1
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Vikas, Kumar R, Soni S. Measurement of anisotropy factor of nanoparticle embedded tumor phantoms for plasmonic photothermal therapeutics. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400007. [PMID: 38894568 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Measurement of anisotropy factor (g) in the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) is important for understanding light distribution for plasmonic photothermal cancer therapeutics. Here, anisotropy factor is investigated through bilayer phantoms (epidermal and dermal) of various thicknesses incorporated with gold nanorods (GNRs) concentrations of 10-40 μg/mL by using in-house developed goniometric setup. Results show that 10 μg/mL GNRs in the phantom increase g by ~50% (g = 0.9471) w.r.t. phantom without NPs. Higher concentrations (40 μg/mL) of GNRs decrease g by ~43% (g = 0.5341) w.r.t. phantom with 10 μg/mL GNRs. For 40 μg/mL GNRs phantom, the anisotropy factor reduces by 47% for phantom thickness from 600 to 1800 μm. Anisotropy factor of GNR embedded phantom increased by 44% by using glycerol (10%-40%). Incorporation of NPs in a tumor significantly affects g, a major parameter for light distribution. These measurements provide insights for light scattering based on nanoparticle doses for plasmonic photothermal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Biomedical Applications Group, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Micro and Nano Optics Centre, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Soni
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Biomedical Applications Group, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Morrell S, Hatchell J, Wordingham F, Bennie J, Inston MJ, Gaston KJ. Changing streetlighting schemes and the ecological availability of darkness. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230555. [PMID: 38412961 PMCID: PMC10898964 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN), from streetlights and other sources, has a wide variety of impacts on the natural environment. A significant challenge remains, however, to predict at intermediate spatial extents (e.g. across a city) the ALAN that organisms experience under different lighting regimes. Here we use Monte Carlo radiative Transfer to model the three-dimensional lighting environment at, and just above, ground level, on the spatial scales at which animals and humans experience it. We show how this technique can be used to model a suite of both real and hypothetical lighting environments, mimicking the transition of public infrastructure between different lighting technologies. We then demonstrate how the behaviour of animals experiencing these simulated lighting environments can be emulated to probe the availability of darkness, and dark corridors, within them. Our simulations show that no single lighting technology provides an unmitigated alleviation of negative impacts within urban environments, and that holistic treatments of entire lighting environments should be employed when understanding how animals use and traverse them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Morrell
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Jennifer Hatchell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Freddy Wordingham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Jonathan Bennie
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Maisy J. Inston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Kevin J. Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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3
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Dai X, Chen Y. Computational Biomaterials: Computational Simulations for Biomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204798. [PMID: 35916024 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the flourishing development of material simulation methods (quantum chemistry methods, molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo, phase field, etc.), extensive adoption of computing technologies (high-throughput, artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc.), and the invention of high-performance computing equipment, computational simulation tools have sparked the fundamental mechanism-level explorations to predict the diverse physicochemical properties and biological effects of biomaterials and investigate their enormous application potential for disease prevention, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Herein, the term "computational biomaterials" is proposed and the computational methods currently used to explore the inherent properties of biomaterials, such as optical, magnetic, electronic, and acoustic properties, and the elucidation of corresponding biological behaviors/effects in the biomedical field are summarized/discussed. The theoretical calculation of the physiochemical properties/biological performance of biomaterials applied in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, disease therapeutics, and specific paradigms such as biomimetic biomaterials is discussed. Additionally, the biosafety evaluation applications of theoretical simulations of biomaterials are presented. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of such computational simulations for biomaterials development are clarified. It is anticipated that these simulations would offer various methodologies for facilitating the development and future clinical translations/utilization of versatile biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Dai
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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4
