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McVey Neufeld KA, Mao YK, West CL, Ahn M, Hameed H, Iwashita E, Stanisz AM, Forsythe P, Barbut D, Zasloff M, Kunze WA. Squalamine reverses age-associated changes of firing patterns of myenteric sensory neurons and vagal fibres. Commun Biol 2024; 7:80. [PMID: 38200107 PMCID: PMC10781697 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve signaling is a key component of the gut-brain axis and regulates diverse physiological processes that decline with age. Gut to brain vagus firing patterns are regulated by myenteric intrinsic primary afferent neuron (IPAN) to vagus neurotransmission. It remains unclear how IPANs or the afferent vagus age functionally. Here we identified a distinct ageing code in gut to brain neurotransmission defined by consistent differences in firing rates, burst durations, interburst and intraburst firing intervals of IPANs and the vagus, when comparing young and aged neurons. The aminosterol squalamine changed aged neurons firing patterns to a young phenotype. In contrast to young neurons, sertraline failed to increase firing rates in the aged vagus whereas squalamine was effective. These results may have implications for improved treatments involving pharmacological and electrical stimulation of the vagus for age-related mood and other disorders. For example, oral squalamine might be substituted for or added to sertraline for the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Kang Mao
- Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christine L West
- Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Ahn
- Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hashim Hameed
- Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eiko Iwashita
- Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paul Forsythe
- Department of Medicine, 569 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Michael Zasloff
- Enterin, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- MedStar-Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Wolfgang A Kunze
- Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Kotamraju BP, Eggers TE, McCallum GA, Durand DM. Selective chronic recording in small nerve fascicles of sciatic nerve with carbon nanotube yarns in rats. J Neural Eng 2024; 20:066041. [PMID: 38100824 PMCID: PMC10765114 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The primary challenge faced in the field of neural rehabilitation engineering is the limited advancement in nerve interface technology, which currently fails to match the mechanical properties of small-diameter nerve fascicles. Novel developments are necessary to enable long-term, chronic recording from a multitude of small fascicles, allowing for the recovery of motor intent and sensory signals.Approach. In this study, we analyze the chronic recording capabilities of carbon nanotube yarn electrodes in the peripheral somatic nervous system. The electrodes were surgically implanted in the sciatic nerve's three individual fascicles in rats, enabling the recording of neural activity during gait. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and information theory were employed to analyze the data, demonstrating the superior recording capabilities of the electrodes. Flat interface nerve electrode and thin-film longitudinal intrafascicular electrode electrodes were used as a references to assess the results from SNR and information theory analysis.Main results. The electrodes exhibited the ability to record chronic signals with SNRs reaching as high as 15 dB, providing 12 bits of information for the sciatic nerve, a significant improvement over previous methods. Furthermore, the study revealed that the SNR and information content of the neural signals remained consistent over a period of 12 weeks across three different fascicles, indicating the stability of the interface. The signals recorded from these electrodes were also analyzed for selectivity using information theory metrics, which showed an information sharing of approximately 1.4 bits across the fascicles.Significance. The ability to safely and reliably record from multiple fascicles of different nerves simultaneously over extended periods of time holds substantial implications for the field of neural and rehabilitation engineering. This advancement addresses the limitation of current nerve interface technologies and opens up new possibilities for enhancing neural rehabilitation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Kotamraju
- Case Western Reserve University, Neural Engineering Center, Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Thomas E Eggers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Grant A McCallum
- Case Western Reserve University, Neural Engineering Center, Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Dominique M Durand
- Case Western Reserve University, Neural Engineering Center, Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Pollina L, Vallone F, Ottaviani MM, Strauss I, Carlucci L, Recchia FA, Micera S, Moccia S. A lightweight learning-based decoding algorithm for intraneural vagus nerve activity classification in pigs. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35896098 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac84ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bioelectronic medicine is an emerging field that aims at developing closed-loop neuromodulation protocols for the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to treat a wide range of disorders. When designing a closed-loop protocol for real time modulation of the ANS, the computational execution time and the memory and power demands of the decoding step are important factors to consider. In the context of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, these requirements may partially explain why closed-loop clinical neuromodulation protocols that adapt stimulation parameters on patient's clinical characteristics are currently missing. APPROACH Here, we developed a lightweight learning-based decoder for the classification of cardiovascular and respiratory functional challenges from neural signals acquired through intraneural electrodes implanted in the cervical vagus nerve (VN) of 5 anaesthetized pigs. Our algorithm is based on signal temporal windowing, 9 handcrafted features, and Random Forest (RF) model for classification. Temporal windowing ranging from 50 ms to 1 sec, compatible in duration with cardio-respiratory dynamics, was applied to the data in order to mimic a pseudo real-time scenario. MAIN RESULTS We were able to achieve high balanced accuracy (BA) values over the whole range of temporal windowing duration. We identified 500 ms as the optimal temporal windowing duration for both BA values and computational execution time processing, achieving more than 86% for BA and a computational execution time of only ∼6.8 ms. Our algorithm outperformed in terms of balanced accuracy and computational execution time a state of the art decoding algorithm tested on the same dataset [1]. We found that RF outperformed other machine learning models such as Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Multi-Layer Perceptrons. SIGNIFICANCE Our approach could represent an important step towards the implementation of a closed-loop neuromodulation protocol relying on a single intraneural interface able to perform real-time decoding tasks and selective modulation of the VN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pollina
- Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, P.za Martiri della Liberta', 33, Pisa, 56127, ITALY
| | - Fabio Vallone
- Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, P.za Martiri della Liberta', 33, Pisa, 56127, ITALY
| | - Matteo M Ottaviani
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Istituto di Scienze Della Vita (ISV), P.za Martiri della Liberta', 33, Pisa, 56127, ITALY
| | - Ivo Strauss
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.za Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, ITALY
| | - Lucia Carlucci
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Istituto di Scienze Della Vita (ISV), P.zza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, ITALY
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Istituto di Scienze Della Vita (ISV), P.za Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, 56127, ITALY
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.za Martiri della Liberta', 33, Pisa, Toscana, 56127, ITALY
| | - Sara Moccia
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.za Martiri della Liberta', 33, Pisa, 56127, ITALY
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Costin HN, Sanei S. Intelligent Biosignal Processing in Wearable and Implantable Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:396. [PMID: 35735544 PMCID: PMC9220953 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wearable technology including sensors, sensor networks, and the associated devices have opened up space in a variety of applications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Sanei
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
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Ottaviani MM, Vallone F, Micera S, Recchia FA. Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art and Future Directions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:866957. [PMID: 35463766 PMCID: PMC9021417 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.866957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system exerts a fine beat-to-beat regulation of cardiovascular functions and is consequently involved in the onset and progression of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Selective neuromodulation of the brain-heart axis with advanced neurotechnologies is an emerging approach to corroborate CVDs treatment when classical pharmacological agents show limited effectiveness. The vagus nerve is a major component of the cardiac neuroaxis, and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising application to restore autonomic function under various pathological conditions. VNS has led to encouraging results in animal models of CVDs, but its translation to clinical practice has not been equally successful, calling for more investigation to optimize this technique. Herein we reviewed the state of the art of VNS for CVDs and discuss avenues for therapeutic optimization. Firstly, we provided a succinct description of cardiac vagal innervation anatomy and physiology and principles of VNS. Then, we examined the main clinical applications of VNS in CVDs and the related open challenges. Finally, we presented preclinical studies that aim at overcoming VNS limitations through optimization of anatomical targets, development of novel neural interface technologies, and design of efficient VNS closed-loop protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Maria Ottaviani
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Vallone
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neural Engineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio A. Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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