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Gupta A, Rotake D, Darji A. Sensing lead ions in water: a comprehensive review on strategies and sensor materials. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:997-1021. [PMID: 38523231 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known fact that elevated lead ions (Pb2+), the third most toxic among heavy metal ions in aqueous systems, pose a threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems when they exceed permissible limits. Pb2+ is commonly found in industrial waste and fertilizers, contaminating water sources and subsequently entering the human body, causing various adverse health conditions. Unlike being expelled, Pb2+ accumulates within the body, posing potential health risks. The harmful impact of presence of Pb2+ in water have prompted researchers to diligently work toward maintaining water quality. Recognizing the importance of Pb2+, this review article makes a sincere and effective effort to address the issues associated with Pb2+. This overview article gives insights into various sensing approaches to detect Pb2+ in water using different sensing materials, including 2-dimensional materials, thiols, quantum dots, and polymers. Herein, different sensing approaches such as electrochemical, optical, field effect transistor-based, micro-electromechanical system-based, and chemi resistive are thoroughly explained. Field effect transistor-based and chemiresistive work on similar principles and are compared on the basis of their fabrication processes and sensing capabilities. In conclusion, future directions for chemiresistive sensors in Pb2+ detection are proposed, emphasizing their simplicity, portability, straightforward functionality, and ease of fabrication. Notably, it sheds light on various thiol and ligand compounds and coupling strategies utilized in Pb2+ detection. This comprehensive study is expected to benefit individuals engaged in Pb2+ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Gupta
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchhanath, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Ramdeo Tekdi, Nagpur, 440013, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dinesh Rotake
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Anand Darji
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchhanath, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
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2
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Raghunathan M, Kapoor A, Mohammad A, Kumar P, Singh R, Tripathi SC, Muzammil K, Pal DB. Advances in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides-based sensors for environmental, food, and biomedical analysis: A review. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4703. [PMID: 38433325 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are versatile two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials used in biosensing applications due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. Due to biomaterial target properties, biosensors' most significant challenge is improving their sensitivity and stability. In environmental analysis, TMDCs have demonstrated exceptional pollutant detection and removal capabilities. Their high surface area, tunable electronic properties, and chemical reactivity make them ideal for sensors and adsorbents targeting various contaminants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, and emerging contaminants. Furthermore, their unique electronic and optical properties enable sensitive detection techniques, enhancing our ability to monitor and mitigate environmental pollution. In the food analysis, TMDCs-based nanomaterials have shown remarkable potential in ensuring food safety and quality. These nanomaterials exhibit high specificity and sensitivity for detecting contaminants, pathogens, and adulterants in various food matrices. Their integration into sensor platforms enables rapid and on-site analysis, reducing the reliance on centralized laboratories and facilitating timely interventions in the food supply chain. In biomedical studies, TMDCs-based nanomaterials have demonstrated significant strides in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Their biocompatibility, surface functionalization versatility, and photothermal properties have paved the way for novel disease detection, drug delivery, and targeted therapy approaches. Moreover, TMDCs-based nanomaterials have shown promise in imaging modalities, providing enhanced contrast and resolution for various medical imaging techniques. This article provides a comprehensive overview of 2D TMDCs-based biosensors, emphasizing the growing demand for advanced sensing technologies in environmental, food, and biomedical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Raghunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Chemical Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash C Tripathi
