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Kuan JE, Tsai CH, Chou CC, Wu C, Wu WF. Enzymatic Characterization of a Novel HSL Family IV Esterase EstD04 from Pseudomonas sp. D01 in Mealworm Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2023; 28:5410. [PMID: 37513282 PMCID: PMC10385968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. D01, capable of growing in tributyrin medium, was isolated from the gut microbiota of yellow mealworm. By using in silico analyses, we discovered a hypothesized esterase encoding gene in the D01 bacterium, and its encoded protein, EstD04, was classified as a bacterial hormone-sensitive lipase (bHSL) of the type IV lipase family. The study revealed that the recombinant EstD04-His(6x) protein exhibited esterase activity and broad substrate specificity, as it was capable of hydrolyzing p-nitrophenyl derivatives with different acyl chain lengths. By using the most favorable substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate (C4), we defined the optimal temperature and pH value for EstD04 esterase activity as 40 °C and pH 8, respectively, with a catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of 6.17 × 103 mM-1 s-1 at 40 °C. EstD04 demonstrated high stability between pH 8 and 10, and thus, it might be capably used as an alkaline esterase in industrial applications. The addition of Mg2+ and NH4+, as well as DMSO, could stimulate EstD04 enzyme activity. Based on bioinformatic motif analyses and tertiary structural simulation, we determined EstD04 to be a typical bHSL protein with highly conserved motifs, including a triad catalytic center (Ser160, Glu253, and His283), two cap regions, hinge sites, and an oxyanion hole, which are important for the type IV enzyme activity. Moreover, the sequence analysis suggested that the two unique discrete cap regions of EstD04 may contribute to its alkali mesophilic nature, allowing EstD04 to exhibit extremely distinct physiological properties from its evolutionarily closest esterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-En Kuan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Chou
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cindy Wu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Whei-Fen Wu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Nagaroor V, Gummadi SN. An overview of mammalian and microbial hormone-sensitive lipases (lipolytic family IV): biochemical properties and industrial applications. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-30. [PMID: 36154870 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2127071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, hormone-sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.79) is an intracellular lipase that significantly regulates lipid metabolism. Mammalian HSL is more active towards diacylglycerol but lacks a lid covering the active site. Dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, cancer, and cancer-associated cachexia are symptoms of HSL pathophysiology. Certain microbial proteins show a sequence homologous to the catalytic domain of mammalian HSL, hence called microbial HSL. They possess a funnel-shaped substrate-binding pocket and restricted length of acyl chain esters, thus known as esterases. These enzymes have broad substrate specificities and are capable of stereo, regio, and enantioselective, making them attractive biocatalysts in a wide range of industrial applications in the production of flavors, pharmaceuticals, biosensors, and fine chemicals. This review will provide insight into mammalian and microbial HSLs, their sources, structural features related to substrate specificity, thermal stability, and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Nagaroor
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology laboratory (AIM lab), Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology laboratory (AIM lab), Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Ahmed SF, Abdallah RZ, Siam R. Evaluation of a Thermophilic, Psychrostable, and Heavy Metal-Resistant Red Sea Brine Pool Esterase. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050274. [PMID: 35621925 PMCID: PMC9144027 DOI: 10.3390/md20050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolytic enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of ester compounds. They are valuable in the pulp, food, and textile industries. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the extreme properties of a hormone-sensitive lipase (EstATII-TM) isolated from the Red Sea Atlantis II brine pool. EstATII-TM was cloned, expressed, and its biochemical activities were assessed under different conditions. EstATII-TM catalytic properties and resistance to different metal ions were compared to commercial thermophilic esterases under different temperatures. Phylogenetically, EstATII-TM was assigned to the GDSAG motif subfamily of hormone-sensitive lipase. The optimal enzyme activity was evident at a temperature of 30 °C and pH 7–8. The enzyme retained 84.9% of its activity at 0.5 M NaCl. EstATII-TM maintained 93% to 97% activity at −40 and −20 °C, respectively. EstATII-TM activity was significantly enhanced, up to 10-fold, at temperatures ranging from 45 to 65 °C in the presence of 1 mM Cu2+, Cd2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. EstATII-TM showed superior catalytic activity and resistance-to/enhancement-by metal ions compared to two commercial thermophilic esterases. The Red Sea Atlantis II brine EstATII-TM is characterized by tolerance to high temperatures, stability to hot and cold conditions, as well as toxic heavy metal contamination, making it an ideal candidate for industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa F. Ahmed
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (S.F.A.); (R.Z.A.)
| | - Rehab Z. Abdallah
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (S.F.A.); (R.Z.A.)
