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Hou S, Kang Z, Liu Y, Lü C, Wang X, Wang Q, Ma C, Xu P, Gao C. An enzymic l-2-hydroxyglutarate biosensor based on l-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase from Azoarcus olearius. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 243:115740. [PMID: 37862756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
l-2-Hydroxyglutarate (l-2-HG) is a critical signaling and immune metabolite but its excessive accumulation can lead to l-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, renal cancer, and other diseases. Development of efficient and high-throughput methods for selective l-2-HG detection is urgently required. In this study, l-2-HG dehydrogenase in Azoarcus olearius BH72 (AoL2HGDH) was screened from ten homologs and identified as an enzyme with high specificity and activity toward l-2-HG dehydrogenation. Then, an enzymatic assay-based l-2-HG-sensing fluorescent reporter, EaLHGFR which consists of AoL2HGDH and resazurin, was developed for the detection of l-2-HG. The response magnitude and limit of detection of EaLHGFR were systematically optimized using a single-factor screening strategy. The optimal biosensor EaLHGFR-2 exhibited a response magnitude of 2189.25 ± 26.89% and a limit of detection of 0.042 μM. It can accurately detect the concentration of l-2-HG in bacterial and cellular samples as well as human body fluids. Considering its desirable properties, EaLHGFR-2 may be a promising alternative for quantitation of l-2-HG in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, People's Republic of China.
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Fan YF, Guo ZB, Ge GB. Enzyme-Based Biosensors and Their Applications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040476. [PMID: 37185551 PMCID: PMC10136108 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes constitute an extremely important class of biomacromolecules with diverse catalytic functions, which have been validated as key mediators for regulating cellular metabolism and maintaining homeostasis in living organisms [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Fan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhao-Bin Guo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Falina S, Anuar K, Shafiee SA, Juan JC, Manaf AA, Kawarada H, Syamsul M. Two-Dimensional Non-Carbon Materials-Based Electrochemical Printed Sensors: An Updated Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22239358. [PMID: 36502059 PMCID: PMC9735910 DOI: 10.3390/s22239358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in electrochemical printed sensors for a wide range of applications such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, food safety, and environmental fields. A major challenge is to obtain selective, sensitive, and reliable sensing platforms that can meet the stringent performance requirements of these application areas. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials advances have accelerated the performance of electrochemical sensors towards more practical approaches. This review discusses the recent development of electrochemical printed sensors, with emphasis on the integration of non-carbon 2D materials as sensing platforms. A brief introduction to printed electrochemical sensors and electrochemical technique analysis are presented in the first section of this review. Subsequently, sensor surface functionalization and modification techniques including drop-casting, electrodeposition, and printing of functional ink are discussed. In the next section, we review recent insights into novel fabrication methodologies, electrochemical techniques, and sensors' performances of the most used transition metal dichalcogenides materials (such as MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2), MXenes, and hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN). Finally, the challenges that are faced by electrochemical printed sensors are highlighted in the conclusion. This review is not only useful to provide insights for researchers that are currently working in the related area, but also instructive to the ones new to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Falina
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Khairu Anuar
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Arifin Shafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalyst Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Kawarada
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- The Kagami Memorial Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Mohd Syamsul
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Revealing a New Family of D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Dehydrogenases in Escherichia coli and Pantoea ananatis Encoded by ydiJ. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091766. [PMID: 36144368 PMCID: PMC9504171 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In E. coli and P. ananatis, L-serine biosynthesis is initiated by the action of D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (SerA), which converts D-3-phosphoglycerate into 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate. SerA can concomitantly catalyze the production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HGA) from 2-ketoglutarate by oxidizing NADH to NAD+. Several bacterial D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenases (D2HGDHs) have recently been identified, which convert D-2-HGA back to 2-ketoglutarate. However, knowledge about the enzymes that can metabolize D-2-HGA is lacking in bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. We found that ydiJ encodes novel D2HGDHs in P. ananatis and E. coli, which were assigned as D2HGDHPa and D2HGDHEc, respectively. Inactivation of ydiJ in P. ananatis and E. coli led to the significant accumulation of D-2-HGA. Recombinant D2HGDHEc and D2HGDHPa were purified to homogeneity and characterized. D2HGDHEc and D2HGDHPa are homotetrameric with a subunit molecular mass of 110 kDa. The pH optimum was 7.5 for D2HGDHPa and 8.0 for D2HGDHEc. The Km for D-2-HGA was 208 μM for D2HGDHPa and 83 μM for D2HGDHEc. The enzymes have strict substrate specificity towards D-2-HGA and displayed maximal activity at 45 °C. Their activity was completely inhibited by 0.5 mM Mn2+, Ni2+ or Co2+. The discovery of a novel family of D2HGDHs may provide fundamental information for the metabolic engineering of microbial chassis with desired properties.
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