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Shen T, Li Y, Liu T, Lian Y, Kong L. Association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, high‑density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:39. [PMID: 38357242 PMCID: PMC10865299 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease is an emerging research area. The present review summarizes the basic characteristics of M. pneumoniae infection and its association with high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular health. M. pneumoniae primarily invades the respiratory tract and damages the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms including adhesion, invasion, secretion of metabolites, production of autoantibodies and stimulation of cytokine production. Additionally, the present review highlights the potential role of high-density lipoprotein for the development of prevention and intervention of M. pneumoniae infection and cardiovascular disease, and provides suggestions for future research directions and clinical practice. It is urgent to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the association between M. pneumoniae infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism, and cardiovascular disease and analyze the roles of the immune system and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhi Lian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Luke Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
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Bhattacharya S, Sadhukhan D, Saraswathy R. Role of sex in immune response and epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:1. [PMID: 38247002 PMCID: PMC10802034 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The functioning of the human immune system is highly dependent on the sex of the individual, which comes by virtue of sex chromosomes and hormonal differences. Epigenetic mechanisms such as X chromosome inactivation, mosaicism, skewing, and dimorphism in X chromosome genes and Y chromosome regulatory genes create a sex-based variance in the immune response between males and females. This leads to differential susceptibility in immune-related disorders like infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Various naturally available immunomodulators are also available which target immune pathways containing X chromosome genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sombodhi Bhattacharya
- Biomedical Genetics Research Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Debasmita Sadhukhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Radha Saraswathy
- Biomedical Genetics Research Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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Wang Y, Wang J, Feng J. Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy: Pathogenesis, influencing factors, and treatment options. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103449. [PMID: 37741528 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated degenerative disease of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammatory demyelination. It is primarily found in women of childbearing age, making pregnancy a significant concern for both patients with MS and clinicians. To assist these patients in achieving their desire for pregnancy, reducing MS relapses during all stages of pregnancy, preventing the progression of MS, mitigating the impact of MS treatment on the course and outcome of pregnancy, and a thorough understanding of the relationship between pregnancy and MS, as well as specific management and the application of relevant medications for MS patients at each stage of pregnancy, are essential. This article provides an update on pregnancy-related issues in women with MS, including the general recommendations for management at each stage of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St., Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St., Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St., Shenyang 110004, China.
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Yousof SM, Alghamdi BS, Alqurashi T, Alam MZ, Tash R, Tanvir I, Kaddam LA. Modulation of Gut Microbiome Community Mitigates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model: The Promising Role of Palmaria palmata Alga as a Prebiotic. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1355. [PMID: 37895826 PMCID: PMC10610500 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red marine algae have shown the potential to reduce inflammation, influence microbiota, and provide neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE To examine the prebiotic properties of Palmaria palmata aqueous extract (Palmaria p.) and its potential as a neuroprotective agent in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS eighty-eight adult Swiss mice were divided into four male and four female groups, including a control group (distilled water), Palmaria p.-treated group (600 mg/kg b.w.), cuprizone (CPZ)-treated group (mixed chow 0.2%), and a group treated with both CPZ and Palmaria p. The experiment continued for seven weeks. CPZ treatment terminated at the end of the 5th week, with half of the mice sacrificed to assess the demyelination stage. To examine the spontaneous recovery, the rest of the mice continued until the end of week seven. Behavioral (grip strength (GS) and open field tests (OFT)), microbiome, and histological assessments for general morphology of corpus callous (CC) were all conducted at the end of week five and week 7. RESULTS Palmaria p. can potentially protect against CPZ-induced MS with variable degrees in male and female Swiss mice. This protection was demonstrated through three key findings: (1) increased F/B ratio and expansion of the beneficial Lactobacillus, Proteobacteria, and Bactriodia communities. (2) Protection against the decline in GS induced by CPZ and prevented CPZ-induced anxiety in OFT. (3) Preservation of structural integrity. CONCLUSIONS Because of its propensity to promote microbiota alterations, its antioxidant activity, and its content of -3 fatty acids, Palmaria p. could be a promising option for MS patients and could be beneficial as a potential probiotic for the at-risk groups as a preventive measure against MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Mohammad Yousof