- Max Planck institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rania Siam
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (S.F.A.); (R.Z.A.)
- University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Correspondence:
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Liu X, Zhou M, Xing S, Wu T, He H, Bielicki JK, Chen J. Identification and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Family Esterase Est19 from the Antarctic Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. E2-15. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1552. [PMID: 34827549 PMCID: PMC8615396 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esterases represent an important class of enzymes with a wide variety of industrial applications. A novel hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family esterase, Est19, from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. E2-15 is identified, cloned, and expressed. The enzyme possesses a GESAG motif containing an active serine (S) located within a highly conserved catalytic triad of Ser155, Asp253, and His282 residues. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of Est19 for the pNPC6 substrate is 148.68 s-1mM-1 at 40 °C. Replacing Glu154 juxtaposed to the critical catalytic serine with Asp (E154→D substitution) reduced the activity and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme two-fold, with little change in the substrate affinity. The wild-type enzyme retained near complete activity over a temperature range of 10-60 °C, while ~50% of its activity was retained at 0 °C. A phylogenetic analysis suggested that Est19 and its homologs may represent a new subfamily of HSL. The thermal stability and stereo-specificity suggest that the Est19 esterase may be useful for cold and chiral catalyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (X.L.); (S.X.); (T.W.)
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (X.L.); (S.X.); (T.W.)
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (X.L.); (S.X.); (T.W.)
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (X.L.); (S.X.); (T.W.)
| | - Hailun He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
| | | | - Jianbin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (X.L.); (S.X.); (T.W.)
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Le LTHL, Yoo W, Jeon S, Lee C, Kim KK, Lee JH, Kim TD. Biodiesel and flavor compound production using a novel promiscuous cold-adapted SGNH-type lipase ( HaSGNH1) from the psychrophilic bacterium Halocynthiibacter arcticus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:55. [PMID: 32190120 PMCID: PMC7074997 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodiesel and flavor compound production using enzymatic transesterification by microbial lipases provides mild reaction conditions and low energy cost compared to the chemical process. SGNH-type lipases are very effective catalysts for enzymatic transesterification due to their high reaction rate, great stability, relatively small size for convenient genetic manipulations, and ease of immobilization. Hence, it is highly important to identify novel SGNH-type lipases with high catalytic efficiencies and good stabilities. RESULTS A promiscuous cold-adapted SGNH-type lipase (HaSGNH1) from Halocynthiibacter arcticus was catalytically characterized and functionally explored. HaSGNH1 displayed broad substrate specificity that included tert-butyl acetate, glucose pentaacetate, and p-nitrophenyl esters with excellent stability and high efficiency. Important amino acids (N83, M86, R87, F131, and I173F) around the substrate-binding pocket were shown to be responsible for catalytic activity, substrate specificity, and reaction kinetics. Moreover, immobilized HaSGNH1 was used to produce high yields of butyl and oleic esters. CONCLUSIONS This work provides a molecular understanding of substrate specificities, catalytic regulation, immobilization, and industrial applications of a promiscuous cold-adapted SGNH-type lipase (HaSGNH1) from H. arcticus. This is the first analysis on biodiesel and flavor synthesis using a cold-adapted halophilic SGNH-type lipase from a Halocynthiibacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi Huong Luu Le
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 South Korea
| | - Wanki Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 South Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 440-746 South Korea
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 South Korea
| | - Changwoo Lee
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon, 21990 South Korea
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990 South Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 440-746 South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon, 21990 South Korea
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990 South Korea
| | - T. Doohun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 South Korea
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The Biomolecular Spectrum Drives Microbial Biology and Functions in Agri-Food-Environments. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030401. [PMID: 32143510 PMCID: PMC7175317 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biomolecules have huge commercial and industrial potential. In nature, biological interactions are mostly associated with biochemical and biological diversity, especially with the discovery of associated biomolecules from microbes. Within cellular or subcellular systems, biomolecules signify the actual statuses of the microorganisms. Understanding the biological prospecting of the diverse microbial community and their complexities and communications with the environment forms a vital basis for active, innovative biotechnological breakthroughs. Biochemical diversity rather than the specific chemicals that has the utmost biological importance. The identification and quantification of the comprehensive biochemical diversity of the microbial molecules, which generally consequences in a diversity of biological functions, has significant biotechnological potential. Beneficial microbes and their biomolecules of interest can assist as potential constituents for the wide-range of natural product-based preparations and formulations currently being developed on an industrial scale. The understanding of the production methods and functions of these biomolecules will contribute to valorisation of agriculture, food bioprocessing and biopharma, and prevent human diseases related to the environment.
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