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He P, Yang G, Zhu D, Kong H, Corrales-Ureña YR, Colombi Ciacchi L, Wei G. Biomolecule-mimetic nanomaterials for photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancers: Bridging nanobiotechnology and biomedicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:483. [PMID: 36384717 PMCID: PMC9670580 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based phototherapy has become an important research direction for cancer therapy, but it still to face some obstacles, such as the toxic side effects and low target specificity. The biomimetic synthesis of nanomaterials using biomolecules is a potential strategy to improve photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) techniques due to their endowed biocompatibility, degradability, low toxicity, and specific targeting. This review presents recent advances in the biomolecule-mimetic synthesis of functional nanomaterials for PTT and PDT of cancers. First, we introduce four biomimetic synthesis methods via some case studies and discuss the advantages of each method. Then, we introduce the synthesis of nanomaterials using some biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, protein, peptide, polydopamine, and others, and discuss in detail how to regulate the structure and functions of the obtained biomimetic nanomaterials. Finally, potential applications of biomimetic nanomaterials for both PTT and PDT of cancers are demonstrated and discussed. We believe that this work is valuable for readers to understand the mechanisms of biomimetic synthesis and nanomaterial-based phototherapy techniques, and will contribute to bridging nanotechnology and biomedicine to realize novel highly effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozheng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Danzhu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yendry Regina Corrales-Ureña
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Lucio Colombi Ciacchi
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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5
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McMillan L, Bruce GD, Dholakia K. Meshless Monte Carlo radiation transfer method for curved geometries using signed distance functions. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-210394SSRRR. [PMID: 35927789 PMCID: PMC9350858 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.083003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Monte Carlo radiation transfer (MCRT) is the gold standard for modeling light transport in turbid media. Typical MCRT models use voxels or meshes to approximate experimental geometry. A voxel-based geometry does not allow for the precise modeling of smooth curved surfaces, such as may be found in biological systems or food and drink packaging. Mesh-based geometry allows arbitrary complex shapes with smooth curved surfaces to be modeled. However, mesh-based models also suffer from issues such as the computational cost of generating meshes and inaccuracies in how meshes handle reflections and refractions. AIM We present our algorithm, which we term signedMCRT (sMCRT), a geometry-based method that uses signed distance functions (SDF) to represent the geometry of the model. SDFs are capable of modeling smooth curved surfaces precisely while also modeling complex geometries. APPROACH We show that using SDFs to represent the problem's geometry is more precise than voxel and mesh-based methods. RESULTS sMCRT is validated against theoretical expressions, and voxel and mesh-based MCRT codes. We show that sMCRT can precisely model arbitrary complex geometries such as microvascular vessel network using SDFs. In comparison with the current state-of-the-art in MCRT methods specifically for curved surfaces, sMCRT is more precise for cases where the geometry can be defined using combinations of shapes. CONCLUSIONS We believe that SDF-based MCRT models are a complementary method to voxel and mesh models in terms of being able to model complex geometries and accurately treat curved surfaces, with a focus on precise simulation of reflections and refractions. sMCRT is publicly available at https://github.com/lewisfish/signedMCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McMillan
- University of St Andrews, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, St Andrews, Scotland
- Address all correspondence to Lewis McMillan,
| | - Graham D. Bruce
- University of St Andrews, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- University of St Andrews, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, St Andrews, Scotland
- Yonsei University, College of Science, Department of Physics, Seoul, South Korea
- The University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Capart A, Metwally K, Bastiancich C, Da Silva A. Multiphysical numerical study of photothermal therapy of glioblastoma with photoacoustic temperature monitoring in a mouse head. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1202-1223. [PMID: 35414964 PMCID: PMC8973158 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a multiphysical numerical study of a photothermal therapy performed on a numerical phantom of a mouse head containing a glioblastoma. The study has been designed to be as realistic as possible. Heat diffusion simulations were performed on the phantom to understand the temperature evolution in the mouse head and therefore in the glioblastoma. The thermal dose has been calculated and lesions caused by heat are shown. The thermal damage on the tumor has also been quantified. To improve the effectiveness of the therapy, the photoabsorber's concentration was increased locally, at the tumor site, to mimic the effect of using absorbing contrast agents such as nanoparticles. Photoacoustic simulations were performed in order to monitor temperature in the phantom: as the Grüneisen parameter changes with the temperature, the photoacoustic signal undergoes changes that can be linked to temperature evolution. These photoacoustic simulations were performed at different instants during the therapy and the evolution of the photoacoustic signal as a function of the spatio-temporal distribution of the temperature in the phantom was observed and quantified. We have developed in this paper a numerical tool that can be used to help defining key parameters of a photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Capart
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Khaled Metwally
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, Marseille, France
| | - Chiara Bastiancich
- Institute Neurophysiopathol, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Anabela Da Silva
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
