1
|
Ganapathy A, Narayanan K, Chen Y, Villani C, George A. Dentin matrix protein 1 and HUVEC-ECM scaffold promote the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells into endothelial lineage: implications in regenerative medicine. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1429247. [PMID: 39040080 PMCID: PMC11260688 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1429247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Reprograming of the dental pulp somatic cells to endothelial cells is an attractive strategy for generation of new blood vessels. For tissue regeneration, vascularization of engineered constructs is crucial to improve repair mechanisms. In this study, we show that dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and HUVEC-ECM scaffold enhances the differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to an endothelial phenotype. Our results show that the differentiated DPSCs expressed endothelial markers CD31 and VE-Cadherin (CD144) at 7 and 14 days. Expression of CD31 and VE-Cadherin (CD144) were also confirmed by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis revealed a steady increase in CD31 and VE-Cadherin (CD144) positive cells with DMP1 treatment when compared with control. In addition, integrins specific for endothelial cells were highly expressed during the differentiation process. The endothelial cell signature of differentiated DPSCs were additionally characterized for key endothelial cell markers using gene expression by RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunostaining, and RNA-seq analysis. Furthermore, the angiogenic phenotype was confirmed by tubule and capillary sprout formation. Overall, stimulation of DPSCs by DMP1 and use of HUVEC-ECM scaffold promoted their differentiation into phenotypically, transcriptionally, and functionally differentiated bonafide endothelial cells. This study is novel, physiologically relevant and different from conventional strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iorio R, Petricca S, Mattei V, Delle Monache S. Horizontal mitochondrial transfer as a novel bioenergetic tool for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:491. [PMID: 38790026 PMCID: PMC11127344 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intercellular mitochondrial transfer (MT) is a newly discovered form of cell-to-cell signalling involving the active incorporation of healthy mitochondria into stressed/injured recipient cells, contributing to the restoration of bioenergetic profile and cell viability, reduction of inflammatory processes and normalisation of calcium dynamics. Recent evidence has shown that MT can occur through multiple cellular structures and mechanisms: tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), via gap junctions (GJs), mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other mechanisms (cell fusion, mitochondrial extrusion and migrasome-mediated mitocytosis) and in different contexts, such as under physiological (tissue homeostasis and stemness maintenance) and pathological conditions (hypoxia, inflammation and cancer). As Mesenchimal Stromal/ Stem Cells (MSC)-mediated MT has emerged as a critical regulatory and restorative mechanism for cell and tissue regeneration and damage repair in recent years, its potential in stem cell therapy has received increasing attention. In particular, the potential therapeutic role of MSCs has been reported in several articles, suggesting that MSCs can enhance tissue repair after injury via MT and membrane vesicle release. For these reasons, in this review, we will discuss the different mechanisms of MSCs-mediated MT and therapeutic effects on different diseases such as neuronal, ischaemic, vascular and pulmonary diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of MT and demonstrating its efficacy could be an important milestone that lays the foundation for future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Della Salute e delle Professioni Sanitarie, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V 44, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma M. Role of Hypoxia in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Pulp: Influence, Mechanism and Application. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01274-0. [PMID: 38713403 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental pulp (DP-MSCs), which include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from permanent teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), have emerged as highly promising cell sources for tissue regeneration, due to their high proliferative rate, multi-lineage differentiation capability and non-invasive accessibility. DP-MSCs also exert extensive paracrine effects through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and multiple trophic factors. To be noted, the microenvironment, commonly referred to as the stem cell niche, plays a crucial role in shaping the functionality and therapeutic effects of DP-MSCs, within which hypoxia has garnered considerable attention. Extensive research has demonstrated that hypoxic conditions profoundly impact DP-MSCs. Specifically, hypoxia promotes DP-MSC proliferation, survival, stemness, migration, and pro-angiogenic potential while modulating their multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Furthermore, hypoxia stimulates the paracrine activities of DP-MSCs, leading to an increased production of EVs and soluble factors. Considering these findings, hypoxia preconditioning has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic potential of DP-MSCs. In this comprehensive review, we provide a systematic overview of the influence of hypoxia on DP-MSCs, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms involved. Moreover, we also discuss the potential applications of hypoxia-preconditioned DP-MSCs or their secretome in tissue regeneration. Additionally, we delve into the methodologies employed to simulate hypoxic environments. This review aims to promote a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the hypoxia-induced effects on DP-MSCs and facilitate the refinement of regenerative therapeutic strategies based on DP-MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muyuan Ma
