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Krieg J, Stalljohann G, Oster M, Pfuhl R, Reckels B, Preissinger W, Weber M, Meyer A, Feuerstein D, Schneider S. Stepwise Reduction of Dietary Phosphorus in Diets for Piglets and Fattening Pigs of Different Genetic Origin Housed under Various Station Environments-A Ringtest. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1774. [PMID: 37889737 PMCID: PMC10251985 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction of emissions of nutrients from livestock is one of the main topics in areas with intensive animal husbandry. In order to minimize the loss of nutrients into the environment, it is common practice to feed animals as close as possible to metabolic demands. For phosphorus (P), there are various studies for swine and poultry, which showed that a reduction of dietary P levels is possible, if a sufficient level of phytase is added to the diet. The supplementation of a sufficient dosage of phytase to plant-based diets leads to an increase in digestible phosphorus (dP) upon the hydrolisation of phytate (InsP6) to P and lower inositol-phosphates. However, most of these studies were conducted under standardized experimental conditions. In terms of transfer to practical conditions with varying housing, management and genetics, there are concerns that have led to speculation by farmers and veterinarians whether the reduction of dietary P could negatively affect bone health and therefore animal welfare. In order to test whether a reduction of dietary P according to the recommendations for dP of the German Society of Nutrition Physiology (GfE) affects bone mineralization and growth performance, a ringtest was conducted where piglets and fattening pigs were fed at four experimental stations with three centrally produced diets from the same batches. The diets contained three different levels of P and were designed to reflect practical diets. The P level decreased from diet one to three, respectively. Diets one and two were calculated to contain P levels, which are typically fed under practical conditions in Germany. The third diet was optimized to fulfill the requirements of dP by the GfE. The animals were fed in two phases as post-weaning piglets (8-15 kg and 15-28 kg BW) followed by a three-phase fattening regime (28-60 kg, 60-90 kg and 90-120 kg BW). Individual body weight and feed consumption (pen basis or individually, depending on the experimental station) were recorded for every feeding phase. At the end of the experiment, animals were slaughtered. At one experimental station, additional blood serum, metatarsi of the left leg and kidney tissue were sampled to analyze serum P concentration, expression of P transporters in the kidney and bone traits. In two experimental stations, femur and vertebra were sampled, and bone ash was determined. Overall, animal performance and all other traits analyzed did not differ between the treatment with the highest and the treatment with the lowest dietary P concentration. The results demonstrate that it is possible to decrease dietary P according to the recommendations for dP of the GfE, without impairing the animals' performance or mineral homeostasis and health. A reduction of total P by reducing mineral P to the levels of the present study require the supplementation of phytase to achieve sufficient concentrations of dP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Krieg
- Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen (LWK NRW), 59505 Bad Sassendorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard Stalljohann
- Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen (LWK NRW), 59505 Bad Sassendorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Pfuhl
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Reckels
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Preissinger
- Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL Bayern), 97359 Schwarzach am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Weber
- Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau (LLG) Sachsen-Anhalt, 39606 Iden, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer
- Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, 30453 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Schneider
- Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL Bayern), 85586 Poing, Germany
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Abstract
Regulated cell death predominantly involves apoptosis, autophagy, and regulated necrosis. It is vital that we understand how key regulatory signals can control the process of cell death. Pin1 is a cis-trans isomerase that catalyzes the isomerization of phosphorylated serine or threonine-proline motifs of a protein, thereby acting as a crucial molecular switch and regulating the protein functionality and the signaling pathways involved. However, we know very little about how Pin1-associated pathways might play a role in regulated cell death. In this paper, we review the role of Pin1 in regulated cell death and related research progress and summarize Pin1-related pathways in regulated cell death. Aside from the involvement of Pin1 in the apoptosis that accompanies neurodegenerative diseases, accumulating evidence suggests that Pin1 also plays a role in regulated necrosis and autophagy, thereby exhibiting distinct effects, including both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. Gaining an enhanced understanding of Pin1 in neuronal death may provide us with new options for the development of therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Hassan A, Pollak YE, Kilav-Levin R, Silver J, London N, Nechama M, Ben-Dov IZ, Naveh-Many T. Kidney Failure Alters Parathyroid Pin1 Phosphorylation and Parathyroid Hormone mRNA-Binding Proteins, Leading to Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1677-1693. [PMID: 35961788 PMCID: PMC9529182 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is a common complication of CKD that increases morbidity and mortality. In experimental SHP, increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression is due to enhanced PTH mRNA stability, mediated by changes in its interaction with stabilizing AUF1 and destabilizing KSRP. The isomerase Pin1 leads to KSRP dephosphorylation, but in SHP parathyroid Pin1 activity is decreased and hence phosphorylated KSRP fails to bind PTH mRNA, resulting in high PTH mRNA stability and levels. The up- and downstream mechanisms by which CKD stimulates the parathyroid glands remain elusive. METHODS Adenine-rich high-phosphate diets induced CKD in rats and mice. Parathyroid organ cultures and transfected cells were incubated with Pin1 inhibitors for their effect on PTH expression. Mass spectrometry was performed on both parathyroid and PTH mRNA pulled-down proteins. RESULTS CKD led to changes in rat parathyroid proteome and phosphoproteome profiles, including KSRP phosphorylation at Pin1 target sites. Furthermore, both acute and chronic kidney failure led to parathyroid-specific Pin1 Ser16 and Ser71 phosphorylation, which disrupts Pin1 activity. Pharmacologic Pin1 inhibition, which mimics the decreased Pin1 activity in SHP, increased PTH expression ex vivo in parathyroid glands in culture and in transfected cells through the PTH mRNA-protein interaction element and KSRP phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Kidney failure leads to loss of parathyroid Pin1 activity by inducing Pin1 phosphorylation. This predisposes parathyroids to increase PTH production through impaired PTH mRNA decay that is dependent on KSRP phosphorylation at Pin1-target motifs. Pin1 and KSRP phosphorylation and the Pin1-KSRP-PTH mRNA axis thus drive SHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Hassan
