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Wang X, Elbahrawi RT, Abdukadir AM, Ali ZM, Chan V, Corridon PR. A proposed model of xeno-keratoplasty using 3D printing and decellularization. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1193606. [PMID: 37799970 PMCID: PMC10548234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1193606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal opacity is a leading cause of vision impairment and suffering worldwide. Transplantation can effectively restore vision and reduce chronic discomfort. However, there is a considerable shortage of viable corneal graft tissues. Tissue engineering may address this issue by advancing xeno-keratoplasty as a viable alternative to conventional keratoplasty. In particular, livestock decellularization strategies offer the potential to generate bioartificial ocular prosthetics in sufficient supply to match existing and projected needs. To this end, we have examined the best practices and characterizations that have supported the current state-of-the-art driving preclinical and clinical applications. Identifying the challenges that delimit activities to supplement the donor corneal pool derived from acellular scaffolds allowed us to hypothesize a model for keratoprosthesis applications derived from livestock combining 3D printing and decellularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawdah Taha Elbahrawi
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azhar Mohamud Abdukadir
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zehara Mohammed Ali
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R. Corridon
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Hleathcare, Engineering and Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Kabashin AV, Kravets VG, Grigorenko AN. Label-free optical biosensing: going beyond the limits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6554-6585. [PMID: 37681251 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensing holds great promise for a variety of applications in biomedical diagnostics, environmental and food safety, and security. It is already used as a key tool in the investigation of biomolecular binding events and reaction constants in real time and offers further potential additional functionalities and low-cost designs. However, the sensitivity of this technology does not match the routinely used but expensive and slow labelling methods. Therefore, label-free optical biosensing remains predominantly a research tool. Here we discuss how one can go beyond the limits of detection provided by standard optical biosensing platforms and achieve a sensitivity of label-free biosensing that is superior to labelling methods. To this end we review newly emerging optical implementations that overcome current sensitivity barriers by employing novel structural architectures, artificial materials (metamaterials and hetero-metastructures) and using phase of light as a sensing parameter. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism of plasmonic phase biosensing and review hyper-sensitive transducers, which can achieve detection limits at the single molecule level (less than 1 fg mm-2) and make it possible to detect analytes at several orders of magnitude lower concentrations than so far reported in literature. We finally discuss newly emerging layouts based on dielectric nanomaterials, bound states in continuum, and exceptional points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Kabashin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7341 CNRS, LP3, Campus de Luminy-case 917, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
| | - Vasyl G Kravets
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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3
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Danaie M, Hajshahvaladi L, Ghaderpanah E. A single-mode tunable plasmonic sensor based on an 8-shaped resonator for cancer cell detection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13976. [PMID: 37633979 PMCID: PMC10460393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel 8-shaped resonator coupled to metal-insulator-metal waveguides is used for designing plasmonic filters and sensors. The resonator supports two resonance modes, which result in peaks in the transmission spectrum of the structure. A Q-factor of 247.4 which can reach up to 270 at the wavelength of 1187.5 nm is observed. By placing vertical and horizontal metal blades in the resonator, two tunable single-mode plasmonic filters are obtained at the first and second resonance modes, respectively. The effect of structural parameters on the transmission spectrum is investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Based on the obtained results, the proposed plasmonic structure can be used for biosensing applications such as the detection of basal cancer cells with a sensitivity of 1200 nm/RIU. It is of great significance that both the sensitivity and Q-factor values for the proposed structure are higher than most recent sensors reported in the literature. Therefore, the proposed structure is a potentially promising candidate for filtering and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Danaie
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Leila Hajshahvaladi
- Photonics Research Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ghaderpanah
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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Zaidi SA, Shahzad F, Abbas A. Special Issue in "Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Sensing and Biosensing". BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:625. [PMID: 37366990 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the target molecule is required for rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabi Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Faisal Shahzad
- Department of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering (DMME) PIEAS, PO Nilore, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asad Abbas
- Institute for Sustainable Energy and the Environment, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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5