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mattei V, Delle Monache S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:779. [PMID: 38727315 PMCID: PMC11083223 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant interest in the field of regenerative medicine for their ability to potentially treat various diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mattei
- Department of Life Science, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khonglim K, Chuenjitkuntaworn B, Tamura Y, Fuangtharnthip P. Effects of Capsaicin on Migration and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Dental Pulp Cells. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38698615 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental pulp, a specialized mesenchymal tissue within teeth, is pivotal in dental health and tissue repair. Capsaicin, the primary pungent component of chili peppers, is known for its diverse pharmacological properties. While capsaicin's effects on various cell types have been studied, its impact on dental pulp cells remains relatively unexplored. This study investigated the influence of pure capsaicin extract on dental pulp cell behavior, focusing on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Capsaicin solution was prepared and diluted to various concentrations (1 nM, 0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, 1 µM, 10 µM, and 100 µM), then was tested on rat dental pulp cells (RPC-C2A). Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the MTT assay. Boyden chamber tests and wound healing were used for evaluating cell migration. The activity of ALP was determined to show cell function during dental pulp repair. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance or an independent-sample Kruskal-Wallis, followed by multiple comparison tests. RESULTS Capsaicin of 100 µM exhibited cytotoxicity, whereas those with lower concentrations stimulated cell proliferation. Wound healing assays revealed increased cell migration, particularly when cultured with 1 nM capsaicin (p = 0.002). Boyden chamber assays demonstrated enhanced cell invasion without statistical significance. ALP activity of dental pulp cells increased significantly at 1 nM (p < 0.001) and 1 µM (p = 0.021) capsaicin concentrations, indicating potential dentinogenesis and pulp repair. CONCLUSION Capsaicin of lower concentrations, less than 10 µM, is likely to promote proliferation, migration, and ALP activity of dental pulp cells. Our findings offer potential applications for capsaicin as a medication for dental pulp repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kittipot Khonglim
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Yukihiko Tamura
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan L, Sun J, Wang Y, Liu X, Hu J, Sun M, Suo X, Duan R, Yuan C. Lin28 affects the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells by directly inhibiting let-7b maturation. BDJ Open 2024; 10:17. [PMID: 38443392 PMCID: PMC10914815 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of Lin28 gene under certain conditions promotes tissue damage repair. However, it remains unknown whether conditional expression of Lin28 facilitates the recovery of damaged pulp tissue. In the study, we focus on exploring the effects and possible regulatory mechanisms of Lin28 on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS We adopted techniques such as the ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, RNA-protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis, and luciferase assays to study the regulation of hDPSCs by Lin28. Furthermore, gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses were also used in explored factors regulating hDPSCs activation. RESULTS The results show that Lin28 inhibited osteogenic differentiation by directly targets pre-let-7b. Through bioinformatics sequencing and dual luciferase experiments we learned that let-7b directly targets the IGF2BP2 3'UTR. Silencing of IGF2BP2 showed a similar biological effect as overexpression of let-7b. Overexpression of IGF2BP2 counteracted the differentiation-promoting effects produced by let-7b overexpression. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the RNA-binding protein Lin28 regulates osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by inhibiting let-7 miRNA maturation. And mature let-7b directly regulated the expression of IGF2BP2 by targeting the 3'UTR region of IGF2BP2 mRNA thus further inhibiting the differentiation of hDPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yan
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengxin Sun
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Suo
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongquan Duan
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Changyong Yuan
