexplored Postharvest Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:606852. [PMID: 33343551 PMCID: PMC7746842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.606852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the agricultural sector, citrus is one of the most important fruit genus in the world. In this scenario, Brazil is the largest producer of oranges; 34% of the global production, and exporter of concentrated orange juice; 76% of the juice consumed in the planet, summing up US$ 6.5 billion to Brazilian GDP. However, the orange production has been considerable decreasing due to unfavorable weather conditions in recent years and the increasing number of pathogen infections. One of the main citrus post-harvest phytopathogen is Penicillium italicum, responsible for the blue mold disease, which is currently controlled by pesticides, such as Imazalil, Pyrimethanil, Fludioxonil, and Tiabendazole, which are toxic chemicals harmful to the environment and also to human health. In addition, P. italicum has developed considerable resistance to these chemicals as a result of widespread applications. To address this growing problem, the search for new control methods of citrus post-harvest phytopathogens is being extensively explored, resulting in promising new approaches such as biocontrol methods as “killer” yeasts, application of essential oils, and antimicrobial volatile substances. The alternative methodologies to control P. italicum are reviewed here, as well as the fungal virulence factors and infection strategies. Therefore, this review will focus on a general overview of recent research carried out regarding the phytopathological interaction of P. italicum and its citrus host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Cristina Kupper
- Advanced Citrus Research Center, Sylvio Moreira/Campinas Agronomic Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lin SH, Luo P, Yuan E, Zhu X, Zhang B, Wu X. Physiological and Proteomic Analysis of Penicillium digitatum in Response to X33 Antifungal Extract Treatment. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584331. [PMID: 33240238 PMCID: PMC7677231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is a widespread pathogen among Rutaceae species that causes severe fruit decay symptoms on infected citrus fruit (known as citrus green mold). The employment of fungicides can effectively control the citrus green mold, significantly reducing agricultural economic loss. In this study, we found that the X33 antifungal extract produced by Streptomyces lavendulae strain X33 inhibited the hyphae polarization of P. digitatum. Additionally, physiological and proteomic analysis strategies were applied to explore the inhibitory mechanism of the X33 antifungal extract of the S. lavendulae strain X33 on the mycelial growth of P. digitatum. A total of 277 differentially expressed proteins, consisting of 207 upregulated and 70 downregulated, were identified from the comparative proteomics analysis. The results indicated that the X33 antifungal extract induced mitochondrial membrane dysfunction and cellular integrity impairment, which can affect energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and transmembrane transport. The improved alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular conductivity, increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents, and inhibition of energy, amino acid, and sugar metabolism indicated that the oxidative stress of P. digitatum is induced by the X33 antifungal extract. These findings provided insight into the antifungal mechanism of the X33 antifungal extract against P. digitatum by suggesting that it may be an effective fungicide for controlling citrus postharvest green mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Lin
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Pan Luo
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - En Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Nie Z, Huang Q, Chen C, Wan C, Chen J. Chitosan coating alleviates postharvest juice sac granulation by mitigating ROS accumulation in harvested pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) during room temperature storage. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Che J, Chen X, Ouyang Q, Tao N. p-Anisaldehyde Exerts Its Antifungal Activity Against Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum by Disrupting the Cell Wall Integrity and Membrane Permeability. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:878-884. [PMID: 32160698 PMCID: PMC9728335 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1911.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum are the two important postharvest pathogens in citrus, causing about 90% of the total loss of citrus fruit during storage and transportation. Natural fungicides such as essential oils have been widely used instead of chemical fungicides for preventing and controlling postharvest diseases. In this research, p-anisaldehyde exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on P. digitatum and P. italicum, with the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of both being 2.00 μl/ml. Additionally, p-anisaldehyde visibly inhibited both the green mold and blue mold development of citrus fruits inoculated with P. digitatum and P. italicum. The mycelia morphologies of these pathogens were greatly altered, and the membrane permeability and cell wall integrity of mycelia were severely disrupted under p-anisaldehyde treatment. These results suggest that the antifungal activity of p-anisaldehyde against P. digitatum and P. italicum can be attributed to the disruption of the cell wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Che
