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Karanfil AS, Louis F, Sowa Y, Matsusaki M. Polyelectrolyte nanofilms on cell surface can induce brown adipogenic differentiation of DFATs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150432. [PMID: 39043001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its related health issues significantly burden public health systems. Brown adipose tissue holds promise for addressing metabolic disorders and balancing the body's energy, making it a key research focus. Stimulating brown adipogenesis from stem cells could advance regenerative medicine and healthcare. In our previous research, we discovered that poly-l-lysine (PLL) significantly stimulates brown adipogenesis in three-dimensional differentiation of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) within fibrin gels. In this study, we evaluated polyelectrolyte (PE) nanofilms made of PLL and dextran sulfate, applied directly to DFAT surfaces to improve brown adipogenic differentiation through an innovative approach. This approach involved coating the DFAT surfaces with PE nanofilms, forming a multilayer structure that not only provided a supportive matrix but also facilitated the adsorption of essential molecules like T3 and insulin for brown adipogenesis. DFATs coated with three PE layers and encapsulated in fibrin gel showed a significant increase in the adipogenic marker UCP1 gene expression and content. This PLL-based PE nanofilm coating on DFAT surfaces can be a novel and crucial technology for promoting brown adipogenesis in regenerative medicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Sena Karanfil
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
| | - Fiona Louis
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan; Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan.
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Kim D, Heo J, Song B, Lee G, Hong C, Jiang Z, Lee S, Lee K, Kim M, Park MH. 3D in vitro synovial hyperplasia model on polycaprolactone-micropatterned nanofibrous microwells for screening disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101061. [PMID: 38711937 PMCID: PMC11070697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known to be caused by autoimmune disorders and can be partially alleviated through Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) therapy. However, due to significant variations in the physical environment and condition of each RA patient, the types and doses of DMARDs prescribed can differ greatly. Consequently, there is a need for a platform based on patient-derived cells to determine the effectiveness of specific DMARDs for individual patient. In this study, we established an RA three-dimensional (3D) spheroid that mimics the human body's 3D environment, enabling high-throughput assays by culturing patient-derived synovial cells on a macroscale-patterned polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patient and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured to simulate vascular delivery. Additionally, RA characteristics were identified at both the genetic and cytokine levels using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and dot blot assay. The similarities in junctions and adhesion were demonstrated in both actual RA patient tissues and 3D spheroids. The 3D RA spheroid was treated with representative DMARDs, observing changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and inflammatory cytokine responses to confirm the varying cell reactions depending on the DMARDs used. This study underscores the significance of the 3D drug screening platform, which can be applied to diverse inflammatory disease treatments as a personalized drug screening system. We anticipate that this platform will become an indispensable tool for advancing and developing personalized DMARD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Heo
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Boa Song
- THEDONEE Inc., Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyubok Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changgi Hong
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhuomin Jiang
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohui Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, 145, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyo Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Park
- THEDONEE Inc., Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Chen P, Zhou T, Zeng J, Liu Z, Wang R, Xu Y, Yin W, Rong M. Co-culture of STRO1 + human gingival mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in 3D spheroids: enhanced in vitro osteogenic and angiogenic capacities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1378035. [PMID: 38770153 PMCID: PMC11102987 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1378035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell spheroid is a promising graft substitute for bone tissue engineering. Spheroids obtained by 3D culture of STRO1+ Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells (sGMSCs) (sGMSC spheroids, GS) seldom express angiogenic factors, limiting their angiogenic differentiation in vivo. This study introduced a novel stem cell spheroid with osteogenic and angiogenic potential through 3D co-culture of sGMSCs and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) (sGMSC/HUVEC spheroids, GHS). GHS with varying seeding ratios of sGMSCs to HUVECs (GHR) were developed. Cell fusion within the GHS system was observed via immunofluorescence. Calcein-AM/PI staining and chemiluminescence assay indicated cellular viability within the GHS. Furthermore, osteogenic and angiogenic markers, including ALP, OCN, RUNX2, CD31, and VEGFA, were quantified and compared with the control group comprising solely of sGMSCs (GS). Incorporating HUVECs into GHS extended cell viability and stability, initiated the expression of angiogenic factors CD31 and VEGFA, and upregulated the expression of osteogenic factors ALP, OCN, and RUNX2, especially when GHS with a GHR of 1:1. Taken together, GHS, derived from the 3D co-culture of sGMSCs and HUVECs, enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic capacities in vitro, extending the application of cell therapy in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuwei Yin