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Montenegro Raudales JL, Okuwa Y, Honda M. Dental Pulp Cell Transplantation Combined with Regenerative Endodontic Procedures Promotes Dentin Matrix Formation in Mature Mouse Molars. Cells 2024; 13:348. [PMID: 38391961 PMCID: PMC10886544 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are promising for dental pulp tissue regeneration; however, their application in permanent teeth remains challenging. We assessed the potential combination of an REP and local dental pulp cell (DPC) transplantation in the mature molars of C57BL/6 mice with (REP + DPC group) or without (REP group) transplantation of DPCs from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice. After 4 weeks, the regenerated tissue was evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histological analyses to detect odontoblasts, vasculogenesis, and neurogenesis. DPCs were assessed for mesenchymal and pluripotency markers. Four weeks after the REP, the molars showed no signs of periapical lesions, and both the REP and REP + DPC groups exhibited a pulp-like tissue composed of a cellular matrix with vessels surrounded by an eosin-stained acellular matrix that resembled hard tissue. However, the REP + DPC group had a broader cellular matrix and uniquely contained odontoblast-like cells co-expressing GFP. Vasculogenesis and neurogenesis were detected in both groups, with the former being more prominent in the REP + DPC group. Overall, the REP was achieved in mature mouse molars and DPC transplantation improved the outcomes by inducing the formation of odontoblast-like cells and greater vasculogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Montenegro Raudales
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Aichi, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.H.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Irfan M, Marzban H, Chung S. C5L2 CRISPR KO enhances dental pulp stem cell-mediated dentinogenesis via TrkB under TNFα-induced inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1338419. [PMID: 38318114 PMCID: PMC10839780 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1338419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dental caries is one of the most common human pathological conditions resulting from the invasion of bacteria into the dentin. Current treatment options are limited. In many cases, endodontic therapy leads to permanent pulp tissue loss. Dentin-pulp complex regeneration involves dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) that differentiate into odontoblast-like cells under an inflammatory context. However, limited information is available on how DPSC differentiation processes are affected under inflammatory environments. We identified the crucial role of complement C5a and its receptor C5aR in the inflammation-induced odontoblastic DPSC differentiation. Methodology: Here, we further investigated the role of a second and controversial C5a receptor, C5L2, in this process and explored the underlying mechanism. Human DPSCs were examined during 7-, 10-, and 14-day odontogenic differentiation treated with TNFα, C5L2 CRISPR, and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist [cyclotraxin-B (CTX-B)]. Results: Our data demonstrate that C5L2 CRISPR knockout (KO) enhances mineralization in TNFα-stimulated differentiating DPSCs. We further confirmed that C5L2 CRISPR KO significantly enhances dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) expression after 14-day odontoblastic DPSC differentiation, and treatment with CTX-B abolished the TNFα/C5L2 CRISPR KO-induced DSPP and DMP-1 increase, suggesting TrkB's critical role in this process. Conclusion and Key applications: Our data suggest a regulatory role of C5L2 and TrkB in the TNFα-induced odontogenic DPSC differentiation. This study may provide a useful tool to understand the mechanisms of the role of inflammation in dentinogenesis that is required for successful DPSC engineering strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Seung Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Santacroce C, Caissutti D, Spinello Z, Candelise N, Lancia L, Pulcini F, Delle Monache S, Mattei V. Analogies and Differences Between Dental Stem Cells: Focus on Secretome in Combination with Scaffolds in Neurological Disorders. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:159-174. [PMID: 37962698 PMCID: PMC10799818 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their beneficial effects, differentiation capacity and regenerative potential. Dental-derived MSCs (DSCs) are more easily accessible and have a non-invasive isolation method rather than MSCs isolated from other sources (umbilical cord, bone marrow, and adipose tissue). In addition, DSCs appear to have a relevant neuro-regenerative potential due to their neural crest origin. However, it is now known that the beneficial effects of MSCs depend, at least in part, on their secretome, referring to all the bioactive molecules (neurotrophic factors) released in the conditioned medium (CM) or in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) in particular exosomes (Exos). In this review, we described the similarities and differences between various DSCs. Our focus was on the secretome of DSCs and their applications in cell therapy for neurological disorders. For neuro-regenerative purposes, the secretome of different DSCs has been tested. Among these, the secretome of dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth have been the most widely studied. Both CM and Exos obtained from DSCs have been shown to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective effects as well as their combination with scaffold materials (to improve their functional integration in the tissue). For these reasons, the secretome obtained from DSCs in combination with scaffold materials may represent a promising tissue engineering approach for neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Via A.M. Ricci 35/A, 02100, Rieti, Italy
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Via A.M. Ricci 35/A, 02100, Rieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Caissutti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Niccolò Candelise
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 29900161, Rome, Italy
