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Wibel R, van Hoogevest P, Drescher S. The role of phospholipids in drug delivery formulations - Recent advances presented at the Researcher's Day 2023 Conference of the Phospholipid Research Center Heidelberg. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114215. [PMID: 38350530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This Focus on Meetings contribution summarizes recent advances in the research on phospholipids and their applications for drug delivery and analytical purposes that have been presented at the hybrid Researcher's Day 2023 Conference of the Phospholipid Research Center (PRC), held on July 3-5, 2023, in Bad Dürkheim, Germany. The PRC is a non-profit organization focused on expanding and sharing scientific and technological knowledge of phospholipids in pharmaceutical and other applications. This is accomplished by, e.g., funding doctoral and postdoctoral research projects. The progress made with these projects is presented at the Researcher's Day Conference every two years. Four main topics were presented and discussed in various lectures: (1) formulation of phospholipid-based nanocarriers, (2) therapeutic applications of phospholipids and phospholipid-based nanocarriers, (3) phospholipids as excipients in oral, dermal, and parenteral dosage forms, and (4) interactions of phospholipids and phospholipid-based vesicles in biological environment and their use as analytical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wibel
- Phospholipid Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter van Hoogevest
- Phospholipid Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Drescher
- Phospholipid Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bossa GV, May S. Bragg-Williams Theory for Particles with a Size-Modulating Internal Degree of Freedom. Molecules 2023; 28:5060. [PMID: 37446721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of soft matter teems with molecules and aggregates of molecules that have internal size-modulating degrees of freedom. Proteins, peptides, microgels, polymers, micelles, and even some colloids can exist in multiple-often just two dominating-states with different effective sizes, where size can refer to the volume or to the cross-sectional area for particles residing on surfaces. The size-dependence of their accessible states renders the behavior of these particles pressure-sensitive. The Bragg-Williams model is among the most simple mean-field methods to translate the presence of inter-particle interactions into an approximate phase diagram. Here, we extend the Bragg-Williams model to account for the presence of particles that are immersed in a solvent and exist in two distinct states, one occupying a smaller and the other one a larger size. The basis of the extension is a lattice-sublattice approximation that we use to host the two size-differing states. Our model includes particle-solvent interactions that act as an effective surface tension between particles and solvent and are ignorant of the state in which the particles reside. We analyze how the energetic preference of the particles for one or the other state affects the phase diagrams. The possibility of a single phase-two phases-single phase sequence of phase transitions as a function of increasing temperature is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Volpe Bossa
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Sylvio May
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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Drescher S, van Hoogevest P. The Phospholipid Research Center: Current Research in Phospholipids and Their Use in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121235. [PMID: 33353254 PMCID: PMC7766331 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the research on phospholipids and their use for drug delivery related to the Phospholipid Research Center Heidelberg (PRC). The focus is on projects that have been approved by the PRC since 2017 and are currently still ongoing or have recently been completed. The different projects cover all facets of phospholipid research, from basic to applied research, including the use of phospholipids in different administration forms such as liposomes, mixed micelles, emulsions, and extrudates, up to industrial application-oriented research. These projects also include all routes of administration, namely parenteral, oral, and topical. With this review we would like to highlight possible future research directions, including a short introduction into the world of phospholipids.
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Paulowski L, Donoghue A, Nehls C, Groth S, Koistinen M, Hagge SO, Böhling A, Winterhalter M, Gutsmann T. The Beauty of Asymmetric Membranes: Reconstitution of the Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586. [PMID: 32766244 PMCID: PMC7381204 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The architecture of the lipid matrix of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is extremely asymmetric: Whereas the inner leaflet is composed of a phospholipid mixture, the outer leaflet is built up by glycolipids. For most Gram-negative species, these glycolipids are lipopolysaccharides (LPS), for a few species, however, glycosphingolipids. We demonstrate experimental approaches for the reconstitution of these asymmetric membranes as (i) solid supported membranes prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, (ii) planar lipid bilayers prepared by the Montal-Mueller technique, and (iii) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) prepared by the phase transfer method. The asymmetric GUVs (aGUVs) composed of LPS on one leaflet are shown for the first time. They are characterized with respect to their phase behavior, flip-flop of lipids and their usability to investigate the interaction with membrane active peptides or proteins. For the antimicrobial peptide LL-32 and for the bacterial porin OmpF the specificity of the interaction with asymmetric membranes is shown. The three reconstitution systems are compared with respect to their usability to investigate domain formation and interactions with peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paulowski
- Division of Biophysics, Priority Research Area Infection, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Division of Diagnostic Mycobacteriology, Priority Research Area Infection, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Annemarie Donoghue
- Division of Biophysics, Priority Research Area Infection, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Nehls
- Division of Biophysics, Priority Research Area Infection, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Sabrina Groth
- Division of Biophysics, Priority Research Area Infection, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Max Koistinen
- Division of Biophysics, Priority Research Area Infection, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Sven O. Hagge
- Division of Biophysics, Priority Research Area Infection, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Arne Böhling
- Division of Biophysics, Priority Research Area Infection, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Division of Biophysics, Priority Research Area Infection, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
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Sarmento MJ, Hof M, Šachl R. Interleaflet Coupling of Lipid Nanodomains - Insights From in vitro Systems. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:284. [PMID: 32411705 PMCID: PMC7198703 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a complex system, consisting of two layers of lipids and proteins compartmentalized into small structures called nanodomains. Despite the asymmetric composition of both leaflets, coupling between the layers is surprisingly strong. This can be evidenced, for example, by recent experimental studies performed on phospholipid giant unilamellar vesicles showing that nanodomains formed in the outer layer are perfectly registered with those in the inner leaflet. Similarly, microscopic phase separation in one leaflet can induce phase separation in the opposing leaflet that would otherwise be homogeneous. In this review, we summarize the current theoretical and experimental knowledge that led to the current view that domains are – irrespective of their size – commonly registered across the bilayer. Mechanisms inducing registration of nanodomains suggested by theory and calculations are discussed. Furthermore, domain coupling is evidenced by experimental studies based on the sparse number of methods that can resolve registered from independent nanodomains. Finally, implications that those findings using model membrane studies might have for cellular membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Sarmento
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova, Prague, Czechia
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