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Tirelli C, Mira S, Belmonte LA, De Filippi F, De Grassi M, Italia M, Maggioni S, Guido G, Mondoni M, Canonica GW, Centanni S. Exploring the Potential Role of Metabolomics in COPD: A Concise Review. Cells 2024; 13:475. [PMID: 38534319 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a pathological condition of the respiratory system characterized by chronic airflow obstruction, associated with changes in the lung parenchyma (pulmonary emphysema), bronchi (chronic bronchitis) and bronchioles (small airways disease). In the last years, the importance of phenotyping and endotyping COPD patients has strongly emerged. Metabolomics refers to the study of metabolites (both intermediate or final products) and their biological processes in biomatrices. The application of metabolomics to respiratory diseases and, particularly, to COPD started more than one decade ago and since then the number of scientific publications on the topic has constantly grown. In respiratory diseases, metabolomic studies have focused on the detection of metabolites derived from biomatrices such as exhaled breath condensate, bronchoalveolar lavage, and also plasma, serum and urine. Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy are powerful tools in the precise identification of potentially prognostic and treatment response biomarkers. The aim of this article was to comprehensively review the relevant literature regarding the applications of metabolomics in COPD, clarifying the potential clinical utility of the metabolomic profile from several biologic matrices in detecting biomarkers of disease and prognosis for COPD. Meanwhile, a complete description of the technological instruments and techniques currently adopted in the metabolomics research will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tirelli
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mira
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Alessandro Belmonte
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Filippi
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro De Grassi
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Italia
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Maggioni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Guido
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Mondoni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Centanni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Hong L, Cheng X, Zheng D. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Nursing of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 2021:6423398. [PMID: 34908913 PMCID: PMC8635944 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6423398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The research achievements of artificial intelligence technology in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were explored, and the advantages and problems encountered in the development of intelligent nursing were analyzed. This paper presents the application of artificial intelligence in the emergency care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The method included 447 COPD patients in a randomized controlled trial to observe the improvement of quality of life at 4 and 12 months after artificial intelligence medical intervention. A prospective randomized controlled trial included 101 patients with COPD who underwent a 9-month web-based knowledge exercise on the prevention of acute exacerbation of COPD through artificial intelligence medicine and were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The results show that, in the experimental group and the control group, after 4 months, the quality of life does not change; after 12 months, compared with controls, the quality of life and emotional and psychological conditions have improved obviously. 29 patients who participated in the experiment and were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group showed satisfactory results. COPD hospitalized rate and length of hospital stay were decreased in the experimental group than in the control group. For single-factor analysis, artificial intelligence medical intervention has not achieved significant significance, and the experimental results have preliminarily confirmed the effectiveness of artificial intelligence medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Hong
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Chun'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311700, China
| | - Xufang Cheng
- Department of Nursing, The First People's Hospital of Chun'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311700, China
| | - Deming Zheng
- Department of Infection, The First People's Hospital of Chun'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311700, China
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Noninvasive detection of COPD and Lung Cancer through breath analysis using MOS Sensor array based e-nose. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1223-1233. [PMID: 34415806 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1971079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper describes the research work done toward the development of a breath analyzing electronic nose (e-nose), and the results obtained from testing patients with lung cancer, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and healthy controls. Pulmonary diseases like COPD and lung cancer are detected with MOS sensor array-based e-noses. The e-nose device with the sensor array, data acquisition system, and pattern recognition can detect the variations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in the expelled breath of patients and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work presents the e-nose equipment design, study subjects selection, breath sampling procedures, and various data analysis tools. The developed e-nose system is tested in 40 patients with lung cancer, 48 patients with COPD, and 90 healthy controls. RESULTS In differentiating lung cancer and COPD from controls, support vector machine (SVM) with 3-fold cross-validation outperformed all other classifiers with an accuracy of 92.3% in cross-validation. In external validation, the same discrimination was achieved by k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) with 75.0% accuracy. CONCLUSION The reported results show that the VOC analysis with an e-nose system holds exceptional possibilities in noninvasive disease diagnosis applications.
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Khoubnasabjafari M, Mogaddam MRA, Rahimpour E, Soleymani J, Saei AA, Jouyban A. Breathomics: Review of Sample Collection and Analysis, Data Modeling and Clinical Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1461-1487. [PMID: 33691552 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1889961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics research is rapidly gaining momentum in disease diagnosis, on top of other Omics technologies. Breathomics, as a branch of metabolomics is developing in various frontiers, for early and noninvasive monitoring of disease. This review starts with a brief introduction to metabolomics and breathomics. A number of important technical issues in exhaled breath collection and factors affecting the sampling procedures are presented. We review the recent progress in metabolomics approaches and a summary of their applications on the respiratory and non-respiratory diseases investigated by breath analysis. Recent reports on breathomics studies retrieved from Scopus and Pubmed were reviewed in this work. We conclude that analyzing breath metabolites (both volatile and nonvolatile) is valuable in disease diagnoses, and therefore believe that breathomics will turn into a promising noninvasive discipline in biomarker discovery and early disease detection in personalized medicine. The problem of wide variations in the reported metabolite concentrations from breathomics studies should be tackled by developing more accurate analytical methods and sophisticated numerical analytical alogorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Liver and Gastrointestinal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath as Fingerprints of Lung Cancer, Asthma and COPD. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010032. [PMID: 33374433 PMCID: PMC7796324 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are inflammatory diseases that have risen worldwide, posing a major public health issue, encompassing not only physical and psychological morbidity and mortality, but also incurring significant societal costs. The leading cause of death worldwide by cancer is that of the lung, which, in large part, is a result of the disease often not being detected until a late stage. Although COPD and asthma are conditions with considerably lower mortality, they are extremely distressful to people and involve high healthcare overheads. Moreover, for these diseases, diagnostic methods are not only costly but are also invasive, thereby adding to people’s stress. It has been appreciated for many decades that the analysis of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath could potentially provide cheaper, rapid, and non-invasive screening procedures to diagnose and monitor the above diseases of the lung. However, after decades of research associated with breath biomarker discovery, no breath VOC tests are clinically available. Reasons for this include the little consensus as to which breath volatiles (or pattern of volatiles) can be used to discriminate people with lung diseases, and our limited understanding of the biological origin of the identified VOCs. Lung disease diagnosis using breath VOCs is challenging. Nevertheless, the numerous studies of breath volatiles and lung disease provide guidance as to what volatiles need further investigation for use in differential diagnosis, highlight the urgent need for non-invasive clinical breath tests, illustrate the way forward for future studies, and provide significant guidance to achieve the goal of developing non-invasive diagnostic tests for lung disease. This review provides an overview of these issues from evaluating key studies that have been undertaken in the years 2010–2019, in order to present objective and comprehensive updated information that presents the progress that has been made in this field. The potential of this approach is highlighted, while strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are discussed. This review will be of interest to chemists, biologists, medical doctors and researchers involved in the development of analytical instruments for breath diagnosis.
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