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Ito J, Lemus H, Wu T. Serum Phosphorus, Serum Bicarbonate, and Renal Function in Relation to Liver CYP1A2 Activity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2996. [PMID: 37761363 PMCID: PMC10529210 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays an important role in normal metabolism and physiological functions such as acid-base balance; however, limited epidemiologic studies have investigated how the liver contributes toward acid-base balance using non-invasive biomarkers. We determined associations between serum biomarkers related to acid-base balance and renal function with liver CYP1A2 activity. We used data from 1381 participants of the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with measurements of serum phosphorus, serum bicarbonate, caffeine intake, caffeine metabolites, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Liver CYP1A2 activity was estimated using urine caffeine metabolite indices, which were calculated as the ratio of one of the urine caffeine metabolites (i.e., paraxanthine and 1-methyluric acid) to caffeine intake. We analyzed associations in the whole data set and in different strata of hepatic steatosis index (HSI) based on different cut-points. We found that serum bicarbonate was positively associated with CYP1A2 activity in the whole data set when comparing persons with bicarbonate at Q4 to Q1 (β = 0.18, p = 0.10 for paraxanthine; β = 0.20, p = 0.02 for 1-methyluric acid). Furthermore, serum phosphorus was positively associated with CYP1A2 activity only in the stratum of 30 ≤ HSI < 36. Lastly, low eGFR was significantly associated with lower CYP1A2 activity measured with paraxanthine in the whole dataset and in all the strata with HSI < 42; when comparing eGFR < 60 to eGFR > 90, β estimates ranged from -0.41 to -1.38, p-values ranged from 0.0018 to 0.004. We observed an opposite trend in the highest stratum (HSI ≥ 42). Non-invasive measurements of serum bicarbonate, serum phosphorus, and eGFR have dynamic associations with CYP1A2 activity. These associations depend on the extent of liver damage and the caffeine metabolite used to assess CYP1A2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (J.I.); (H.L.)
| | - Hector Lemus
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (J.I.); (H.L.)
| | - Tianying Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (J.I.); (H.L.)
- Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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Canbakan M, Bakkaloglu OK, Atay K, Koroglu E, Tuncer MM, Canbakan B, Senturk H. The liver-kidney axis: Is serum leptin a potential link in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated chronic kidney disease? Arab J Gastroenterol 2023; 24:52-57. [PMID: 36764893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies argued that leptin levels increase significantly with the progression of CKD. But the association between leptin and CKD has not been investigated in patients with NAFLD. Therefore, we conducted this study to establish whether increased leptin level is associated with CKD in NAFLD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS In our prospective study with a follow up period of six months thirty-five teetotaller biopsy-proven NAFLD patients were divided as groups with mild, versus advanced, fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was also assessed with Fibroscan. Serum leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. For insulin resistance we used the homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR). For the kidney function, we used the abbreviated formula Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, which estimates GFR. For statistical analysis, Student's-t test, Mann-Whitney test, linear regression-binary logistic regression analyses and the ROC curve analysis were used. RESULTS Advanced fibrosis and increased HOMA-IR were risk factors for decreased eGFR. Leptin correlated inversely with advanced fibrosis (p: 0.03) and low leptin was a risk factor for CKD (p: 0.02). In ROC curve analysis, advanced fibrosis and low leptin were risk factors for decreased eGFR (p: 0.007 and 0.004, respectively). Low leptin level was dependently associated with decreased eGFR. CONCLUSION Advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients is a risk factor for CKD. Leptin correlated inversely with advanced fibrosis. Unlike the previous studies, which were not performed in NAFLD patients, we found decreased leptin in NAFLD patients with decreased eGFR. Low leptin level was found to be a dependent predictor for differentiating NAFLD patients with high risk for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Canbakan
- University of Health Sciences, Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Oguz Kagan Bakkaloglu
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty of Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadri Atay
- Mardin Research and Training Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Emine Koroglu
- Kartal Education & Research Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Tuncer
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty of Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Billur Canbakan
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty of Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Senturk