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zain M, Ma H, Ur Rahman S, Nuruzzaman M, Chaudhary S, Azeem I, Mehmood F, Duan A, Sun C. Nanotechnology in precision agriculture: Advancing towards sustainable crop production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108244. [PMID: 38071802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers many potential solutions for sustainable agroecosystem, including improvement in nutrient use efficiency, efficacy of pest management, and minimizing the adverse environmental effects of agricultural production. Herein, we first highlighted the integrated application of nanotechnology and precision agriculture for sustainable productivity. Application of nanoparticle mediated material and advanced biosensors in precision agriculture is only possible by nanochips or nanosensors. Nanosensors offers the measurement of various stresses, soil quality parameters and detection of heavy metals along with the enhanced data collection, enabling precise decision-making and resource management in agricultural systems. Nanoencapsulation of conventional chemical fertilizers (known as nanofertilizers), and pesticides (known as nanopesticides) helps in sustained and slow release of chemicals to soils and results in precise dosage to plants. Further, nano-based disease detection kits are popular tools for early and speedy detection of viral diseases. Many other innovative approaches including biosynthesized nanoparticles have been evaluated and proposed at various scales, but in fact there are some barriers for practical application of nanotechnology in soil-plant system, including safety and regulatory concerns, efficient delivery at field levels, and consumer acceptance. Finally, we outlined the policy options and actions required for sustainable agricultural productivity, and proposed various research pathways that may help to overcome the upcoming challenges regarding practical implications of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haijiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Md Nuruzzaman
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Sadaf Chaudhary
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Azeem
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Faisal Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Liu T, Wang L, Jiang R, Tang Y, He Y, Sun C, Lv Y, Liu S. Fluorescence Properties of ZnOQDs-GO-g-C 3N 4 Nanocomposites. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:711. [PMID: 37420944 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the fluorescence properties of ZnOQD-GO-g-C3N4 composite materials (ZCGQDs) were studied. Firstly, the addition of a silane coupling agent (APTES) in the synthesis process was explored, and it was found that the addition of 0.04 g·mL-1 APTES had the largest relative fluorescence intensity and the highest quenching efficiency. The selectivity of ZCGQDs for metal ions was also investigated, and it was found that ZCGQDs showed good selectivity for Cu2+. ZCGQDs were optimally mixed with Cu2+ for 15 min. ZCGQDs also had good anti-interference capability toward Cu2+. There was a linear relationship between the concentration of Cu2+ and the fluorescence intensity of ZCGQDs in the range of 1~100 µM. The regression equation was found to be F0/F = 0.9687 + 0.12343C. The detection limit of Cu2+ was about 1.74 μM. The quenching mechanism was also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Ruxue Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yashi Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yuxin He
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Changze Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yuguang Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
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Yoshii T, Nishitsugu F, Kikawada K, Maehashi K, Ikuta T. Identification of Cadmium Compounds in a Solution Using Graphene-Based Sensor Array. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1519. [PMID: 36772559 PMCID: PMC9921919 DOI: 10.3390/s23031519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of heavy metals in solution is necessary to ensure human health and environmental protection. Some heavy-metal compounds are present in solution as compounds instead of as ions owing to their low ionization. Therefore, the development of sensor devices for the detection of heavy-metal compounds is important. In this study, as a proof of concept, we propose a sensor device using graphene and a chelating agent, which were used to develop an identification technique for three types of cadmium compounds. Pristine-graphene and two types of chelator-modified graphene-based sensors were successfully used to detect cadmium compounds at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 μM. The detection time was less than 5 min. The three type of graphene-based sensors responded differently to each cadmium compound, which indicates that they detected cadmium as a cadmium compound instead of as cadmium ions. Furthermore, we successfully identified cadmium compounds by operating these three types of sensors as a sensor array on the same substrate. The results indicate that sensors that focus on heavy-metal compounds instead of heavy-metal ions can be used for the detection of heavy metals in solution.