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Pantic IV, Cumic J, Valjarevic S, Shakeel A, Wang X, Vurivi H, Daoud S, Chan V, Petroianu GA, Shibru MG, Ali ZM, Nesic D, Salih AE, Butt H, Corridon PR. Computational approaches for evaluating morphological changes in the corneal stroma associated with decellularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1105377. [PMID: 37304146 PMCID: PMC10250676 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized corneas offer a promising and sustainable source of replacement grafts, mimicking native tissue and reducing the risk of immune rejection post-transplantation. Despite great success in achieving acellular scaffolds, little consensus exists regarding the quality of the decellularized extracellular matrix. Metrics used to evaluate extracellular matrix performance are study-specific, subjective, and semi-quantitative. Thus, this work focused on developing a computational method to examine the effectiveness of corneal decellularization. We combined conventional semi-quantitative histological assessments and automated scaffold evaluations based on textual image analyses to assess decellularization efficiency. Our study highlights that it is possible to develop contemporary machine learning (ML) models based on random forests and support vector machine algorithms, which can identify regions of interest in acellularized corneal stromal tissue with relatively high accuracy. These results provide a platform for developing machine learning biosensing systems for evaluating subtle morphological changes in decellularized scaffolds, which are crucial for assessing their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Pantic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Visegradska 26/II, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jelena Cumic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Valjarevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Adeeba Shakeel
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Vurivi
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sayel Daoud
- Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Georg A. Petroianu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meklit G. Shibru
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zehara M. Ali
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dejan Nesic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Visegradska 26/II, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ahmed E. Salih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R. Corridon
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Wu X, Zhao H, Zhou E, Zou Y, Xiao S, Ma S, You R, Li P. Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23583-23592. [PMID: 37020349 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have drawn significant attention due to their outstanding sensitivity. However, the Boltzmann distribution of electrons imposes a physical limit on the subthreshold swing (SS), and a 2D-material biosensor with sub-60 mV/dec SS has not been realized, which hinders further increase of the sensitivity of 2D-material FET biosensors. Here, we report tunnel FETs (TFETs) based on a SnSe2/WSe2 heterostructure and observe the tunneling effect of a 2D material in aqueous solution for the first time with an ultralow SS of 29 mV/dec. A bilayer dielectric (Al2O3/HfO2) and graphene contacts, which significantly reduce the leakage current in solution and contact resistance, respectively, are crucial to the realization of the tunneling effect in solution. Then, we propose a novel biosensing method by using tunneling current as the sensing signal. The TFETs show an extremely high pH sensitivity of 895/pH due to ultralow SS, surpassing the sensitivity of FET biosensors based on a single 2D material (WSe2) by 8-fold. Specific detection of glucose is realized, and the biosensors show a superb sensitivity (3158 A/A for 5 mM), wide sensing range (from 10-9 to 10-3 M), low detection limit (10-9 M), and rapid response rate (11 s). The sensors also exhibit the ability of monitoring glucose in complex biofluid (sweat). This work provides a platform for ultrasensitive biosensing. The discovery of the tunneling effect of 2D materials in aqueous solution may stimulate further fundamental research and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Microsystem, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haojie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Microsystem, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Enze Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Microsystem, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yixuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Microsystem, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shanpeng Xiao
- China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rui You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Microsystem, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
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Wang X, Shakeel A, Salih AE, Vurivi H, Daoud S, Desidery L, Khan RL, Shibru MG, Ali ZM, Butt H, Chan V, Corridon PR. A scalable corneal xenograft platform: simultaneous opportunities for tissue engineering and circular economic sustainability by repurposing slaughterhouse waste. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1133122. [PMID: 37180037 PMCID: PMC10168539 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1133122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Corneal disease is a leading cause of blindness globally that stems from various etiologies. High-throughput platforms that can generate substantial quantities of corneal grafts will be invaluable in addressing the existing global demand for keratoplasty. Slaughterhouses generate substantial quantities of underutilized biological waste that can be repurposed to reduce current environmentally unfriendly practices. Such efforts to support sustainability can simultaneously drive the development of bioartificial keratoprostheses. Methods: Scores of discarded eyes from the prominent Arabian sheep breeds in our surrounding region of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were repurposed to generate native and acellular corneal keratoprostheses. Acellular corneal scaffolds were created using a whole-eye immersion/agitation-based decellularization technique with a widely available, eco-friendly, and inexpensive 4% zwitterionic biosurfactant solution (Ecover, Malle, Belgium). Conventional approaches like DNA quantification, ECM fibril organization, scaffold dimensions, ocular transparency and transmittance, surface tension measurements, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine corneal scaffold composition. Results: Using this high-throughput system, we effectively removed over 95% of the native DNA from native corneas while retaining the innate microarchitecture that supported substantial light transmission (over 70%) after reversing opacity, a well-established hallmark of decellularization and long-term native corneal storage, with glycerol. FTIR data revealed the absence of spectral peaks in the frequency range 2849 cm-1 to 3075 cm-1, indicating the effective removal of the residual biosurfactant post-decellularization. Surface tension studies confirmed the FTIR data by capturing the surfactant's progressive and effectual removal through tension measurements ranging from approximately 35 mN/m for the 4% decellularizing agent to 70 mN/m for elutes highlighting the effective removal of the detergent. