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Przewłócka K, Korewo-Labelle D, Berezka P, Karnia MJ, Kaczor JJ. Current Aspects of Selected Factors to Modulate Brain Health and Sports Performance in Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1842. [PMID: 38931198 PMCID: PMC11206260 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive evaluation of current aspects related to nutritional strategies, brain modulation, and muscle recovery, focusing on their applications and the underlying mechanisms of physiological adaptation for promoting a healthy brain, not only in athletes but also for recreationally active and inactive individuals. We propose that applying the rule, among others, of good sleep, regular exercise, and a properly balanced diet, defined as "SPARKS", will have a beneficial effect on the function and regeneration processes of the gut-brain-muscle axis. However, adopting the formula, among others, of poor sleep, stress, overtraining, and dysbiosis, defined as "SMOULDER", will have a detrimental impact on the function of this axis and consequently on human health as well as on athletes. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing brain health and cognitive function. This review highlights the significance of these factors for overall well-being, suggesting that adopting the "SPARKS" approach may benefit not only athletes but also older adults and individuals with health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Przewłócka
- Division of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Daria Korewo-Labelle
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paweł Berezka
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Mateusz Jakub Karnia
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
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Krokidas A, Gakis AG, Aktypi O, Antonopoulou S, Nomikos T. Effect of Spirulina Nigrita® Supplementation on Indices of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage after Eccentric Protocol of Upper Limbs in Apparently Healthy Volunteers. Nutrients 2024; 16:1651. [PMID: 38892584 PMCID: PMC11174877 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Spirulina is a supplement with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may enhance performance and recovery after intense exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Spirulina Nigrita® on physical performance, and recovery markers after intense eccentric exercise in healthy moderately physically active volunteers. In a double-blind crossover design, participants were supplemented either with spirulina (42 mg Kg-1 BW per day) or a placebo for 15 days before conducting an eccentric exercise protocol using the non-dominant arm. A six-week washout period was required between conditions. Performance and mobility markers such as isometric peak torque (PTQ), ligament range of motion (ROM), and perceived muscle discomfort (VAS) were assessed and blood samples (CK, LDH) were obtained at 1, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. No significant differences were noticed between the two conditions on any of the investigated markers, indicating that spirulina supplementation has no positive effect on isometric muscle performance or alleviation of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) symptoms in the specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 176 76 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (A.G.G.); (O.A.); (S.A.)
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Barenie MJ, Escalera A, Carter SJ, Grange HE, Paris HL, Krinsky D, Sogard AS, Schlader ZJ, Fly AD, Mickleborough TD. Grass-Fed and Non-Grass-Fed Whey Protein Consumption Do Not Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Soreness in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:344-373. [PMID: 37981793 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2282470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric muscle contractions can cause structural damage to muscle cells resulting in temporarily decreased muscle force production and soreness. Prior work indicates pasture-raised dairy products from grass-fed cows have greater anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties compared to grain-fed counterparts. However, limited research has evaluated the utility of whey protein from pasture-raised, grass-fed cows to enhance recovery compared to whey protein from non-grass-fed cows. Therefore, using a randomized, placebo-controlled design, we compared the effect of whey protein from pasture-raised, grass-fed cows (PRWP) to conventional whey protein (CWP) supplementation on indirect markers of muscle damage in response to eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in resistance-trained individuals. Thirty-nine subjects (PRWP, n = 14; CWP, n = 12) completed an eccentric squat protocol to induce EIMD with measurements performed at 24, 48, and 72 h of recovery. Dependent variables included: delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), urinary titin, maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), potentiated quadriceps twitch force, countermovement jump (CMJ), and barbell back squat velocity (BBSV). Between-condition comparisons did not reveal any significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in markers of EIMD via DOMS, urinary titin, MIVC, potentiated quadriceps twitch force, CMJ, or BBSV. In conclusion, neither PRWP nor CWP attenuate indirect markers of muscle damage and soreness following eccentric exercise in resistance-trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Barenie
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Center for the Study of Obesity, College of Public Health, University of AR for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Albaro Escalera
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Hope E Grange
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, USA
| | - Danielle Krinsky
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Abigail S Sogard
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Alyce D Fly
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Timothy D Mickleborough
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Horgan BG, Tee N, West NP, Drinkwater EJ, Halson SL, Colomer CME, Fonda CJ, Tatham J, Chapman DW, Haff GG. Acute Performance, Daily Well-Being, and Hormone Responses to Water Immersion After Resistance Exercise in Junior International and Subelite Male Volleyball Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2023:00124278-990000000-00243. [PMID: 37043600 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Horgan, BG, Tee, N, West, NP, Drinkwater, EJ, Halson, SL, Colomer, CME, Fonda, CJ, Tatham, J, Chapman, DW, and Haff, GG. Acute performance, daily well-being and hormone responses to water immersion after resistance exercise in junior international and subelite male volleyball athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2023-Athletes use postexercise hydrotherapy strategies to improve recovery and competition performance and to enhance adaptative responses to training. Using a randomized cross-over design, the acute effects of 3 postresistance exercise water immersion strategies on perceived recovery, neuromuscular performance, and hormone concentrations