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Marecik S, Pudełko-Prażuch I, Balasubramanian M, Ganesan SM, Chatterjee S, Pielichowska K, Kandaswamy R, Pamuła E. Effect of the Addition of Inorganic Fillers on the Properties of Degradable Polymeric Blends for Bone Tissue Engineering. Molecules 2024; 29:3826. [PMID: 39202905 PMCID: PMC11356924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue exhibits self-healing properties; however, not all defects can be repaired without surgical intervention. Bone tissue engineering offers artificial scaffolds, which can act as a temporary matrix for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to manufacture scaffolds made of poly(lactic acid), poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(propylene fumarate), and poly(ethylene glycol) modified with bioglass, beta tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and/or wollastonite (W) particles. The scaffolds were fabricated using a gel-casting method and observed with optical and scanning electron microscopes. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), wettability, and degradation tests were conducted. The highest content of TCP without W in the composition caused the highest hydrophilicity (water contact angle of 61.9 ± 6.3°), the fastest degradation rate (7% mass loss within 28 days), moderate ability to precipitate CaP after incubation in PBS, and no cytotoxicity for L929 cells. The highest content of W without TCP caused the highest hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 83.4 ± 1.7°), the lowest thermal stability, slower degradation (3% mass loss within 28 days), and did not evoke CaP precipitation. Moreover, some signs of cytotoxicity on day 1 were observed. The samples with both TCP and W showed moderate properties and the best cytocompatibility on day 4. Interestingly, they were covered with typical cauliflower-like hydroxyapatite deposits after incubation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), which might be a sign of their excellent bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Marecik
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (S.M.); (I.P.-P.)
| | - Iwona Pudełko-Prażuch
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (S.M.); (I.P.-P.)
| | - Mareeswari Balasubramanian
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.B.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Sundara Moorthi Ganesan
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.B.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Golapbag Campus, University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India;
| | - Kinga Pielichowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (S.M.); (I.P.-P.)
| | - Ravichandran Kandaswamy
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India; (M.B.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (S.M.); (I.P.-P.)
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Rabiet L, Arakelian L, Jeger-Madiot N, García DR, Larghero J, Aider JL. Acoustic levitation as a tool for cell-driven self-organization of human cell spheroids during long-term 3D culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1422-1434. [PMID: 38225905 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic levitation, which allows contactless manipulation of micro-objects with ultrasounds, is a promising technique for spheroids formation and culture. This acoustofluidic technique favors cell-cell interactions, away from the walls of the chip, which leads to the spontaneous self-organization of cells. Using this approach, we generated spheroids of mesenchymal stromal cells, hepatic and endothelial cells, and showed that long-term culture of cells in acoustic levitation is feasible. We also demonstrated that this self-organization and its dynamics depended weakly on the acoustic parameters but were strongly dependent on the levitated cell type. Moreover, spheroid organization was modified by actin cytoskeleton inhibitors or calcium-mediated interaction inhibitors. Our results confirmed that acoustic levitation is a rising technique for fundamental research and biotechnological industrial application in the rapidly growing field of microphysiological systems. It allowed easily obtaining spheroids of specific and predictable shape and size, which could be cultivated over several days, without requiring hydrogels or extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Rabiet
- Laboratoire Physique et mécanique des milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
- Inserm U976, CIC-BT CBT501, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lousineh Arakelian
- Inserm U976, CIC-BT CBT501, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Jeger-Madiot
- Laboratoire Physique et mécanique des milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
| | - Duván Rojas García
- Laboratoire Physique et mécanique des milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Inserm U976, CIC-BT CBT501, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Aider
- Laboratoire Physique et mécanique des milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
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Bontempi M, Marchiori G, Petretta M, Capozza R, Grigolo B, Giavaresi G, Gambardella A. Nanomechanical Mapping of Three Dimensionally Printed Poly-ε-Caprolactone Single Microfibers at the Cell Scale for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:617. [PMID: 38132556 PMCID: PMC10742115 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) has been widely used in additive manufacturing for the construction of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. However, its use is limited by its lack of bioactivity and inability to induce cell adhesion, hence limiting bone tissue regeneration. Biomimicry is strongly influenced by the dynamics of cell-substrate interaction. Thus, characterizing scaffolds at the cell scale could help to better understand the relationship between surface mechanics and biological response. We conducted atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation on 3D-printed PCL fibers of ~300 µm thickness and mapped the near-surface Young's modulus at loading forces below 50 nN. In this non-disruptive regime, force mapping did not show clear patterns in the spatial distribution of moduli or a relationship with the topographic asperities within a given region. Remarkably, we found that the average modulus increased linearly with the logarithm of the strain rate. Finally, a dependence of the moduli on the history of nanoindentation was demonstrated on locations of repeated nanoindentations, likely due to creep phenomena capable of hindering viscoelasticity. Our findings can contribute to the rational design of scaffolds for bone regeneration that are capable of inducing cell adhesion and proliferation. The methodologies described are potentially applicable to various tissue-engineered biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bontempi
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Gregorio Marchiori
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Mauro Petretta
- REGENHU SA, Z.I Du Vivier 22, CH-1690 Villaz-St-Pierre, Switzerland;
| | - Rosario Capozza
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK;
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Alessandro Gambardella
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.); (G.G.)
