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Melcón-Fernandez E, Martín-Encinas E, Palacios F, Galli G, Reguera RM, Martínez-Valladares M, Balaña-Fouce R, Alonso C, Pérez-Pertejo Y. Antileishmanial Effect of 1,5- and 1,8-Substituted Fused Naphthyridines. Molecules 2023; 29:74. [PMID: 38202656 PMCID: PMC10780244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the absence of a vaccine, there is a need to find new drugs for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases, such as leishmaniasis, that can overcome the many drawbacks of those currently used. These disadvantages include cost, the need to maintain a cold chain, the route of administration, the associated adverse effects and the generation of resistance. In this work we have evaluated the antileishmanial effect of 1,5- and 1,8-substituted fused naphthyridines through in vitro and ex vivo assays, using genetically modified axenic and intramacrophagic Leishmania infantum amastigotes. The toxicity of these compounds has been tested in the mammalian host cell using murine splenic macrophages, as well as in murine intestinal organoids (miniguts) in order to assess their potential for oral administration. The 1,8- derivatives showed greater leishmanicidal activity and the presence of a nitrogen atom in the fused ring to the naphthyridine was important to increase the activity of both types of molecules. The aromatization of the pyridine ring also had marked differences in the activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Melcón-Fernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - Endika Martín-Encinas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gulio Galli
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
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Milusheva M, Gledacheva V, Stefanova I, Feizi-Dehnayebi M, Mihaylova R, Nedialkov P, Cherneva E, Tumbarski Y, Tsoneva S, Todorova M, Nikolova S. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Anthranilic Acid Hybrid and Its Diamides as Antispasmodics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13855. [PMID: 37762158 PMCID: PMC10530836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article focuses on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel anthranilic acid hybrid and its diamides as antispasmodics. Methods: Due to the predicted in silico methods spasmolytic activity, we synthesized a hybrid molecule of anthranilic acid and 2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethylamine. The obtained hybrid was then applied in acylation with different acyl chlorides. Using in silico analysis, pharmacodynamic profiles of the compounds were predicted. A thorough biological evaluation of the compounds was conducted assessing their in vitro antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory activity, and ex vivo spasmolytic activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation, including geometry optimization, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface, and HOMO-LUMO analysis for the synthesized compounds was conducted using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method to explore the electronic behavior, reactive regions, and stability and chemical reactivity of the compounds. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation along with viscosity measurement indicated that the newly synthesized compounds interact with DNA via groove binding mode. The obtained results from all the experiments demonstrate that the hybrid molecule and its diamides inherit spasmolytic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory capabilities, making them excellent candidates for future medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena Milusheva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.T.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Gledacheva
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Iliyana Stefanova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan P.O. Box 98135-674, Iran;
| | - Rositsa Mihaylova
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy, Department “Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology”, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emiliya Cherneva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Build. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yulian Tumbarski
- Department of Microbiology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Slava Tsoneva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mina Todorova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Stoyanka Nikolova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.T.)
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Todorova M, Milusheva M, Kaynarova L, Georgieva D, Delchev V, Simeonova S, Pilicheva B, Nikolova S. Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles-A Tool for Delivery of a Mebeverine Precursor in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1593. [PMID: 37371688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, multifactorial illnesses of the gastrointestinal tract include inflammatory bowel diseases. One of the greatest methods for regulated medicine administration in a particular region of inflammation is the nanoparticle system. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been utilized as drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical industry. The goal of the current study is to synthesize drug-loaded Ag NPs using a previously described 3-methyl-1-phenylbutan-2-amine, as a mebeverine precursor (MP). Methods: A green, galactose-assisted method for the rapid synthesis and stabilization of Ag NPs as a drug-delivery system is presented. Galactose was used as a reducing and capping agent forming a thin layer encasing the nanoparticles. Results: The structure, size distribution, zeta potential, surface charge, and the role of the capping agent of drug-loaded Ag NPs were discussed. The drug release of the MP-loaded Ag NPs was also investigated. The Ag NPs indicated a very good drug release between 80 and 85%. Based on the preliminary results, Ag NPs might be a promising medication delivery system for MP and a useful treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, future research into the potential medical applications of the produced Ag NPs is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Todorova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Miglena Milusheva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Lidia Kaynarova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Deyana Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vassil Delchev
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislava Simeonova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Bissera Pilicheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyanka Nikolova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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