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Fauzi N, Mohd Asri RI, Mohamed Omar MF, Manaf AA, Kawarada H, Falina S, Syamsul M. Status and Prospects of Heterojunction-Based HEMT for Next-Generation Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:325. [PMID: 36838025 PMCID: PMC9966278 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High electron mobility transistor (HEMT) biosensors hold great potential for realizing label-free, real-time, and direct detection. Owing to their unique properties of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), HEMT biosensors have the ability to amplify current changes pertinent to potential changes with the introduction of any biomolecules, making them highly surface charge sensitive. This review discusses the recent advances in the use of AlGaN/GaN and AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT as biosensors in the context of different gate architectures. We describe the fundamental mechanisms underlying their operational functions, giving insight into crucial experiments as well as the necessary analysis and validation of data. Surface functionalization and biorecognition integrated into the HEMT gate structures, including self-assembly strategies, are also presented in this review, with relevant and promising applications discussed for ultra-sensitive biosensors. Obstacles and opportunities for possible optimization are also surveyed. Conclusively, future prospects for further development and applications are discussed. This review is instructive for researchers who are new to this field as well as being informative for those who work in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najihah Fauzi
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahil Izzati Mohd Asri
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faiz Mohamed Omar
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Kawarada
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- The Kagami Memorial Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Shaili Falina
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Mohd Syamsul
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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7
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Falina S, Anuar K, Shafiee SA, Juan JC, Manaf AA, Kawarada H, Syamsul M. Two-Dimensional Non-Carbon Materials-Based Electrochemical Printed Sensors: An Updated Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22239358. [PMID: 36502059 PMCID: PMC9735910 DOI: 10.3390/s22239358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in electrochemical printed sensors for a wide range of applications such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, food safety, and environmental fields. A major challenge is to obtain selective, sensitive, and reliable sensing platforms that can meet the stringent performance requirements of these application areas. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials advances have accelerated the performance of electrochemical sensors towards more practical approaches. This review discusses the recent development of electrochemical printed sensors, with emphasis on the integration of non-carbon 2D materials as sensing platforms. A brief introduction to printed electrochemical sensors and electrochemical technique analysis are presented in the first section of this review. Subsequently, sensor surface functionalization and modification techniques including drop-casting, electrodeposition, and printing of functional ink are discussed. In the next section, we review recent insights into novel fabrication methodologies, electrochemical techniques, and sensors' performances of the most used transition metal dichalcogenides materials (such as MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2), MXenes, and hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN). Finally, the challenges that are faced by electrochemical printed sensors are highlighted in the conclusion. This review is not only useful to provide insights for researchers that are currently working in the related area, but also instructive to the ones new to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Falina
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Khairu Anuar
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Arifin Shafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalyst Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Kawarada
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- The Kagami Memorial Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Mohd Syamsul
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Sensors Based on the Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors for Chemical and Biological Analyses. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100776. [PMID: 36290914 PMCID: PMC9599861 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nano biochemical sensors play an important role in detecting the biomarkers related to human diseases, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become an important factor in promoting the vigorous development of this field due to their special structure and excellent electronic properties. This paper focuses on applying carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT-FET) biochemical sensors to detect biomarkers. Firstly, the preparation method, physical and electronic properties and functional modification of CNTs are introduced. Then, the configuration and sensing mechanism of CNT-FETs are introduced. Finally, the latest progress in detecting nucleic acids, proteins, cells, gases and ions based on CNT-FET sensors is summarized.
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Yin Y, Guo C, Li H, Yang H, Xiong F, Chen D. The Progress of Research into Flexible Sensors in the Field of Smart Wearables. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22145089. [PMID: 35890768 PMCID: PMC9319532 DOI: 10.3390/s22145089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In modern society, technology associated with smart sensors made from flexible materials is rapidly evolving. As a core component in the field of wearable smart devices (or 'smart wearables'), flexible sensors have the advantages of excellent flexibility, ductility, free folding properties, and more. When choosing materials for the development of sensors, reduced weight, elasticity, and wearer's convenience are considered as advantages, and are suitable for electronic skin, monitoring of health-related issues, biomedicine, human-computer interactions, and other fields of biotechnology. The idea behind wearable sensory devices is to enable their easy integration into everyday life. This review discusses the concepts of sensory mechanism, detected object, and contact form of flexible sensors, and expounds the preparation materials and their applicability. This is with the purpose of providing a reference for the further development of flexible sensors suitable for wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Yin