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李 驰, 樊 瑜, 郑 丽. [Differentiation of stem cells regulated by biophysical cues]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2023; 40:609-616. [PMID: 37666749 PMCID: PMC10477397 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been regarded with promising application potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation abilities. However, their fate is relied on their local microenvironment, or niche. Recent studied have demonstrated that biophysical factors, defined as physical microenvironment in which stem cells located play a vital role in regulating stem cell committed differentiation. In vitro, synthetic physical microenvironments can be used to precisely control a variety of biophysical properties. On this basis, the effect of biophysical properties such as matrix stiffness, matrix topography and mechanical force on the committed differentiation of stem cells was further investigated. This paper summarizes the approach of mechanical models of artificial physical microenvironment and reviews the effects of different biophysical characteristics on stem cell differentiation, in order to provide reference for future research and development in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- 驰宇 李
- 北京航空航天大学 生物与医学工程学院 北京市生物医学工程高精尖创新中心 生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室(北京 100083)Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - 瑜波 樊
- 北京航空航天大学 生物与医学工程学院 北京市生物医学工程高精尖创新中心 生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室(北京 100083)Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - 丽沙 郑
- 北京航空航天大学 生物与医学工程学院 北京市生物医学工程高精尖创新中心 生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室(北京 100083)Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Rosado-Galindo H, Domenech M. Substrate topographies modulate the secretory activity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:208. [PMID: 37605275 PMCID: PMC10441765 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete a diversity of factors with broad therapeutic potential, yet current culture methods limit potency outcomes. In this study, we used topographical cues on polystyrene films to investigate their impact on the secretory profile and potency of bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs). hBM-MSCs from four donors were cultured on topographic substrates depicting defined roughness, curvature, grooves and various levels of wettability. METHODS The topographical PS-based array was developed using razor printing, polishing and plasma treatment methods. hBM-MSCs from four donors were purchased from RoosterBio and used in co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Cell Applications Inc. in an immunopotency assay to measure immunosuppressive capacity. Cells were cultured on low serum (2%) for 24-48 h prior to analysis. Image-based analysis was used for cell quantification and morphology assessment. Metabolic activity of BM-hMSCs was measured as the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate using an extracellular flux analyzer. Conditioned media samples of BM-hMSCs were used to quantify secreted factors, and the data were analyzed using R statistics. Enriched bioprocesses were identify using the Gene Ontology tool enrichGO from the clusterprofiler. One-way and two-way ANOVAs were carried out to identify significant changes between the conditions. Results were deemed statistically significant for combined P < 0.05 for at least three independent experiments. RESULTS Cell viability was not significantly affected in the topographical substrates, and cell elongation was enhanced at least twofold in microgrooves and surfaces with a low contact angle. Increased cell elongation correlated with a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to a glycolytic state which is indicative of a high-energy state. Differential protein expression and gene ontology analyses identified bioprocesses enriched across donors associated with immune modulation and tissue regeneration. The growth of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was suppressed in hBM-MSCs co-cultures, confirming enhanced immunosuppressive potency. YAP/TAZ levels were found to be reduced on these topographies confirming a mechanosensing effect on cells and suggesting a potential role in the immunomodulatory function of hMSCs. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the potential of topographical cues as a culture strategy to improve the secretory capacity and enrich for an immunomodulatory phenotype in hBM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heizel Rosado-Galindo
- Bioengineering Program, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Road 108, KM 1.1., Mayagüez, PR, 00680, USA
| | - Maribella Domenech
- Bioengineering Program, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Road 108, KM 1.1., Mayagüez, PR, 00680, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Road 108, KM 1.1., Mayagüez, PR, 00680, USA.