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7
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Numerical Simulation of Enhancement of Superficial Tumor Laser Hyperthermia with Silicon Nanoparticles. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable and low-toxic silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have potential in different biomedical applications. Previous experimental studies revealed the efficiency of some types of SiNPs in tumor hyperthermia. To analyse the feasibility of employing SiNPs produced by the laser ablation of silicon nanowire arrays in water and ethanol as agents for laser tumor hyperthermia, we numerically simulated effects of heating a millimeter-size nodal basal-cell carcinoma with embedded nanoparticles by continuous-wave laser radiation at 633 nm. Based on scanning electron microscopy data for the synthesized SiNPs size distributions, we used Mie theory to calculate their optical properties and carried out Monte Carlo simulations of light absorption inside the tumor, with and without the embedded nanoparticles, followed by an evaluation of local temperature increase based on the bioheat transfer equation. Given the same mass concentration, SiNPs obtained by the laser ablation of silicon nanowires in ethanol (eSiNPs) are characterized by smaller absorption and scattering coefficients compared to those synthesized in water (wSiNPs). In contrast, wSiNPs embedded in the tumor provide a lower overall temperature increase than eSiNPs due to the effect of shielding the laser irradiation by the highly absorbing wSiNPs-containing region at the top of the tumor. Effective tumor hyperthermia (temperature increase above 42 °C) can be performed with eSiNPs at nanoparticle mass concentrations of 3 mg/mL and higher, provided that the neighboring healthy tissues remain underheated at the applied irradiation power. The use of a laser beam with the diameter fitting the size of the tumor allows to obtain a higher temperature contrast between the tumor and surrounding normal tissues compared to the case when the beam diameter exceeds the tumor size at the comparable power.
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8
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Costa C, Cavaco-Paulo A, Matamá T. Mapping hair follicle-targeted delivery by particle systems: What has science accomplished so far? Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121273. [PMID: 34763036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the hair follicle in the process of cutaneous drug penetration has been established since this skin appendage was recognized as an entry point for topically applied substances. A comprehensive review on the hair follicle as a target per se is here provided, exploring the current knowledge on both targeted regions and delivery systems that take advantage of this permeation route. The follicular penetration is a complex process, whose effectiveness and efficiency strongly depends on a diversity of different factors including follicular density and size, activity status of hair follicles and physicochemical properties of the topically applied substances. Nanocarriers represent a heterogeneous assembly of molecules organized into particles and they have revolutionized drug delivery in several areas of medicine, pharmacology and cosmetics. As they possess an inherent ability to use the follicular route, they are reviewed here having in perspective the hair follicle zones that they are able to reach as reported. In this way, a follicular road map for the different delivery systems was compiled to assist as a guiding tool for those that have interest in the development and/or application of such delivery systems for hair and skin treatment or care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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9
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Moran LJ, Wordingham F, Gardner B, Stone N, Harries TJ. An experimental and numerical modelling investigation of the optical properties of Intralipid using deep Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2021; 146:7601-7610. [PMID: 34783335 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Monte Carlo simulations were created to investigate the distribution of Raman signals in tissue phantoms and to validate the arctk code that was used. The aim was to show our code is capable of replicating experimental results in order to use it to advise similar future studies and to predict the outcomes. The experiment performed to benchmark our code used large volume liquid tissue phantoms to simulate the scattering properties of human tissue. The scattering agent used was Intralipid (IL), of various concentrations, filling a small quartz tank. A thin sample of PTFE was made to act as a distinct layer in the tank; this was our Raman signal source. We studied experimentally, and then reproduced via simulations, the variation in Raman signal strength in a transmission geometry as a function of the optical properties of the scattering agent and the location of the Raman material in the volume. We have also found that a direct linear extrapolation of scattering coefficients between concentrations of Intralipid is an incorrect assumption at lower concentrations when determining the optical properties. By combining experimental and simulation results, we have calculated different estimates of these scattering coefficients. The results of this study give insight into light propagation and Raman transport in scattering media and show how the location of maximum Raman signal varies as the optical properties change. The success of arctk in reproducing observed experimental signal behaviour will allow us in future to inform the development of noninvasive cancer screening applications (such as breast and prostate cancers) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Moran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - Freddy Wordingham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - Nicholas Stone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - Tim J Harries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
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10
