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M B, S S, R R. Lobeglitazone and Its Therapeutic Benefits: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50085. [PMID: 38186506 PMCID: PMC10770577 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lobeglitazone is a newer oral hypoglycemic agent that has been tested in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aim to conduct a narrative review to find out the therapeutic benefits of lobeglitazone in patients with T2DM. We scientifically searched the electronic database of PubMed from inception until September 12, 2023, using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) keywords. Additionally, we searched for pre-clinical trials related to lobeglitazone. We retrieved all available results of phase 1 to phase 3 studies of lobeglitazone in T2DM. Subsequently, we reviewed the results narratively. Three double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies and a phase 3 trial of lobeglitazone showed that 0.5 mg daily dose exhibits effective therapeutic activity in glycemic, lipid, and hepatic control, and is also used as a secondary treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lobeglitazone exhibits as much antidiabetic activity as other thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. Side effects of lobeglitazone included peripheral edema, weight gain, and bone mineral density, which did not require hospitalization for these effects. This article highlights the pharmacological, pre-clinical, clinical, and safety pharmacology of novel thiazolidinedione lobeglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan M
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, IND
| | - Sarumathy S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, IND
| | - Robinson R
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, IND
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Han GH, Kim SJ, Ko WK, Hong JB, Sheen SH, Cho MJ, Sohn S. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tegoprazan in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Bone-Marrow-Derived Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14589. [PMID: 37834036 PMCID: PMC10572893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of tegoprazan (TEGO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). To this end, compared to methylprednisolone (MP; positive control), we evaluated whether TEGO effectively differentiates LPS-stimulated BMMs into M2-phenotype macrophages. Moreover, the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines genes influenced by TEGO was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. TEGO was found to reduce nitric oxide (NO) production in BMMs significantly. In addition, TEGO significantly decreased and increased the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. In addition, we evaluated the phosphorylated values of the extracellular signal-regulatory kinase (ERK) and p38 in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway through Western blotting. TEGO significantly reduced the phosphorylated values of the ERK and p38. In other words, TEGO suppressed the various pro-inflammatory responses in LPS-induced BMMs. These results show that TEGO has the potential to be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Ho Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-J.K.); (W.-K.K.); (S.-H.S.)
- Department of Life Science, CHA University, Boondagger, Seongnam-si 13493, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-J.K.); (W.-K.K.); (S.-H.S.)
- Department of Life Science, CHA University, Boondagger, Seongnam-si 13493, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Kyu Ko
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-J.K.); (W.-K.K.); (S.-H.S.)
- Department of Life Science, CHA University, Boondagger, Seongnam-si 13493, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Beom Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Hun Sheen
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-J.K.); (W.-K.K.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Min-Jai Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28644, Chungcheong-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Sohn
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-J.K.); (W.-K.K.); (S.-H.S.)
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Seo HY, Lee SH, Park JY, Han E, Han S, Hwang JS, Kim MK, Jang BK. Lobeglitazone inhibits LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammation in the liver. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290532. [PMID: 37616215 PMCID: PMC10449201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver inflammation is a common feature of chronic liver disease and is often associated with increased exposure of the liver to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Kupffer cells (KCs) are macrophages in the liver and produce various cytokines. Activation of KCs through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway leads to release of proinflammatory cytokines and induces hepatocyte injury and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Lobeglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand and a type of thiazolidinedione that elicits anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is no clear evidence that it has direct anti-inflammatory effects in the liver. This study showed that lobeglitazone reduces LPS-induced NLPR3 inflammasome activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines in primary KCs and hepatocytes. Cytokines secreted by activated KCs increased hepatocyte inflammation and HSC activation, and lobeglitazone inhibited these responses. In addition, lobeglitazone suppressed liver fibrosis by inhibiting LPS-induced transforming growth factor (TGF)-β secretion and TGF-β-induced CTGF expression. The inhibitory effect of lobeglitazone on inflammasome activation was associated with suppression of liver fibrosis. These results suggest that lobeglitazone may be a treatment option for inflammation and fibrosis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eugene Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sol Han
- Department of Physiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jae Seok Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byoung Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Ko W, Kim SJ, Han GH, Lee D, Jeong D, Lee SJ, Han I, Hong JB, Sheen SH, Sohn S. Transplantation of neuron-inducing grafts embedding positively charged gold nanoparticles for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10326. [PMID: 36176600 PMCID: PMC9472004 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) by inducing cellular differentiation of transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons. We dissociated NSCs from the spinal cords of Fisher 344 rat embryos. An injectable gel crosslinked with glycol chitosan and oxidized hyaluronate was used as a vehicle for NSC transplantation. The gel graft containing the NSC and positively charged gold nanoparticles (pGNP) was implanted into spinal cord lesions in Sprague-Dawley rats (NSC-pGNP gel group). Cellular differentiation of grafted NSCs into neurons (stained with β-tubulin III [also called Tuj1]) was significantly increased in the NSC-pGNP gel group (***p < 0.001) compared to those of two control groups (NSC and NSC gel groups) in the SCI conditions. The NSC-pGNP gel group showed the lowest differentiation into astrocytes (stained with glial fibrillary acidic protein). Regeneration of damaged axons (stained with biotinylated dextran amines) within the lesion was two-fold higher in the NSC-pGNP gel group than that in the NSC gel group. The highest locomotor scores were also found in the NSC-pGNP gel group. These outcomes suggest that neuron-inducing pGNP gel graft embedding embryonic spinal cord-derived NSCs can be a useful type of stem cell therapy after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan‐Kyu Ko
- Department of NeurosurgeryCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kim
- Department of NeurosurgeryCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Gong Ho Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Daye Lee
- Department of NeurosurgeryCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Dabin Jeong
- Department of NeurosurgeryCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
- Department of BiologyLawrence UniversityAppletonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Materials, School of DentistryKyung Hee UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - In‐Bo Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Je Beom Hong
- Department of NeurosurgeryKangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Sheen
- Department of NeurosurgeryCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Seil Sohn
- Department of NeurosurgeryCHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
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Bezsonov EE, Gratchev A, Orekhov AN. Macrophages in Health and Non-Infectious Disease 2.0. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061215. [PMID: 35740237 PMCID: PMC9219829 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Izmailovsky Boulevard, 105043 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.E.B.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Institute of Carcinogenesis, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.E.B.); (A.N.O.)
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