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Woodbury SM, Swanson WB, Mishina Y. Mechanobiology-informed biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies for influencing skeletal stem and progenitor cell fate. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1220555. [PMID: 37520820 PMCID: PMC10373313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) are the multi-potent, self-renewing cell lineages that form the hematopoietic environment and adventitial structures of the skeletal tissues. Skeletal tissues are responsible for a diverse range of physiological functions because of the extensive differentiation potential of SSPCs. The differentiation fates of SSPCs are shaped by the physical properties of their surrounding microenvironment and the mechanical loading forces exerted on them within the skeletal system. In this context, the present review first highlights important biomolecules involved with the mechanobiology of how SSPCs sense and transduce these physical signals. The review then shifts focus towards how the static and dynamic physical properties of microenvironments direct the biological fates of SSPCs, specifically within biomaterial and tissue engineering systems. Biomaterial constructs possess designable, quantifiable physical properties that enable the growth of cells in controlled physical environments both in-vitro and in-vivo. The utilization of biomaterials in tissue engineering systems provides a valuable platform for controllably directing the fates of SSPCs with physical signals as a tool for mechanobiology investigations and as a template for guiding skeletal tissue regeneration. It is paramount to study this mechanobiology and account for these mechanics-mediated behaviors to develop next-generation tissue engineering therapies that synergistically combine physical and chemical signals to direct cell fate. Ultimately, taking advantage of the evolved mechanobiology of SSPCs with customizable biomaterial constructs presents a powerful method to predictably guide bone and skeletal organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. Woodbury
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Department of Physics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - W. Benton Swanson
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Cancedda R, Mastrogiacomo M. Transit Amplifying Cells (TACs): a still not fully understood cell population. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1189225. [PMID: 37229487 PMCID: PMC10203484 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1189225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tissue homeostasis and tissue regeneration after an insult are essential functions of adult stem cells (SCs). In adult tissues, SCs proliferate at a very slow rate within "stem cell niches", but, during tissue development and regeneration, before giving rise to differentiated cells, they give rise to multipotent and highly proliferative cells, known as transit-amplifying cells (TACs). Although differences exist in diverse tissues, TACs are not only a transitory phase from SCs to post-mitotic cells, but they also actively control proliferation and number of their ancestor SCs and proliferation and differentiation of their progeny toward tissue specific functional cells. Autocrine signals and negative and positive feedback and feedforward paracrine signals play a major role in these controls. In the present review we will consider the generation and the role played by TACs during development and regeneration of lining epithelia characterized by a high turnover including epidermis and hair follicles, ocular epithelial surfaces, and intestinal mucosa. A comparison between these different tissues will be made. There are some genes and molecular pathways whose expression and activation are common to most TACs regardless their tissue of origin. These include, among others, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and BMP pathways. However, the response to these molecular signals can vary in TACs of different tissues. Secondly, we will consider cultured cells derived from tissues of mesodermal origin and widely adopted for cell therapy treatments. These include mesenchymal stem cells and dedifferentiated chondrocytes. The possible correlation between cell dedifferentiation and reversion to a transit amplifying cell stage will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranieri Cancedda
- Emeritus Professor, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche (DIMI), Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Di Pompo G, Liguori A, Carlini M, Avnet S, Boi M, Baldini N, Focarete ML, Bianchi M, Gualandi C, Graziani G. Electrospun fibers coated with nanostructured biomimetic hydroxyapatite: A new platform for regeneration at the bone interfaces. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213231. [PMID: 36495842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of gradient organic/inorganic tissues is a challenging task in orthopaedics. Indeed, to mimic tissue characteristics and stimulate bone regeneration at the interface, it is necessary to reproduce both the mineral and organic components of the tissue ECM, as well as the micro/nano-fibrous morphology. To address this goal, we propose here novel biomimetic patches obtained by the combination of electrospinning and nanostructured bone apatite. In particular, we deposited apatite on the electrospun fibers by Ionized Jet Deposition, a plasma-assisted technique that allows conformal deposition and the preservation in the coating of the target's stoichiometry. The damage to the substrate and fibrous morphology is a polymer-dependent aspect, that can be avoided by properly selecting the substrate composition and deposition parameters. In fact, all the tested polymers (poly(l-lactide), poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide, poly(ε-caprolactone), collagen) were effectively coated, and the morphological and thermal characterization revealed that poly(ε-caprolactone) suffered the least damage. The coating of collagen fibers, on the other hand, destroyed the fiber morphology and it could only be performed when collagen is blended with a more resistant synthetic polymer in the nanofibers. Due to the biomimetic composition and multiscale morphology from micro to nano, the poly(ε-caprolactone)-collagen biomimetic patches coated with bone apatite supported MSCs adhesion, patch colonization and early differentiation, while allowing optimal viability. The biomimetic coating allowed better scaffold colonization, promoting cell spreading on the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Carlini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Michele Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Bhushan S, Singh S, Maiti TK, Sharma C, Dutt D, Sharma S, Li C, Tag Eldin EM. Scaffold Fabrication Techniques of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Critical Review. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120728. [PMID: 36550933 PMCID: PMC9774188 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising alternative to repair bone defects using biomaterial scaffolds, cells, and growth factors to attain satisfactory outcomes. This review targets the fabrication of bone scaffolds, such as the conventional and electrohydrodynamic techniques, for the treatment of bone defects as an alternative to autograft, allograft, and xenograft sources. Additionally, the modern approaches to fabricating bone constructs by additive manufacturing, injection molding, microsphere-based sintering, and 4D printing techniques, providing a favorable environment for bone regeneration, function, and viability, are thoroughly discussed. The polymers used, fabrication methods, advantages, and limitations in bone tissue engineering application are also emphasized. This review also provides a future outlook regarding the potential of BTE as well as its possibilities in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakchi Bhushan
- Department of Paper Technology, IIT Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Sandhya Singh
- Department of Paper Technology, IIT Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Dharm Dutt
- Department of Paper Technology, IIT Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
- Correspondence: (D.D.); or (S.S.); (E.M.T.E.)
