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Chen Q, Chen Y, Bao C, Xiang H, Gao Q, Mao L. Mechanism and complex roles of HSC70/HSPA8 in viral entry. Virus Res 2024; 347:199433. [PMID: 38992806 PMCID: PMC11305274 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The process of viruses entering host cells is complex, involving multiple aspects of the molecular organization of the cell membrane, viral proteins, the interaction of receptor molecules, and cellular signaling. Most viruses depend on endocytosis for uptake, when viruses reach the appropriate location, they are released from the vesicles, undergo uncoating, and release their genomes. Heat shock cognate protein 70(HSC70): also known as HSPA8, a protein involved in mediating clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), is involved in various viral entry processes. In this mini-review, our goal is to provide a summary of the function of HSC70 in viral entry. Understanding the interaction networks of HSC70 with viral proteins helps to provide new directions for targeted therapeutic strategies against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chenxuan Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University,Kunshan, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huayuan Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University,Kunshan, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University,Kunshan, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University,Kunshan, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Guerrero M, Hernández J, Gomez L, Guerrero C. Oxidative stress enhances rotavirus oncolysis in breast cancer and leukemia, except in melanoma with abundant matrix. Virus Res 2024; 339:199285. [PMID: 38013142 PMCID: PMC10711233 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the impact of oxidative stress and extracellular matrix integrity on rotavirus infection in various cancer cells, including breast cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and melanoma. METHODS We induced oxidative stress using ROS-inducing drugs (cisplatin, metronidazole, melatonin, valproic acid, doxorubicin, losartan, nitrofurantoin, and DHA) and investigated the effects on viral infection in MCF-7, Reh, A375, B16-F1, and SK-MEL-28 cells and the generation of virions from infected cells by harvesting the supernatants every two hours, reinfecting other cells, and analyzing cell viability and DNA fragmentation. FINDINGS In MCF-7 and Reh cells, rotavirus Wt1-5 infection led to increased ROS generation, virion production, membrane permeability, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and cell death. These effects were amplified by ROS-inducing drugs. Conversely, melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28 and A375) with a robust extracellular matrix network showed limited sensitivity to the drugs. Notably, losartan, which modulates the extracellular matrix, enhanced viral infection in melanoma cells (99 %). CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress promotes oncolytic rotavirus infection in breast cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, suggesting potential utility in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy due to their shared induction of intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvi Guerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, DC, Bogotá, Colombi
| | - Juan Hernández
- Grupo de Fisiología Molecular del Instituto Nacional de Salud. A. A. 80080. Av. Calle 26 No. 51-20 DC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Gomez
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, DC, Bogotá, Colombi; Grupo de Fisiología Molecular del Instituto Nacional de Salud. A. A. 80080. Av. Calle 26 No. 51-20 DC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Guerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, DC, Bogotá, Colombi.
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Yi J, Lin P, Li Q, Zhang A, Kong X. A new strategy for treating colorectal cancer: Regulating the influence of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:254-274. [PMID: 37701850 PMCID: PMC10493895 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence and the second highest mortality in the world, which seriously affects human health, while current treatments methods for CRC, including systemic therapy, preoperative radiotherapy, and surgical local excision, still have poor survival rates for patients with metastatic disease, making it critical to develop new strategies for treating CRC. In this article, we found that the gut microbiota can modulate the signaling pathways of cancer cells through direct contact with tumor cells, generate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and produce diverse metabolic combinations to trigger specific immune responses and promote the initiation of systemic type I interferon (IFN-I) and anti-viral immunity. In addition, oncolytic virus-mediated immunotherapy for regulating oncolytic virus can directly lyse tumor cells, induce the immune activity of the body, interact with interferon, inhibit the anti-viral effect of IFN-I, and enhance the anti-tumor effect of IFN-II. Interferon plays an important role in the anti-tumor process. We put forward that exploring the effects of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon to treat CRC is a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peizhe Lin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Sossa-Rojas H, Franco-Maz PG, Zapata-Acevedo C, Gutierrez-Castañeda LD, Guerrero C. Preclinical evaluation of oncolytic potential human rotavirus Wt 1-5 in gastric adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285543. [PMID: 37186587 PMCID: PMC10184912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in biomedical research, gastric cancer remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to the limited efficacy of conventional therapies. In recent decades, oncolytic viruses have emerged as a biological therapeutic alternative to cancer due to their selectivity, effectiveness, and low toxicity. However, clinical trials have shown that developing a virus with selectivity for multiple tumor receptors and the ability to penetrate and diffuse through the tumor microenvironment to reactivate the immune system remains challenging. This study aimed to examine the oncolytic potential of tumor cell-adapted rotavirus Wt1-5 in gastric adenocarcinoma samples. This study focused on determining the propagation capacity of the RV Wt1-5 through the tumor and the importance of the expression of cell surface co-receptors, including integrin β3, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and heat shock proteins (Hsp-90, -70, -60, -40, and Hsc 70), during infection of tumor cells. These proteins were found to be differentially expressed in tumor cells compared to adjacent non-tumor cells. Preincubation of gastric tumor cells with antibodies against these proteins decreased rotavirus infections, validating their importance in the binding and entry of RV Wt1-5 into tumor cells, as previously reported. Upon RV infection, apoptosis was one of the types of death that was observed. This was evidenced by evaluating the expression of CASP-3, -9, PARP, cytochrome C, Bax, Bid, p53, and Bcl-2, as well as observing morphological changes such as chromatin margination, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation. Finally, at 60 h.p.i, histological analysis revealed that oncolysis compromised the entire thickness of the tumor. Therefore, the results suggest that RV Wt1-5 could be a novel therapeutic agent co-adjuvant agent for conventional and targeted therapies in managing GC. Ex vivo infection of the tumor tissue model showed characteristics of an immune response that could be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Sossa-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Pedro Gabriel Franco-Maz
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Universitario La Samaritana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Carlos Zapata-Acevedo
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario La Samaritana, Bogoté, D.C., Colombia
| | - Luz Dary Gutierrez-Castañeda
- Research Institute, Grupos Ciencias Básicas en Salud - CBS-FUCS, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Infantil Universitario de San Josá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Carlos Guerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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Guo ZS. Oncolytic Virus Immunotherapy: Showcasing Impressive Progress in Special Issue II. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060663. [PMID: 34200560 PMCID: PMC8226691 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Sheng Guo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Viral Infection Modulates Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084260. [PMID: 33923929 PMCID: PMC8073244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles involved in metabolism and programmed cell death in eukaryotic cells. In addition, mitochondria are also closely related to the innate immunity of host cells against viruses. The abnormality of mitochondrial morphology and function might lead to a variety of diseases. A large number of studies have found that a variety of viral infections could change mitochondrial dynamics, mediate mitochondria-induced cell death, and alter the mitochondrial metabolic status and cellular innate immune response to maintain intracellular survival. Meanwhile, mitochondria can also play an antiviral role during viral infection, thereby protecting the host. Therefore, mitochondria play an important role in the interaction between the host and the virus. Herein, we summarize how viral infections affect microbial pathogenesis by altering mitochondrial morphology and function and how viruses escape the host immune response.
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