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Wang X, Chen Q, Li J, Tian W, Liu Z, Chen T. Recent adavances of functional modules for tooth regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7497-7518. [PMID: 39021127 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dental diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disorders, constitute a major global health challenge, affecting millions worldwide and often resulting in tooth loss. Traditional dental treatments, though beneficial, typically cannot fully restore the natural functions and structures of teeth. This limitation has prompted growing interest in innovative strategies for tooth regeneration methods. Among these, the use of dental stem cells to generate functional tooth modules represents an emerging and promising approach in dental tissue engineering. These modules aim to closely replicate the intricate morphology and essential physiological functions of dental tissues. Recent advancements in regenerative research have not only enhanced the assembly techniques for these modules but also highlighted their therapeutic potential in addressing various dental diseases. In this review, we discuss the latest progress in the construction of functional tooth modules, especially on regenerating dental pulp, periodontal tissue, and tooth roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Huang Q, Sun Y, Huang W, Zhang F, He H, He Y, Huang F. FTO Positively Regulates Odontoblastic Differentiation via SMOC2 in Human Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla under Inflammatory Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4045. [PMID: 38612855 PMCID: PMC11012055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Odontoblastic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla (hSCAPs) is crucial for continued root development and dentin formation in immature teeth with apical periodontitis (AP). Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) has been reported to regulate bone regeneration and osteogenic differentiation profoundly. However, the effect of FTO on hSCAPs remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the potential function of FTO in hSCAPs' odontoblastic differentiation under normal and inflammatory conditions and to investigate its underlying mechanism preliminarily. Histological staining and micro-computed tomography were used to evaluate root development and FTO expression in SD rats with induced AP. The odontoblastic differentiation ability of hSCAPs was assessed via alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. Gain- and loss-of-function assays and online bioinformatics tools were conducted to explore the function of FTO and its potential mechanism in modulating hSCAPs differentiation. Significantly downregulated FTO expression and root developmental defects were observed in rats with AP. FTO expression notably increased during in vitro odontoblastic differentiation of hSCAPs, while lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibited FTO expression and odontoblastic differentiation. Knockdown of FTO impaired odontoblastic differentiation, whereas FTO overexpression alleviated the inhibitory effects of LPS on differentiation. Furthermore, FTO promoted the expression of secreted modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2), and the knockdown of SMOC2 in hSCAPs partially attenuated the promotion of odontoblastic differentiation mediated by FTO overexpression under LPS-induced inflammation. This study revealed that FTO positively regulates the odontoblastic differentiation ability of hSCAPs by promoting SMOC2 expression. Furthermore, LPS-induced inflammation compromises the odontoblastic differentiation of hSCAPs by downregulating FTO, highlighting the promising role of FTO in regulating hSCAPs differentiation under the inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Q.H.); (Y.S.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (H.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Q.H.); (Y.S.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (H.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Wushuang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Q.H.); (Y.S.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (H.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Q.H.); (Y.S.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (H.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Q.H.); (Y.S.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (H.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yifan He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Q.H.); (Y.S.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (H.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Q.H.); (Y.S.); (W.H.); (F.Z.); (H.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
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Smoczer C, Park YK, Herrington JB, Askar MA, Plecha S, Krukonis E, Paurazas SB. A Potential Intracanal Medicament, 2-Hydroxyisocaproic Acid (HICA): Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, and Its Effect on SCAP Differentiation. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:270. [PMID: 38132408 PMCID: PMC10743052 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracanal medicaments with maximal antimicrobial efficacy and minimal damage to resident stem cells are essential for successful regenerative endodontic procedures. 2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) could have the attributes of a potential intracanal medicament. This study evaluates its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and effects on the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP). Cytotoxicity and cell viability assays were performed on cells treated for 24, 48, and 72 h with varying concentrations of HICA and compared to the standard intracanal medicament, calcium hydroxide. The genotoxicity was assessed via immunofluorescence for two markers of DNA double-strand breaks: phosphorylated γH2AX and 53BP1. The SCAP differentiation was evaluated based on the alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin Red staining, and expression of odontogenic and osteogenic genes (DSPP1, BSP1, OCN, RUNX2) in the presence of selected HICA concentrations. HICA was not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 10 mg/mL, regardless of the exposure time, although it was cytostatic at all tested concentrations. HICA was not genotoxic at concentrations below 5 mg/mL. No difference in cytotoxicity or genotoxicity was found between HICA and calcium hydroxide at 1 mg/mL. HICA retained about 70% of the osteogenic differentiation potential at 1 mg/mL. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we show that HICA at 1 mg/mL could be a potential intracanal medicament for REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Smoczer
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (C.S.); (S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Yun K. Park
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
| | - James B. Herrington
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
| | - Mazin A. Askar
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
| | - Sarah Plecha
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (C.S.); (S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eric Krukonis
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (C.S.); (S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Susan B. Paurazas
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
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