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Reidelbach C, Swoboda M, Spraul M, Vach K, Patzelt SBM, Hellwig E, Polydorou O. Effects of erosion and abrasion on resin-matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials: An in vitro investigation. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12967. [PMID: 38105518 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of erosion and abrasion on resin-matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials [CERASMART (GC); VITA ENAMIC (VITA Zahnfabrik); Lava Ultimate (3 M)] in comparison to feldspar ceramic (VITABLOCS Mark II, VITA Zahnfabrik) and resin composite materials (ceram.x universal, Dentsply Sirona). Daily brushing and acid exposure were simulated using a brushing apparatus and a solution of 0.5 vol% citric acid. Microhardness, surface roughness, and substance loss were measured at baseline and after simulation of 1 and 3 years of function. All materials showed a decrease in microhardness after 3 years and an increase in surface roughness (Ra) after 1 and 3 years. The Ra increase was statistically significantly lower for the resin-matrix ceramics than for feldspar ceramic and similar to composite material. After 3 years, only feldspar ceramic showed no significant substance loss. In conclusion, resin-matrix ceramics demonstrate reduced roughening compared to feldspar ceramics, potentially improving restoration longevity by preventing plaque buildup, but differences in abrasion resistance suggest the need for further material-specific research. Future research should aim to replicate clinical conditions closely and to transition to in vivo trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Reidelbach
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Swoboda
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Spraul
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian B M Patzelt
- Praxis für Zahnmedizin, Zimmern ob Rottweil, Germany
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Rauch A, Heinzmann W, Rosentritt M, Hahnel S, Schmidt MB, Fuchs F, Koenig A. Aging and Fracture Resistance of Implant-Supported Molar Crowns with a CAD/CAM Resin Composite Veneer Structure. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5997. [PMID: 37762937 PMCID: PMC10532374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chipping of implant-supported molar crowns (iSCs) is a frequently reported complication. This study aimed to investigate the in-vitro aging and fracture resistance of iSCs with a CAD/CAM resin composite veneer structure fabricated with the Rapid Layer Technology (RLT) approach. Eight iSCs per group were fabricated by using two different CAD/CAM resin composites (Shofu Block HC: SH; Grandio blocs: GB) for veneer structures, and zirconia (ZrO2), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and cobalt-chromium (CoCr; control) as framework materials. The surfaces to be bonded were sandblasted, cleaned in an ultrasonic bath, and a coupling agent was applied. A self-adhesive resin luting composite was used to adhesively lute the veneer structures to the frameworks. The crowns were semi-permanently cemented to the abutments. After storage in deionized water, iSCs were loaded in a chewing simulator (TCML, 10,000 thermal cycles 5 °C to 55 °C for 20 s, 1.2 million, loading force 50 N). Four ZrO2 and one CoCr crown did not survive the TCML. The fracture force was determined after 24 h storage in deionized water and yielded values of ≥974 N. Lowest fracture forces were yielded in the PEEK-SH group in comparison to CoCr or ZrO2 groups (p ≤ 0.031). For identical framework materials, no significant influence of the veneering material was observed. All PEEK-GB frameworks fractured, and chipping occurred for ZrO2-SH and all CoCr frameworks. PEEK-SH and ZrO2-GB presented both chipping and framework fractures. Within the limitations of this in-vitro study, the RLT with a CAD/CAM resin composite veneer structure might be a promising approach to veneer iSCs. Yet, the choice of the CAD/CAM resin composite and of the framework material determine the fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Rauch
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Wendy Heinzmann
- Zahnärzte im Leipziger Westen, Karl-Heine-Straße 26, 04229 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Michael Benno Schmidt
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Florian Fuchs
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 10-12, Haus 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 10-12, Haus 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.F.); (A.K.)
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Unterschütz L, Fuchs F, Mayer LA, Koenig A, Challakh N, Schulz-Kornas E, Ziebolz D, Hahnel S. Influence of dental prophylaxis procedures on the tooth veneer interface in resin-based composite and polymer-infiltrated ceramic veneer restorations: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2595-2607. [PMID: 36502509 PMCID: PMC10264478 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of dental prophylaxis cleaning procedures and artificial aging on veneers in human teeth. The external marginal and internal tooth veneer as well as the restoration surfaces were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two extracted premolars were restored with resin-based composite (RBC) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) veneers. Artificial aging by alternating thermocycling and subsequent prophylaxis procedure (glycine-based powder air polishing or ultrasonic scaling) was conducted for five consecutive cycles. The external marginal interface was examined by height profile measurements and the internal interface was investigated using micro X-ray computed tomography. In addition, the surface texture of the veneer surface was analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS The application of both prophylaxis procedures resulted in a deepening of the marginal interface (10 µm ± 8 µm) for materials. Furthermore, the internal interface of PICN restorations showed marginal gaps after both treatments and artificial aging (16 µm ± 3 µm). In contrast to the RBC specimens, a significant increase in surface roughness was identified for PICN veneers after ultrasonic scaling. CONCLUSIONS The marginal and internal interface regions in veneers fabricated from PICN and RBC were affected by prophylaxis procedures. Furthermore, it may result in increased veneer surface roughness, especially in PICN and after ultrasonic scaling, which might affect bioadhesion and longevity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE After dental prophylaxis procedures, examination of the marginal and the internal interface as well as the veneer surface provides a precise insight into damage mechanisms and offers an assessment of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Unterschütz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Fuchs
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Laura-Antonia Mayer
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadia Challakh
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen Schulz-Kornas
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Fuchs F, Schmidtke J, Hahnel S, Koenig A. The influence of different storage media on Vickers hardness and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin composites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:13. [PMID: 36934208 PMCID: PMC10024666 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined Vickers hardness as well as surface characteristics of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composites prior to and after storage in various media. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAD/CAM resin composite blocks (Grandio Blocs (GB), Lava Ultimate (LU), Brilliant Crios (BC), Cerasmart (GC), Shofu Block HC (SB), Tetric CAD (TC), Luxacam Composite (LC); incl. different translucency variants) were prepared, polished and surface free energy was determined. The specimens were divided into four groups: dry conditions for 24 h (25 °C), demineralized water (37 °C), Pepsi Cola (37 °C) and 75% ethanol (37 °C). After seven and 28 days of storage, Vickers hardness was determined. Surface roughness was measured after the entire storage period. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vickers hardness was in the range of about 150 HV for GB, around 115 HV for LU, and 80-100 HV for BC, GC, SB, TC and LC. Only minor differences (total: 50.2 (6.4)-56.2 (3.2) mN/m) in surface free energy could be detected. No relationship was observed between surface free energy and filler content. However, a correlation between filler content and Vickers hardness was evident. Artificial aging caused a decrease of Vickers hardness (up to -40 HV or 35%) depending on storage media, duration and material. The changes in surface texture after immersion in different media were below a value of ΔSa = 0.015 µm. CONCLUSION Artificial aging of CAD/CAM resin composites leads to a significant decrease of Vickers hardness for most materials, while only small changes in surface roughness were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fuchs
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Julius Schmidtke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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