| | - Loreto Lancia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, della Salute e delle Professioni Sanitarie, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V 44, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li A, Li Z, Chiu W, Xiong C, Chen Q, Chen J, Lai X, Li W, Ke Q, Liu J, Zhang X. Efficient Treatment of Pulpitis via Transplantation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pericytes Partially through LTBP1-Mediated T Cell Suppression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3199. [PMID: 38137420 PMCID: PMC10740489 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp pericytes are reported to have the capacity to generate odontoblasts and express multiple cytokines and chemokines that regulate the local immune microenvironment, thus participating in the repair of dental pulp injury in vivo. However, it has not yet been reported whether the transplantation of exogenous pericytes can effectively treat pulpitis, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, using a lineage-tracing mouse model, we showed that most dental pulp pericytes are derived from cranial neural crest. Then, we demonstrated that the ablation of pericytes could induce a pulpitis-like phenotype in uninfected dental pulp in mice, and we showed that the significant loss of pericytes occurs during pupal inflammation, implying that the transplantation of pericytes may help to restore dental pulp homeostasis during pulpitis. Subsequently, we successfully generated pericytes with immunomodulatory activity from human pluripotent stem cells through the intermediate stage of the cranial neural crest with a high level of efficiency. Most strikingly, for the first time we showed that, compared with the untreated pulpitis group, the transplantation of hPSC-derived pericytes could substantially inhibit vascular permeability (the extravascular deposition of fibrinogen, ** p < 0.01), alleviate pulpal inflammation (TCR+ cell infiltration, * p < 0.05), and promote the regeneration of dentin (** p < 0.01) in the mouse model of pulpitis. In addition, we discovered that the knockdown of latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 (LTBP1) remarkably suppressed the immunoregulation ability of pericytes in vitro and compromised their in vivo regenerative potential in pulpitis. These results indicate that the transplantation of pericytes could efficiently rescue the aberrant phenotype of pulpal inflammation, which may be partially due to LTBP1-mediated T cell suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (A.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Weicheng Chiu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (A.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuanfeng Xiong
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Qian Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Junhua Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Xingqiang Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China;
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Ke
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Jia Liu
- VIP Medical Service Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xinchun Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (A.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bassett C, Triplett H, Lott K, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Differential Expression of MicroRNA (MiR-27, MiR-145) among Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) Following Neurogenic Differentiation Stimuli. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3003. [PMID: 38002003 PMCID: PMC10669296 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the expression of previously identified microRNAs known to regulate neuronal differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including miR-27, miR-125, miR-128, miR-135, miR-140, miR-145, miR-218 and miR-410, among dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) under conditions demonstrated to induce neuronal differentiation. Using an approved protocol, n = 12 DPSCs were identified from an existing biorepository and treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), which were previously demonstrated to induce neural differentiation markers including Sox1, Pax6 and NFM among these DPSCs. This study revealed that some microRNAs involved in the neuronal differentiation of MSCs were also differentially expressed among the DPSCs, including miR-27 and miR-145. In addition, this study also revealed that administration of bFGF and EGF was sufficient to modulate miR-27 and miR-145 expression in all of the stimulus-responsive DPSCs but not among all of the non-responsive DPSCs-suggesting that further investigation of the downstream targets of these microRNAs may be needed to fully evaluate and understand these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlton Bassett
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1700 West Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (C.B.); (H.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Hunter Triplett
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1700 West Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (C.B.); (H.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Keegan Lott
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1700 West Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (C.B.); (H.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
| | - Karl Kingsley
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Martellucci S, Santacroce C, Iorio E, Pisanu ME, Chirico M, Lancia L, Pulcini F, Manganelli V, Sorice M, Delle Monache S, Mattei V. Lipid rafts mediate multilineage differentiation of human dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs). Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1274462. [PMID: 38020931 PMCID: PMC10665896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1274462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell outer membranes contain glycosphingolipids and protein receptors, which are integrated into glycoprotein domains, known as lipid rafts, which are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including receptor-mediated signal transduction and cellular differentiation process. In this study, we analyzed the lipidic composition of human Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells (DPSCs), and the role of lipid rafts during the multilineage differentiation process. The relative quantification of lipid metabolites in the organic fraction of DPSCs, performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, showed that mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were the most representative species in the total pool of acyl chains, compared to polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFAs). In addition, the stimulation of DPSCs with different culture media induces a multilineage differentiation process, determining changes in the gangliosides pattern. To understand the functional role of lipid rafts during multilineage differentiation, DPSCs were pretreated with a typical lipid raft affecting agent (MβCD). Subsequently, DPSCs were inducted to differentiate into osteoblast, chondroblast and adipoblast cells with specific media. We observed that raft-affecting agent MβCD prevented AKT activation and the expression of lineage-specific mRNA such as OSX, PPARγ2, and SOX9 during multilineage differentiation. Moreover, this compound significantly prevented the tri-lineage differentiation induced by specific stimuli, indicating that lipid raft integrity is essential for DPSCs differentiation. These results suggest that lipid rafts alteration may affect the signaling pathway activated, preventing multilineage differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- High Resolution NMR Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Pisanu
- High Resolution NMR Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattea Chirico
- High Resolution NMR Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Loreto Lancia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, della Salute e delle Professioni Sanitarie, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mattei V, Delle Monache S. 10th Anniversary of Biomedicines-Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2183. [PMID: 37626680 PMCID: PMC10452608 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-specialized adult stem cells (ASCs), cells that reproduce to provide specific cytotypes [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim JH, Irfan M, Hossain MA, George A, Chung S. BDNF/TrkB Is a Crucial Regulator in the Inflammation-Mediated Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1851. [PMID: 37508514 PMCID: PMC10378460 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) associated with caries injury happens in an inflammatory context. We recently demonstrated that there is a link between inflammation and dental tissue regeneration, identified via enhanced DPSC-mediated dentinogenesis in vitro. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a nerve growth factor-related gene family molecule which functions through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). While the roles of BDNF in neural tissue repair and other regeneration processes are well identified, its role in dentinogenesis has not been explored. Furthermore, the role of BDNF receptor-TrkB in inflammation-induced dentinogenesis remains unknown. The role of BDNF/TrkB was examined during a 17-day odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Human DPSCs were subjected to odontogenic differentiation in dentinogenic media treated with inflammation inducers (LTA or TNFα), BDNF, and a TrkB agonist (LM22A-4) and/or antagonist (CTX-B). Our data show that BDNF and TrkB receptors affect the early and late stages of the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Immunofluorescent data confirmed the expression of BDNF and TrkB in DPSCs. Our ELISA and qPCR data demonstrate that TrkB agonist treatment increased the expression of dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) during early DPSC odontoblastic differentiation. Coherently, the expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) and osteocalcin (OCN) were increased. TNFα, which is responsible for a diverse range of inflammation signaling, increased the levels of expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and DMP1. Furthermore, BDNF significantly potentiated its effect. The application of CTX-B reversed this effect, suggesting TrkB`s critical role in TNFα-mediated dentinogenesis. Our studies provide novel findings on the role of BDNF-TrkB in the inflammation-induced odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. This finding will address a novel regulatory pathway and a therapeutic approach in dentin tissue engineering using DPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Seung Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.-H.K.); (M.I.); (M.A.H.); (A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Candelise N, Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Caissutti D, Spinello Z, Moliterni C, Lancia L, Delle Monache S, Mattei V, Misasi R. The Importance of Stem Cells Isolated from Human Dental Pulp and Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth as Therapeutic Approach in Nervous System Pathologies. Cells 2023; 12:1686. [PMID: 37443720 PMCID: PMC10340170 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, no therapies are available to halt or slow down the course of neuro-degenerative disorders. Most of the drugs developed to fight neurodegeneration are aimed to alleviate symptoms, but none has proven adequate in altering the course of the pathologies. Cell therapy has emerged as an intriguing alternative to the classical pharmacological approach. Cell therapy consists of the transplantation of stem cells that can be obtained from various embryonal and adult tissues. Whereas the former holds notable ethical issue, adult somatic stem cells can be obtained without major concerns. However, most adult stem cells, such as those derived from the bone marrow, are committed toward the mesodermal lineage, and hence need to be reprogrammed to induce the differentiation into the neurons. The discovery of neural crest stem cells in the dental pulp, both in adults' molar and in baby teeth (dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, respectively) prompted researchers to investigate their utility as therapy in nervous system disorders. In this review, we recapitulate the advancements on the application of these stem cells in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting differences and analogies in their maintenance, differentiation, and potential clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Candelise