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first dataset to be generated outlining a platform that can produce dozens of ovine acellular corneal scaffolds that effectively preserve ocular transparency, transmittance, and ECM components using an eco-friendly surfactant. Analogously, decellularization technologies can support corneal regeneration with attributes comparable to native xenografts. Thus, this study presents a simplified, inexpensive, and scalable high-throughput corneal xenograft platform to support tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and circular economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adeeba Shakeel
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed E. Salih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Vurivi
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sayel Daoud
- Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luca Desidery
- Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raheema L. Khan
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meklit G. Shibru
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zehara M. Ali
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R. Corridon
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Jahani D, Akhavan O, Hayat A, Shah M. Optical Goos-Hänchen effect in uniaxially strained graphene. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:21-26. [PMID: 36607071 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.475224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We prove the existence of relatively large Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts for graphene in the presence of an applied strain in different crystallographic directions for p and s polarized beams. It is shown that GH shifts are smoothly increased by stretching the graphene's lattice. Moreover, we investigate the GH effect for strained graphene as a function of Fermi energy, which can be controlled by external factors such as gate voltage. We show that applied strain along zigzag and armchair orientations gives different results for GH shifts, which could provide a proper tool for the detection of strain in graphene.
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9
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Design and Analysis of Highly Sensitive LSPR-Based Metal–Insulator–Metal Nano-Discs as a Biosensor for Fast Detection of SARS-CoV-2. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9080542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
For over 2 years, the coronavirus has been the most urgent challenge to humanity, and the development of rapid and accurate detection methods is crucial to control these viruses. Here, a 3D FDTD simulation of Au/SiO2/Au metal–insulator–metal (MIM) nanostructures as a biosensor was performed. The strong coupling between the two plasmonic interfaces in the Au/SiO2/Au cavity helped us to obtain relatively higher sensitivity. The attachment of SARS-CoV-2 changed the refractive index, which was used to detect SARS-CoV-2. Due to the higher overlapping of plasmonic mode with the environment of nano-discs, a higher sensitivity of 312.8 nm/RIU was obtained. The peak wavelength of the proposed structure shifted by approximately 47 nm when the surrounding medium refractive index changed from 1.35 (no binding) to 1.5 (full binding). Consequently, the SPR peak intensity variation can be used as another sensing mechanism to detect SARS-CoV-2. Finally, the previously reported refractive index changes for various concentrations of the SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein solution were used to evaluate the performance of the designed biosensor.
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Almawgani AHM, Daher MG, Taya SA, Mashagbeh M, Colak I. Optical Detection of Fat Concentration in Milk Using MXene-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Structure. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070535. [PMID: 35884338 PMCID: PMC9313228 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
MXene (Ti3C2Tx) has emerged very recently as an interacting material for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) configuration. It was discovered that Ti3C2Tx can facilitate the adsorption of biomolecules due to its higher binding energies, stronger interaction between matter and light, and larger surface area. In this work, a two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx and silicon layer-based SPR refractometric sensor is proposed for the sensitive and fast detection of milk fat concentration due to the high significance of this issue to people all over the world. The proposed SPR structure employs BK7 (BK7 is a designation for the most common Borosilicate Crown glass used for a variety of applications in the visible range) as a coupling prism and silver as a metal layer. The layer thicknesses and the number of Ti3C2Tx sheets are optimized for the highest performance. The highest reached sensitivity is 350 deg./RIU with 50 nm silver and 4 nm silicon with a monolayer of Ti3C2Tx, which is ultra-high sensitivity compared to the latest work that utilizes SPR configuration. The proposed SPR-based sensor's ultra-high sensitivity makes it more attractive for usage in a variety of biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Malek G. Daher
- Physics Department, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza P860, Palestine;
| | - Sofyan A. Taya
- Physics Department, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza P860, Palestine;
| | - Mohammad Mashagbeh
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Ilhami Colak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul 34398, Turkey;
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