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Xu K, Wu Q, Lingyun Z, Nguyen R, Safri F, Yang W, Xu Y, Ye Y, Kwan HY, Wang Q, Liang X, Shiddiky MJA, Warkiani ME, George J, Bao J, Qiao L. Extracellular vesicles as a promising platform of precision medicine in liver cancer. Pharmacol Res 2025:107800. [PMID: 40419123 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Revised: 05/19/2025] [Accepted: 05/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural carriers of biological information and play pivotal roles in intercellular communication. EVs are biocompatible, have low immunogenicity, and are capable of traversing biological barriers, making them ideal tools for disease diagnosis and therapy. Despite their promising prospects, the full realization of EVs potential faces several challenges. This article aims to comprehensively review the biological and molecular features of EVs, their applications in liver cancer and possible underlying mechanisms, and the critical challenges affecting the clinical translation of EVs-based therapies in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyang Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhao Lingyun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Romario Nguyen
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, the University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Fatema Safri
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, the University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - William Yang
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, the University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Yikun Xu
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, the University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Yun Ye
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Rural Health Research Institute (RHRI), Charles Sturt University, Orange NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Majid E Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, the University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, the University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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