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (F.S.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (F.S.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
- Department Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (Z.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Caissutti
- Department Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (Z.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (Z.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Camilla Moliterni
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Loreto Lancia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.L.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.L.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (F.S.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (Z.S.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fu Y, Cui S, Zhou Y, Qiu L. Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Mice Knee Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting TRPV4-Mediated Osteoclast Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4926. [PMID: 36902356 PMCID: PMC10003468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that causes chronic pain and joint swelling and even disables millions of patients. However, current non-surgical treatment for OA can only relieve pain without obvious cartilage and subchondral bone repair. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted exosomes have promising therapeutic effects on knee OA, but the efficacy of MSC-exosome therapy is not well determined, and the mechanisms involved are still unclear. In this study, we isolated dental pulp stem cell (DPSC)-derived exosomes by ultracentrifugation and determined the therapeutic effects of a single intra-articular injection of DPSC-derived exosomes in a mice knee OA model. The results showed that the DPSC-derived exosomes effectively improved abnormal subchondral bone remodeling, inhibited the occurrence of bone sclerosis and osteophytes, and alleviated cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation in vivo. Moreover, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) was activated during the progression of OA. Enhanced TRPV4 activation facilitated osteoclast differentiation, and TRPV4 inhibition blocked this process in vitro. DPSC-derived exosomes repressed osteoclast activation in vivo by inhibiting TRPV4 activation. Our findings demonstrated that a topical, single injection of DPSC-derived exosomes is a potential strategy for knee OA treatment, and that the exosomes regulated osteoclast activation by TRPV4 inhibition, which may act as a promising target for clinical OA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Fourth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengjie Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lixin Qiu
- Fourth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lott K, Collier P, Ringor M, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Administration of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) to Induce Neural Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) Isolates. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020255. [PMID: 36830791 PMCID: PMC9953474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging populations in many countries have developed many chronic illnesses and diseases, including chronic neurologic conditions such as Parkinson's and Azheimer's diseases. Many new lines of research and treatment are focusing on the potential for neurologic regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the rapidly growing field of regenerative medicine. This may include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which have recently been demonstrated to produce neuronal precursors. Based upon this evidence, the primary aim of this study was to determine if the growth factors used in MSC-based studies are sufficient to induce neuronal differentiation among DPSCs. Using an existing biorepository, n = 16 DPSC isolates were thawed and cultured for this study, which revealed several subpopulations of rapid-, intermediate-, and slowly dividing DPSCs. Administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were sufficient to induce differential changes in growth and viability mainly among some of the rapidly growing DPSCs (n = 4). These phenotypic changes included expression of neural differentiation markers including Sox1, Pax6 and NF-M, which were observed only among those DPSC isolates not expressing early odontoblast-specific biomarkers such as ALP and DSPP. Future studies will be needed to confirm if these methods are sufficient to induce consistent and reliable induction of DPSCs towards neuronal specific differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Lott
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Paris Collier
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Marc Ringor
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-774-2623