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael E. Pollak
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Kilav-Levin
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- School of Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Justin Silver
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir London
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Morris Nechama
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iddo Z. Ben-Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology Services, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tally Naveh-Many
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Piórkowska K, Żukowski K, Ropka-Molik K, Tyra M. Variations in Fibrinogen-like 1 (FGL1) Gene Locus as a Genetic Marker Related to Fat Deposition Based on Pig Model and Liver RNA-Seq Data. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081419. [PMID: 36011329 PMCID: PMC9407393 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of mutations in the FGL1 gene associated with pig productive traits to enrich the genetic marker pool for further selection and to support the studies on FGL1 in the context of the fat deposition (FD) process. The variant calling and χ2 analyses of liver RNA-seq data were used to indicate genetic markers. FGL1 mutations were genotyped in the Złotnicka White (n = 72), Polish Large White (n = 208), Duroc (n = 72), Polish Landrace (PL) (n = 292), and Puławska (n = 178) pig breeds. An association study was performed using a general linear model (GLM) implemented in SAS® software. More than 50 crucial mutations were identified in the FGL1 gene. The association study showed a significant effect of the FGL1 on intramuscular fat (IMF), loin eye area, backfat thickness at the lumbar, ham mass (p = 0.0374), meat percentage (p = 0.0205), and loin fat (p = 0.0003). Alternate homozygotes and heterozygotes were found in the PL and Duroc, confirming the selective potential for these populations. Our study supports the theory that liver FGL1 is involved in the FD process. Moreover, since fat is the major determinant of flavor development in meat, the FGL1 rs340465447_A allele can be used as a target in pig selection focused on elevated fat levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-66-608-1316
| | - Kacper Żukowski
- Department of Cattle Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Mirosław Tyra
- Department of Pig Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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Hasan M, Oster M, Reyer H, Ponsuksili S, Murani E, Wolf P, Fischer DC, Wimmers K. Tissue-Wide Expression of Genes Related to Vitamin D Metabolism and FGF23 Signaling following Variable Phosphorus Intake in Pigs. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080729. [PMID: 36005601 PMCID: PMC9413461 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis is maintained by several regulators, including vitamin D and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and their tissue-specific activation and signaling cascades. In this study, the tissue-wide expression of key genes linked to vitamin D metabolism (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, GC, VDR) and FGF23 signaling (FGF23, FGFR1-4, KL) were investigated in pigs fed conventional (trial 1) and divergent P diets (trial 2). The tissue set comprised kidney, liver, bone, lung, aorta, and gastrointestinal tract sections. Expression patterns revealed that non-renal tissues and cells (NRTC) express genes to form active vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] according to site-specific requirements. A low P diet resulted in higher serum calcitriol and increased CYP24A1 expression in the small intestine, indicating local suppression of vitamin D signaling. A high P diet prompted increased mRNA abundances of CYP27B1 for local vitamin D synthesis, specifically in bone. For FGF23 signaling, analyses revealed ubiquitous expression of FGFR1-4, whereas KL was expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Dietary P supply did not affect skeletal FGF23; however, FGFR4 and KL showed increased expression in bone at high P supply, suggesting regulation to balance mineralization. Specific NRTC responses influence vitamin D metabolism and P homeostasis, which should be considered for a thrifty but healthy P supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruf Hasan
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Petra Wolf
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dagmar-Christiane Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Hospital, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38208-68600
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Hassan A, Khalaily N, Kilav-Levin R, Nechama M, Volovelsky O, Silver J, Naveh-Many T. Molecular Mechanisms of Parathyroid Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020111. [PMID: 35208186 PMCID: PMC8878033 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that induces morbidity and mortality in patients. How CKD stimulates the parathyroid to increase parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, gene expression and cell proliferation remains an open question. In experimental SHP, the increased PTH gene expression is post-transcriptional and mediated by PTH mRNA–protein interactions that promote PTH mRNA stability. These interactions are orchestrated by the isomerase Pin1. Pin1 participates in conformational change-based regulation of target proteins, including mRNA-binding proteins. In SHP, Pin1 isomerase activity is decreased, and thus, the Pin1 target and PTH mRNA destabilizing protein KSRP fails to bind PTH mRNA, increasing PTH mRNA stability and levels. An additional level of post-transcriptional regulation is mediated by microRNA (miRNA). Mice with parathyroid-specific knockout of Dicer, which facilitates the final step in miRNA maturation, lack parathyroid miRNAs but have normal PTH and calcium levels. Surprisingly, these mice fail to increase serum PTH in response to hypocalcemia or uremia, indicating a role for miRNAs in parathyroid stimulation. SHP often leads to parathyroid hyperplasia. Reduced expressions of parathyroid regulating receptors, activation of transforming growth factor α-epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase 2-prostaglandin E2 and mTOR signaling all contribute to the enhanced parathyroid cell proliferation. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin prevents and corrects the increased parathyroid cell proliferation of SHP. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms that stimulate the parathyroid cell at multiple levels in SHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Hassan
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Nareman Khalaily
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Rachel Kilav-Levin
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
- Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 91160, Israel
| | - Morris Nechama
- Pediatric Nephrology, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (M.N.); (O.V.)
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Oded Volovelsky
- Pediatric Nephrology, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (M.N.); (O.V.)
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Justin Silver
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Tally Naveh-Many
- Minerva Center for Bone and Mineral Research, Nephrology Services, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (A.H.); (N.K.); (R.K.-L.); (J.S.)
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Correspondence:
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