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Duan C, Townley HE. Nanoparticles as Vectors to Tackle Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1729. [PMID: 34827727 PMCID: PMC8615916 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this Special Issue, "Nanoparticles for cancer therapy", was to offer readers a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into the various applications of nanoparticles in cancer treatments [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Duan
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Helen E Townley
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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11
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Saffari-Chaleshtori J, Shojaeian A, Heidarian E, Shafiee SM. Inhibitory Effects of Bilirubin on Colonization and Migration of A431 and SK-MEL-3 Skin Cancer Cells Compared with Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF). Cancer Invest 2021; 39:721-733. [PMID: 34279168 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1943428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of bilirubin on colony formation and cell migration of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer cell lines SK-MEL-3 and A431, compared with normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). The IC50 obtained from the MTT assay was 125, 100, and 75 μM bilirubin for HDF, A431, and SK-MEL-3 cells, respectively. The colony formation and cell migration of cancer cells, treated with 100 μM bilirubin, were reduced significantly (p < 0.05). Bilirubin decreased cell adhesion and inhibited cell colonization via inducing apoptosis and cell death. Also by interaction with migration main factors, bilirubin caused inhibition the cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Saffari-Chaleshtori
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Shojaeian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Friedman N, Dagan A, Elia J, Merims S, Benny O. Physical properties of gold nanoparticles affect skin penetration via hair follicles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 36:102414. [PMID: 34171468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug penetration through the skin is significant for both transdermal and dermal delivery. One mechanism that has attracted attention over the last two decades is the transport pathway of nanoparticles via hair follicle, through the epidermis, directly to the pilosebaceous unit and blood vessels. Studies demonstrate that particle size is an important factor for drug penetration. However, in order to gain more information for the purpose of improving this mode of drug delivery, a thorough understanding of the optimal physical particle properties is needed. In this study, we fabricated fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles (GNP) with a tight control over the size and shape. The effect of the particles' physical parameters on follicular penetration was evaluated histologically. We used horizontal human skin sections and found that the optimal size for polymeric particles is 0.25 μm. In addition, shape penetration experiments revealed gold nanostars' superiority over spherical particles. Our findings suggest the importance of the particles' physical properties in the design of nanocarriers delivered to the pilosebaceous unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethanel Friedman
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arie Dagan
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jhonathan Elia
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Hadassah Ein-Karem hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Merims
- Sharet Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Ein-Karem hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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13
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Ooi EH, Popov V, Alfano M, Cheong JKK. Influence of natural convection on gold nanorods-assisted photothermal treatment of bladder cancer in mice. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 37:634-650. [PMID: 32538190 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1771437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The thermally-induced urine flow can generate cooling that may alter the treatment outcome during hyperthermic treatments of bladder cancer. This paper investigates the effects of natural convection inside the bladder and at skin surface during gold nanorods (GNR) - assisted photothermal therapy (PTT) of bladder cancer in mice. Methods: 3D models of mouse bladder at orientations corresponding to the mouse positioned on its back, its side and its abdomen were examined. Numerical simulations were carried out for GNR volume fractions of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01% and laser power of 0.2 and 0.3 W. Results: The obtained results showed that cooling due to natural convection inside the bladder and above the skin depends on the mouse orientation. For a mouse positioned on its back, on its side or on its abdomen, the maximum temperature achieved inside the tumour at 0.001% GNR volume fraction and 0.2 W laser power was 55.2°C, 50.0°C and 52.2°C, respectively compared to 56.8°C when natural convection was not considered. The average thermal gradients when natural convection was considered were also lower, suggesting a more homogenous temperature distribution. Conclusions: Natural convection inside the bladder can be beneficial but also detrimental to GNR-assisted PTT depending on the level of heating. At low levels of heating due to low GNR volume fraction and/or laser power, flow inside the bladder may dissipate heat from the targeted tissue; making the treatment ineffective. At high levels of heating due to high GNR volume fraction and/or laser power, cooling may prevent excessive thermal damage to surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean H Ooi
- Ascend Technologies Ltd., Southampton, UK.,School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Jason K K Cheong
- Ascend Technologies Ltd., Southampton, UK.,School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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