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Pulcini F, Santacroce C, Sorice M, Delle Monache S, Mattei V. Gangliosides and Their Role in Multilineage Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123112. [PMID: 36551867 PMCID: PMC9775755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are a glycolipid class present on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) surfaces with a critical appearance role in stem cell differentiation, even though their mechanistic role in signaling and differentiation remains largely unknown. This review aims to carry out a critical analysis of the predictive role of gangliosides as specific markers of the cellular state of undifferentiated and differentiated MSCs, towards the osteogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic, and adipogenic lineage. For this reason, we analyzed the role of GGs during multilineage differentiation processes of several types of MSCs such as Umbilical Cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs), Bone Marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), Dental Pulp derived MSCs (DPSCs), and Adipose derived MSCs (ADSCs). Moreover, we examined the possible role of GGs as specific cell surface markers to identify or isolate specific stem cell isotypes and their potential use as additional markers for quality control of cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dieterle MP, Gross T, Steinberg T, Tomakidi P, Becker K, Vach K, Kremer K, Proksch S. Characterization of a Stemness-Optimized Purification Method for Human Dental-Pulp Stem Cells: An Approach to Standardization. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203204. [PMID: 36291072 PMCID: PMC9600643 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising for oral/craniofacial regeneration, but their purification and characterization is not yet standardized. hDPSCs from three donors were purified by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)-assisted STRO-1-positive cell enrichment (+), colony derivation (c), or a combination of both (c/+). Immunophenotype, clonogenicity, stemness marker expression, senescence, and proliferation were analyzed. Multilineage differentiation was assessed by qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and extracellular matrix mineralization. To confirm the credibility of the results, repeated measures analysis and post hoc p-value adjustment were applied. All hDPSC fractions expressed STRO-1 and were similar for several surface markers, while their clonogenicity and expression of CD10/44/105/146, and 166 varied with the purification method. (+) cells proliferated significantly faster than (c/+), while (c) showed the highest increase in metabolic activity. Colony formation was most efficient in (+) cells, which also exhibited the lowest cellular senescence. All hDPSCs produced mineralized extracellular matrix. Regarding osteogenic induction, (c/+) revealed a significant increase in mRNA expression of COL5A1 and COL6A1, while osteogenic marker genes were detected at varying levels. (c/+) were the only population missing BDNF gene transcription increase during neurogenic induction. All hDPSCs were able to differentiate into chondrocytes. In summary, the three hDPSCs populations showed differences in phenotype, stemness, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. The data suggest that STRO-1-positive cell enrichment is the optimal choice for hDPSCs purification to maintain hDPSCs stemness. Furthermore, an (immuno) phenotypic characterization is the minimum requirement for quality control in hDPSCs studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tara Gross
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-27047460
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kremer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mu R, Chen B, Bi B, Yu H, Liu J, Li J, He M, Rong L, Liu B, Liu K, Zhu L, Shi X, Shuai Y, Jin L. LIM Mineralization Protein-1 Enhances the Committed Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells through the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK Pathways and BMP Signaling. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1307-1319. [PMID: 35928717 PMCID: PMC9346378 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.70411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is the preferred treatment for dentin and bone tissue defects. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been extensively studied for their use in tissue regeneration, including the regeneration of dentin and bone tissue. LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) is an intracellular non-secretory protein that plays a positive regulatory role in the mineralization process. In this study, an LMP-1-induced DPSCs model was used to explore the effect of LMP-1 on the proliferation and odonto/osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs, as well as the underlying mechanisms. As indicated by the cell counting kit-8 assay, the results showed that LMP-1 did not affect the proliferation of DPSCs. Overexpression of LMP-1 significantly promoted the committed differentiation of DPSCs and vice versa, as shown by alkaline phosphatase activity assay, alizarin red staining, western blot assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, and in vivo mineralized tissue formation assay. Furthermore, inhibiting the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways using specific pathway inhibitors showed that the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways attenuated the differentiation of DPSCs. Besides, the expression of BMP signaling pathway components were also determined, which suggested that LMP-1 could activate BMP-2/Smad1/5 signaling pathway. Our results not only indicated the underlying mechanism of LMP-1 treated DPSCs but also provided valuable insight into therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.,Stomatology Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong province, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Bo Bi
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hongchuan Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Maodian He
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Liang Rong
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yi Shuai
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, School of Stomatology of Southern Medical University, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| |
Collapse
|