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yun C, Kim SH, Kim KM, Yang MH, Byun MR, Kim JH, Kwon D, Pham HTM, Kim HS, Kim JH, Jung YS. Advantages of Using 3D Spheroid Culture Systems in Toxicological and Pharmacological Assessment for Osteogenesis Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2512. [PMID: 38473760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone differentiation is crucial for skeletal development and maintenance. Its dysfunction can cause various pathological conditions such as rickets, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, or Paget's disease. Although traditional two-dimensional cell culture systems have contributed significantly to our understanding of bone biology, they fail to replicate the intricate biotic environment of bone tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell cultures have gained widespread popularity for addressing bone defects. This review highlights the advantages of employing 3D culture systems to investigate bone differentiation. It highlights their capacity to mimic the complex in vivo environment and crucial cellular interactions pivotal to bone homeostasis. The exploration of 3D culture models in bone research offers enhanced physiological relevance, improved predictive capabilities, and reduced reliance on animal models, which have contributed to the advancement of safer and more effective strategies for drug development. Studies have highlighted the transformative potential of 3D culture systems for expanding our understanding of bone biology and developing targeted therapeutic interventions for bone-related disorders. This review explores how 3D culture systems have demonstrated promise in unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing bone homeostasis and responses to pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawon Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hye Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hee Kim
- Department of Medical Beauty Care, Dongguk University Wise, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Huyen T M Pham
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sop Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Prabhakaran V, Melchels FP, Murray LM, Paxton JZ. Engineering three-dimensional bone macro-tissues by guided fusion of cell spheroids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1308604. [PMID: 38169965 PMCID: PMC10758461 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1308604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bioassembly techniques for the application of scaffold-free tissue engineering approaches have evolved in recent years toward producing larger tissue equivalents that structurally and functionally mimic native tissues. This study aims to upscale a 3-dimensional bone in-vitro model through bioassembly of differentiated rat osteoblast (dROb) spheroids with the potential to develop and mature into a bone macrotissue. Methods dROb spheroids in control and mineralization media at different seeding densities (1 × 104, 5 × 104, and 1 × 105 cells) were assessed for cell proliferation and viability by trypan blue staining, for necrotic core by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and for extracellular calcium by Alizarin red and Von Kossa staining. Then, a novel approach was developed to bioassemble dROb spheroids in pillar array supports using a customized bioassembly system. Pillar array supports were custom-designed and printed using Formlabs Clear Resin® by Formlabs Form2 printer. These supports were used as temporary frameworks for spheroid bioassembly until fusion occurred. Supports were then removed to allow scaffold-free growth and maturation of fused spheroids. Morphological and molecular analyses were performed to understand their structural and functional aspects. Results Spheroids of all seeding densities proliferated till day 14, and mineralization began with the cessation of proliferation. Necrotic core size increased over time with increased spheroid size. After the bioassembly of spheroids, the morphological assessment revealed the fusion of spheroids over time into a single macrotissue of more than 2.5 mm in size with mineral formation. Molecular assessment at different time points revealed osteogenic maturation based on the presence of osteocalcin, downregulation of Runx2 (p < 0.001), and upregulated alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.01). Discussion With the novel bioassembly approach used here, 3D bone macrotissues were successfully fabricated which mimicked physiological osteogenesis both morphologically and molecularly. This biofabrication approach has potential applications in bone tissue engineering, contributing to research related to osteoporosis and other recurrent bone ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothini Prabhakaran
- Anatomy@Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ferry P.W. Melchels
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lyndsay M. Murray
- Anatomy@Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Euan McDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Z. Paxton
- Anatomy@Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Killinger M, Kratochvilová A, Reihs EI, Matalová E, Klepárník K, Rothbauer M. Microfluidic device for enhancement and analysis of osteoblast differentiation in three-dimensional cell cultures. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:77. [PMID: 38098075 PMCID: PMC10722696 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are to date the gold standard in biomedical research fields due to their enhanced biological functions compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. 3D cell spheroids, as well as organoids, are better suited to replicate tissue functions, which enables their use both as in vitro models for basic research and toxicology, as well as building blocks used in tissue/organ biofabrication approaches. Culturing 3D spheroids from bone-derived cells is an emerging technology for both disease modelling and drug screening applications. Bone tissue models are mainly limited by the implementation of sophisticated devices and procedures that can foster a tissue-specific 3D cell microenvironment along with a dynamic cultivation regime. In this study, we consequently developed, optimized and characterized an advanced perfused microfluidic platform to improve the reliability of 3D bone cell cultivation and to enhance aspects of bone tissue maturation in vitro. Moreover, biomechanical stimulation generated by fluid flow inside the arrayed chamber, was used to mimic a more dynamic cell environment emulating a highly vascularized bone we expected to improve the osteogenic 3D microenvironment in the developed multifunctional spheroid-array platform. The optimized 3D cell culture protocols in our murine bone-on-a-chip spheroid model exhibited increased mineralization and viability compared to static conditions. As a proof-of-concept, we successfully confirmed on the beneficial effects of a dynamic culture environment on osteogenesis and used our platform for analysis of bone-derived spheroids produced from primary human pre-osteoblasts. To conclude, the newly developed system represents a powerful tool for studying human bone patho/physiology in vitro under more relevant and dynamic culture conditions converging the advantages of microfluidic platforms with multi-spheroid array technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Killinger
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Kratochvilová
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Ingeborg Reihs
- Cell Chip Group, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Matalová
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klepárník
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Cell Chip Group, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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