in junior international and subelite male volleyball athletes (n = 18) were investigated. After resistance exercise, subjects randomly completed either 15-minute passive control (CON), contrast water therapy (CWT), cold (CWI), or hot water immersion (HWI) interventions. A treatment effect occurred after HWI; reducing perceptions of fatigue (HWI > CWT: p = 0.05, g = 0.43); improved sleep quality, compared with CON (p < 0.001, g = 1.15), CWI (p = 0.017, g = 0.70), and CWT (p = 0.018, g = 0.51); as well as increasing testosterone concentration (HWI > CWT: p = 0.038, g = 0.24). There were trivial to small (p < 0.001-0.039, g = 0.02-0.34) improvements (treatment effect) in jump performance (i.e., squat jump and countermovement jump) after all water immersion strategies, as compared with CON, with high variability in the individual responses. There were no significant differences (interaction effect, p > 0.05) observed between the water immersion intervention strategies and CON in performance (p = 0.153-0.99), hormone (p = 0.207-0.938), nor perceptual (p = 0.368-0.955) measures. To optimize recovery and performance responses, e.g., during an in-season competition phase, postresistance exercise HWI may assist with providing small-to-large improvements for up to 38 hours in perceived recovery (i.e., increased sleep quality and reduced fatigue) and increases in circulating testosterone concentration. Practitioners should consider individual athlete neuromuscular performance responses when prescribing postexercise hydrotherapy. These findings apply to athletes who aim to improve their recovery status, where postresistance exercise HWI optimizes sleep quality and next-day perceptions of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry G Horgan
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Brumbies Rugby, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nicolin Tee
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian Catholic University, Watson, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute QLD, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric J Drinkwater
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Center for Sport Research, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shona L Halson
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian Catholic University, McAuley at Banyo, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carmen M E Colomer
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fonda
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - James Tatham
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Volleyball Australia, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Dale W Chapman
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Methenitis S, Theodorou AA, Chatzinikolaou PN, Margaritelis NV, Nikolaidis MG, Paschalis V. The effects of chronic concentric and eccentric training on position sense and joint reaction angle of the knee extensors. Eur J Sport Sci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36815692 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2184726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of chronic concentric or eccentric training on position sense and joint reaction angle, in healthy, untrained young men. Twenty-four men were randomly assigned into a pure concentric (CT) or a pure eccentric (ET) group and performed for 8 weeks, one training session/week, 75 maximal knee extensors contractions. Before and 48 h after the first (W1) and the last (W8) training sessions, knee joint position sense and joint reaction angle were assessed at three different knee angles (i.e. 30°, 45° and 60°). At the same time points, indirect indices of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) were evaluated (i.e. range of motion [ROM], optimal angle, maximum isometric, concentric and eccentric torques, delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS] and blood creatine kinase concentrations [CK]). Forty-eight hours post W1, position sense, reaction angle and all EIMD indices were significantly changed for both groups (p < 0.05; η2: 0.125-0.618), however, greater alterations were observed after ET. Significant correlations were found, in both groups, between the training-induced changes of position sense, reaction angles and the changes of EIMD biomarkers (r: -0.855-0.825; p < 0.005). No significant changes were found 48 h post W8 for position sense, reaction angle and EIMD indices (p > 0.285) for both CT or ET groups. In conclusion, exercise-induced changes in position sense and reaction angle, were related to the magnitude of EIMD, and not by the type of muscle contraction per se. HighlightsExercise induced changes in position sense and reaction angle, were related to the magnitude of EIMD, and not by the type of muscle contraction per se.After the 1st training session eccentric exercise caused greater disturbances, compared to concentric exercise, in EIMD indices which caused concomitant disturbances to position sense and knee reaction angle.8 weeks of either eccentric or concentric training leads to preservation of position sense and knee reaction angle 48 h after maximal intensity exercise of either types of muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Methenitis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Theseus, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, Athens, Greece
| | - A A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - P N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Methenitis S, Nomikos T, Mpampoulis T, Kontou E, Kiourelli KM, Evangelidou E, Papadopoulos C, Papadimas G, Terzis G. Different eccentric-based power training volumes improve glycemic, lipidemic profile and body composition of females in a dose-dependent manner: Associations with muscle fibres composition adaptations. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:241-250. [PMID: 35001855 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2027024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different volumes of fast eccentric-based training on body composition and lipidemic-glycemic profiles in females, as well as to explore the relationship between the change in glycemic-lipidemic profiles and the change in muscle fibre composition. Twenty-nine young females were assigned into three groups and performed 10 weeks (2 training sessions per week) of either 3 (LV), 6 (MV) or 9 (HV) sets/session of four fast velocity eccentric-only half-squats against 70% of concentric 1RM, followed by 3 maximum countermovement jumps (CMJ) after each set. Body composition, vastus lateralis fibre-type composition, and resting blood lipidemic and glycemic indices were evaluated 1 week before and after the training intervention. Significant changes in body composition, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR and blood lipids were found after training with MV and HV (p < 0.05; η2: 0.135-0.390). Significant correlations were found between muscle fibres' percentage cross-sectional areas (%CSA) and resting glycemic-lipid values (r:-0.543to 0.730, p < 0.05). Training-induced changes of glycemic-lipid profiles were highly correlated to those of type IIa and IIx %CSAs (r: -0.895 to 0.898, p < 0.05). Partial Correlations revealed a significant impact of the imposed training volumes