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 405, Hunan, P.R. China,Postdoctoral Station of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 405, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qiuli Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 405, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Nengguo Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 405, Hunan, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-731-58298173 Fax: +86-731-58293549 E-mail:
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Chen C, Wan C, Peng X, Chen J. A flavonone pinocembroside inhibits Penicillium italicum growth and blue mold development in 'Newhall' navel oranges by targeting membrane damage mechanism. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104505. [PMID: 32359555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum is an important postharvest disease of citrus fruit. The antifungal activity of a flavonone pinocembroside compound obtained from the fruit of Ficus hirta Vahl., was evaluated against P. italicum. Pinocembroside showed antifungal activity against in vitro mycelial growth of P. italicum, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 200 and 800 mg/L, respectively. The blue mold development on 'Newhall' navel oranges was inhibited by pinocembroside in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, pinocembroside might exert its antifungal activity via membrane-targeted mechanism with increasing membrane permeability, reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity and acceleration of lipid peroxidation in the pathogen. This pioneering study suggested that pinocembroside suppressed postharvest blue mold by direct inhibition of P. italicum mycelial growth via membrane-targeting mechanism, thus providing a novel mode of action against traditional fungicides for controlling blue mold of citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuan Peng
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 330075, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China; Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 330075, People's Republic of China.
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Chen C, Chen J, Wan C. Pinocembrin-7-Glucoside (P7G) Reduced Postharvest Blue Mold of Navel Orange by Suppressing Penicillium italicum Growth. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E536. [PMID: 32276525 PMCID: PMC7232162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the in vitro and in vivo antifungal potential of pinocembrin-7-glucoside (P7G). P7G is an antifungal flavanone glycoside isolated from Ficus hirta Vahl. fruit against Penicillium italicum, a causative pathogen of blue mold disease in citrus fruit, and this study elucidates its possible action mechanism. P7G had a prominent mycelial growth inhibitory activity against P. italicum, with an observed half maximal effective concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of 0.08, 0.2, and 0.8 g/L, respectively. The data from the in vivo test show that P7G significantly reduced blue mold symptoms and disease development of P. italicum in artificially inoculated "Newhall" navel orange. Compared to the control, increases in the cell membrane permeability of P. italicum supernatant and decreases in the intracellular constituent (e.g., soluble protein, reducing sugar, and total lipid) contents of P. italicum mycelia were identified, supporting scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations. Furthermore, a marked decline in both chitin and glucanase contents of P. italicum mycelia treated with P7G was induced by increasing its related degrading enzyme activities, suggesting that the cell wall structure was destroyed. The current study indicated that P7G may be a novel alternative for reducing blue mold by suppressing mycelial growth of P. italicum via a cell membrane/wall-targeting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
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Gao F, Zhou H, Shen Z, Zhu G, Hao L, Chen H, Xu H, Zhou X. Long-lasting anti-bacterial activity and bacteriostatic mechanism of tea tree oil adsorbed on the amino-functionalized mesoporous silica-coated by PAA. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yang Z, Kaliaperumal K, Zhang J, Liang Y, Guo C, Zhang J, Yang B, Liu Y. Antifungal fatty acid derivatives against Penicillium italicum from the deep-sea fungus Aspergillus terreus SCSIO 41202. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4394-4401. [PMID: 31984766 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1716350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the bioassay-guided isolation of four bioactive fatty acid derivatives involving a new butenolide, namely sinulolide I (1) together with three known metabolites (2-4) from the deep-sea sediment derived fungus Aspergillus terreus SCSIO 41202. The chemical structure of compound 1 was elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods (1D/2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS), optical rotation and circular dichroism analyses, while the structures of the known compounds (2-4) were established by comparison of NMR spectral data with those reported in literature. All of these four compounds (1-4) exhibited significant antifungal activity against citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium italicum (MICs around 0.031-0.125 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kumaravel Kaliaperumal
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Can Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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