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Preclinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alqurashi
- Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, Pharmacology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Tash
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 3753450, Egypt
| | - Imrana Tanvir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lamis AbdelGadir Kaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum 11211, Sudan
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Caria P, Pilotto S, D'Alterio MN, Fronza M, Murgia F, Frau J, Fenu G, Dettori T, Frau DV, Atzori L, Angioni S, Cocco E, Lorefice L. Leukocyte telomere length in women with multiple sclerosis: Comparison with healthy women during pregnancy and puerperium. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 381:578137. [PMID: 37356355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies indicated leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as a biomarker of multiple sclerosis (MS) evolution. This study aimed to investigate LTL in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to that in healthy women (HW) across different reproductive phases, and to evaluate its relationship with MS activity. METHODS Blood samples were collected from women with MS and HW during the fertile phase, pregnancy, and puerperium. LTL was determined using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). RESULTS Blood samples from 68 women with MS (22 during fertile life, 23 during pregnancy, and 23 post-partum) and 52 HW (23 during fertile life, 20 during pregnancy, and 9 post-partum) were analyzed. During pregnancy, LTL in MS women and HW was 84.7 ± 10.5 and 77.6 ± 11.5, respectively (p < 0.005). Regression analysis showed that shorter LTL was associated with pregnancy in HW (p = 0.021); this relationship was not observed in MS women, for whom shorter LTL was related to a higher EDSS (p = 0.036). A longitudinal analysis was performed in eight MS women, showing LTL shortening from pregnancy to puerperium (p = 0.003), which was related to MS reactivation (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION Our results highlight the possible associations between LTL, reproductive biological phases, and MS activity after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - S Pilotto
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M N D'Alterio
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Fronza
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Murgia
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - J Frau
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Fenu
- Department of Neurosciences, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - T Dettori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D V Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Atzori
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - S Angioni
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Cocco
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Lorefice
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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Lorefice L, Fenu G, Fronza M, Murgia F, Frau J, Coghe G, Barracciu MA, Atzori L, Angioni S, Cocco E. Menopausal transition in multiple sclerosis: relationship with disease activity and brain volume measurements. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1251667. [PMID: 37602270 PMCID: PMC10434500 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1251667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence has shown a significant association between menopause and multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. This study investigated the possible role of menopause in influencing MS from clinical and neuroradiological perspectives. Notably, the possible association between menopause and brain atrophy has been evaluated. Materials and methods This study included women with MS whose ages ranged from 45 to 55 years. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected, and the reproductive phase was defined as non-menopausal or menopausal based on the final menstrual period. Thus, MS activity over the past year was reported as the annualised relapse rate (ARR), and MRI activity (defined as new T2 lesions and/or the presence of gadolinium-enhancing lesions at the last MRI assessment in comparison with the MRI performed within the previous 12 months) were compared between non-menopausal women (non-MW) and menopausal women (MW). Volume measurements of the whole brain (WB), white matter (WM), grey matter (GM), and cortical GM were estimated using the SIENAX software, and the possible relationship with menopausal status was assessed by regression analysis. Results The study included 147 women with MS. Eighty-four (57.1%) were MW, with a mean age of 48.5 ± 4.3 years at menopause onset and a mean duration of menopause of 4.1 ± 1.1 years. When compared for ARR, MW reported a lower rate than the non-MW (ARR of 0.29 ± 0.4 vs. 0.52 ± 0.5; p < 0.01). MRI activity was observed in 13.1% of MW and 20.6% of non-MW (p = 0.03). Lower cortical GM volumes (578.1 ± 40.4 mL in MW vs. 596.9 ± 35.8 mL in non-MW; p < 0.01) have also been reported. Finally, multivariate analysis showed a significant association of lower ARR (p = 0.001) and cortical GM volume (p = 0.002) with menopausal status after correction for chronological age and other variables. Discussion Menopause may be an adverse prognostic factor of MS. Our preliminary results suggest that menopause may facilitate cortical GM atrophy, probably due to a decline in the neuroprotective effects of estrogen, with negative effects on MS evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Lorefice
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Neurosciences, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marzia Fronza
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Murgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jessica Frau
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Coghe
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Angioni
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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