on these correlations. These results suggest that six but mostly nine sets per training session of the imposed training stimuli are needed for beneficial changes in resting glycemic-lipidemic profiles, changes which are related to the training-induced changes in muscle fibre composition. However, these relationships are dictated by the imposed training volumes.Highlights Power training induces beneficial changes in body composition, glycemic and lipidemic profiles.Greater training volumes are needed for the healthier changes in glycemic-lipidemic profiles.Higher Type I, IIA and lower IIX percentage cross-sectional areas are linked with healthier body composition and glycemic-lipidemic profiles.Individuals experiencing the greatest increase in Type IIa and decrease in Type IIX muscle fibres cross-sectional areas after power training are those with the greatest beneficial changes in body composition, glycemic and lipidemic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Methenitis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Mpampoulis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kontou
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio-Maria Kiourelli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Eftychia Evangelidou
- Department of Infection Control, G.N.N. Ionias "Konstantopouleio-Patision" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Papadopoulos
- A' Neurology Clinic, Aiginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papadimas
- A' Neurology Clinic, Aiginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Terzis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Liu W, Cheng M, Lu Z, Li H, Feng Y, Jin Y, Yang S, Feng J, Tu L. Multi-functional chitosan copolymer modified nanocrystals as oral andrographolide delivery systems for enhanced bioavailability and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3432-3442. [PMID: 36447367 PMCID: PMC9718561 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2149894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifying nanocrystals with functional materials have been common strategy to enlarge the enhancing ability on oral absorption via nanocrystals; however, whether the functional materials have played their full enhancing ability in oral absorption is still unknown. In this study, we synthetized a novel chitosan-based copolymer (the copolymer of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), chitosan (CS) and D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, SDS-CS-TPGS), and modified nanocrystals with this copolymer, aiming to enhance the oral absorption of polymer andrographolide (ADR). In real-time distribution study, we found the distribution of ADR, SDS, CS and TPGS varies in gastrointestinal tract, while the distribution of ADR and SDS-CS-TPGS was similar, revealing the SDS-CS-TPGS could able to participate in the absorption process of andrographolide timely. To explore the oral absorption enhancing ability of SDS-CS-TPGS, we prepared a series of nanocrystals modified with different materials and explored their pharmacokinetic performances on SD rats. The results showed the nanocrystals modified with SDS-CS-TPGS (S-C-TANs) exhibited the highest bioavailability, which could enhance the AUC0-∞ of ADR from 1.291 mg/L*h to 5.275 mg/L*h (enhanced for about 4.09-folds). The enhanced anti- inflammatory efficacy was also found on ICR mice by employing ear swelling rate, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and pharmacodynamic index. These results indicated that modified with synthesized copolymer containing different functional stabilizers is an efficient strategy to enlarge the enhancing ability on oral absorption of nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyang Lu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Haocheng Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China,Jianfang Feng National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Liangxing Tu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,CONTACT Liangxing Tu National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
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Nomikos T, Methenitis S, Panagiotakos DB. The emerging role of skeletal muscle as a modulator of lipid profile the role of exercise and nutrition. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:81. [PMID: 36042487 PMCID: PMC9425975 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article aims to discuss the hypothesis that skeletal muscle per se but mostly its muscle fiber composition could be significant determinants of lipid metabolism and that certain exercise modalities may improve metabolic dyslipidemia by favorably affecting skeletal muscle mass, fiber composition and functionality. It discusses the mediating role of nutrition, highlights the lack of knowledge on mechanistic aspects of this relationship and proposes possible experimental directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Spyridon Methenitis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports. Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Theseus, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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9
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040753. [PMID: 35453503 PMCID: PMC9031318 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two phenomena that are directly involved in practically all pathologies and especially in aging [...].
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The Effects of Dietary Protein Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review of Human Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010013. [PMID: 35052517 PMCID: PMC8773319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review examined the effects of whole protein and commonly consumed amino acid supplements on markers of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and was reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception until June 2021. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials in humans, healthy adult participants (≥18 years), dietary protein/amino acid interventions, and measurements of oxidative stress/the redox status or inflammation post-exercise. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias 2 tool was used to critically appraise the studies. Data extracted from thirty-four studies were included in the systematic review (totaling 757 participants with only 10 females; age range 19–40 years). The included trials examined five types of whole protein and seven different amino acids supplements; most studies (n = 20) failed to identify statistically significant effects on markers of inflammation or oxidative stress after exercise; some (n = 14) showed either anti-inflammatory or antioxidant effects on some, but not all, markers. In conclusion, we found weak and inconsistent evidence that dietary protein/amino acid interventions can modify exercise-induced changes in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, given that these were not the primary outcomes in many of the included studies and many had design limitations, further research is warranted (Open Science Framework registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/AGUR2).
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