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
- Correspondence: (D.D.); or (S.S.); (E.M.T.E.)
| | - Changhe Li
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Elsayed Mohamed Tag Eldin
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.D.); or (S.S.); (E.M.T.E.)
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10
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Feier AM, Portan D, Manu DR, Kostopoulos V, Kotrotsos A, Strnad G, Dobreanu M, Salcudean A, Bataga T. Primary MSCs for Personalized Medicine: Ethical Challenges, Isolation and Biocompatibility Evaluation of 3D Electrospun and Printed Scaffolds. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071563. [PMID: 35884868 PMCID: PMC9313419 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous cell therapy uses patients’ own cells to deliver precise and ideal treatment through a personalized medicine approach. Isolation of patients’ cells from residual tissue extracted during surgery involves specific planning and lab steps. In the present manuscript, a path from isolation to in vitro research with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from residual bone tissues is described as performed by a medical unit in collaboration with a research center. Ethical issues have been addressed by formulating appropriate harvesting protocols according to European regulations. Samples were collected from 19 patients; 10 of them were viable and after processing resulted in MSCs. MSCs were further differentiated in osteoblasts to investigate the biocompatibility of several 3D scaffolds produced by electrospinning and 3D printing technologies; traditional orthopedic titanium and nanostructured titanium substrates were also tested. 3D printed scaffolds proved superior compared to other substrates, enabling significantly improved response in osteoblast cells, indicating that their biomimetic structure and properties make them suitable for synthetic tissue engineering. The present research is a proof of concept that describes the process of primary stem cells isolation for in vitro research and opens avenues for the development of personalized cell platforms in the case of patients with orthopedic trauma. The demonstration model has promising perspectives in personalized medicine practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Marian Feier
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Diana Portan
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.D.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.K.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Doina Ramona Manu
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Vassilis Kostopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Athanasios Kotrotsos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Gabriela Strnad
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Minodora Dobreanu
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Andreea Salcudean
- Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Tiberiu Bataga
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
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11
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Raman N, Imran SAM, Ahmad Amin Noordin KB, Zaman WSWK, Nordin F. Mechanotransduction in Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Differentiation: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4580. [PMID: 35562971 PMCID: PMC9105508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is the process by which physical force is converted into a biochemical signal that is used in development and physiology; meanwhile, it is intended for the ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical forces by activating intracellular signals transduction pathways and the relative phenotypic adaptation. It encompasses the role of mechanical stimuli for developmental, morphological characteristics, and biological processes in different organs; the response of cells to mechanically induced force is now also emerging as a major determinant of disease. Due to fluid shear stress caused by blood flowing tangentially across the lumen surface, cells of the cardiovascular system are typically exposed to a variety of mechanotransduction. In the body, tissues are continuously exposed to physical forces ranging from compression to strain, which is caused by fluid pressure and compressive forces. Only lately, though, has the importance of how forces shape stem cell differentiation into lineage-committed cells and how mechanical forces can cause or exacerbate disease besides organizing cells into tissues been acknowledged. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potent mediators of cardiac repair which can secret a large array of soluble factors that have been shown to play a huge role in tissue repair. Differentiation of MSCs is required to regulate mechanical factors such as fluid shear stress, mechanical strain, and the rigidity of the extracellular matrix through various signaling pathways for their use in regenerative medicine. In the present review, we highlighted mechanical influences on the differentiation of MSCs and the general factors involved in MSCs differentiation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the progress that has been achieved in understanding how MSCs perceive and react to their mechanical environment, as well as to highlight areas where more research has been performed in previous studies to fill in the gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadaa Raman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.R.); (S.A.M.I.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Siti A. M. Imran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.R.); (S.A.M.I.)
| | | | | | - Fazlina Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.R.); (S.A.M.I.)
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