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Hong Li
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Hongying Yang
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
- Henan Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Textile and Garment Industry, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Fan Xiong
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Dongyi Chen
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
- College of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, China
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Elli G, Hamed S, Petrelli M, Ibba P, Ciocca M, Lugli P, Petti L. Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensors for Environmental and Agricultural Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22114178. [PMID: 35684798 PMCID: PMC9185402 DOI: 10.3390/s22114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The precise monitoring of environmental contaminants and agricultural plant stress factors, respectively responsible for damages to our ecosystems and crop losses, has nowadays become a topic of uttermost importance. This is also highlighted by the recent introduction of the so-called "Sustainable Development Goals" of the United Nations, which aim at reducing pollutants while implementing more sustainable food production practices, leading to a reduced impact on all ecosystems. In this context, the standard methods currently used in these fields represent a sub-optimal solution, being expensive, laboratory-based techniques, and typically requiring trained personnel with high expertise. Recent advances in both biotechnology and material science have led to the emergence of new sensing (and biosensing) technologies, enabling low-cost, precise, and real-time detection. An especially interesting category of biosensors is represented by field-effect transistor-based biosensors (bio-FETs), which enable the possibility of performing in situ, continuous, selective, and sensitive measurements of a wide palette of different parameters of interest. Furthermore, bio-FETs offer the possibility of being fabricated using innovative and sustainable materials, employing various device configurations, each customized for a specific application. In the specific field of environmental and agricultural monitoring, the exploitation of these devices is particularly attractive as it paves the way to early detection and intervention strategies useful to limit, or even completely avoid negative outcomes (such as diseases to animals or ecosystems losses). This review focuses exactly on bio-FETs for environmental and agricultural monitoring, highlighting the recent and most relevant studies. First, bio-FET technology is introduced, followed by a detailed description of the the most commonly employed configurations, the available device fabrication techniques, as well as the specific materials and recognition elements. Then, examples of studies employing bio-FETs for environmental and agricultural monitoring are presented, highlighting in detail advantages and disadvantages of available examples. Finally, in the discussion, the major challenges to be overcome (e.g., short device lifetime, small sensitivity and selectivity in complex media) are critically presented. Despite the current limitations and challenges, this review clearly shows that bio-FETs are extremely promising for new and disruptive innovations in these areas and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Elli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.H.); (M.P.); (P.I.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Saleh Hamed
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.H.); (M.P.); (P.I.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia Petrelli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.H.); (M.P.); (P.I.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ibba
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.H.); (M.P.); (P.I.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Manuela Ciocca
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.H.); (M.P.); (P.I.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Paolo Lugli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.H.); (M.P.); (P.I.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Luisa Petti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.H.); (M.P.); (P.I.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (L.P.)
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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11
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Anusuya P, Kumar P, Esakki P, Agarwal L. Recent Study on Schottky Tunnel Field Effect Transistor for Biosensing Applications. SILICON 2022; 14:10187-10198. [PMCID: PMC8942811 DOI: 10.1007/s12633-022-01828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discussed highly sensitive biosensor devices which is having a more attractive, wide scope and development in the sensing field. Biosensor devices can detect the charged and neutral charged biomolecules such as protein, nucleic acids, antibody agents and viruses. Due to these highly sensitive biosensor devices, we mainly focused on schottky tunnel field-effect transistors (STFET), these transistors have unique properties such as enhanced transconductance and gate controllability, low leakage current etc. In addition, we studied the performances and challenges of STFET by dielectric modulation doping concentration, dielectric modulation, and heterostructure devices. Further, we have reviewed the comparison of STFET and conventional devices. This article reviews mainly on the study of high sensitivity analysis of STFET and modified Schottky-TFET structures for the use of biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anusuya
- Microelectronics and VLSI Design Group, School of Electronics, VIT-Chennai University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127 India
| | - Prashanth Kumar
- Microelectronics and VLSI Design Group, School of Electronics, VIT-Chennai University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127 India
| | - Papanasam Esakki
- Microelectronics and VLSI Design Group, School of Electronics, VIT-Chennai University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127 India
| | - Lucky Agarwal
- Microelectronics and VLSI Design Group, School of Electronics, VIT-Chennai University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127 India
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