- Bezmi Alem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xia J, Wan Y, Wu JJ, Yang Y, Xu JF, Zhang L, Liu D, Chen L, Tang F, Ao H, Peng C. Therapeutic potential of dietary flavonoid hyperoside against non-communicable diseases: targeting underlying properties of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1340-1370. [PMID: 36073729 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global epidemic with diverse pathogenesis. Among them, oxidative stress and inflammation are the most fundamental co-morbid features. Therefore, multi-targets and multi-pathways therapies with significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are potential effective measures for preventing and treating NCDs. The flavonol glycoside compound hyperoside (Hyp) is widely found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, beverages, and medicinal plants and has various health benefits, especially excellent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties targeting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in NCDs and the biological activity and therapeutic potential of Hyp. Our findings reveal that the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities regulated by Hyp are associated with numerous biological mechanisms, including positive regulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis, autophagy, and higher-level biological damage activities. Hyp is thought to be beneficial against organ injuries, cancer, depression, diabetes, and osteoporosis, and is a potent anti-NCDs agent. Additionally, the sources, bioavailability, pharmacy, and safety of Hyp have been established, highlighting the potential to develop Hyp into dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Metabolic Syndrome but Not Fatty Liver-Associated Genetic Variants Correlates with Glomerular Renal Function Decline in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030720. [PMID: 35327522 PMCID: PMC8944982 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been extensively demonstrated. Recent studies have focused attention on the role of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphism in the association between NAFLD and CKD in non-metabolic adults and children, but the genetic impact on NAFLD-CKD association is still a matter of debate. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of PNPLA3, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) and glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) gene variants rather than metabolic syndrome features on renal function in a large population of NAFLD patients. The present study is a post hoc analysis of the Plinio Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04036357). PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7 and GCKR genes were analyzed by using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated with CKD-EPI. We analyzed 538 NAFLD; 47.2% had GFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 while 5.9% had GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The distribution of genotypes was superimposable according to GFR cut-offs. Results from the multivariable regression model did not show any correlation between genotypes and renal function. Conversely, metabolic syndrome was highly associated with GFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (odds ratio (OR): 1.58 [1.10−2.28]) and arterial hypertension with GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR: 1.50 [1.05−2.14]). In conclusion, the association between NAFLD and CKD might be related to the shared metabolic risk factors rather than the genetic NAFLD background.
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Um YJ, Chang Y, Jung HS, Cho IY, Shin JH, Shin H, Wild SH, Byrne CD, Ryu S. Decrease in Sleep Duration and Poor Sleep Quality over Time Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010092. [PMID: 35055407 PMCID: PMC8777783 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of changes in sleep duration and sleep quality over time on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not known. We investigated whether changes in sleep duration and in sleep quality between baseline and follow-up are associated with the risk of developing incident NAFLD. The cohort study included 86,530 Korean adults without NAFLD and with a low fibrosis score at baseline. The median follow-up was 3.6 years. Sleep duration and quality were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hepatic steatosis (HS) and liver fibrosis were assessed using ultrasonography and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis). A total of 12,127 subjects with incident HS and 559 with incident HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 was identified. Comparing the decrease in sleep duration of >1 h, with stable sleep duration, the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CIs) for incident HS was 1.24 (1.15–1.35). The corresponding HRs for incident HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 was 1.58 (1.10–2.29). Comparing persistently poor sleep quality with persistently good sleep quality, the multivariate-adjusted HR for incident HS was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05–1.20). A decrease in sleep duration or poor sleep quality over time was associated with an increased risk of incident NAFLD, underscoring an important potential role for good sleep in preventing NAFLD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Um
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Hyun-Suk Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea
| | - In Young Cho
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Shin
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (Y.J.U.); (H.-S.J.); (I.Y.C.); (J.H.S.); (H.S.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK;
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.R.)
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