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Crapnell RD, Banks CE. Electroanalysis overview: additive manufactured biosensors using fused filament fabrication. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2625-2634. [PMID: 38639065 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (3D-printing), in particular fused filament fabrication, presents a potential paradigm shift in the way electrochemical based biosensing platforms are produced, giving rise to a new generation of personalized and on-demand biosensors. The use of additive manufactured biosensors is unparalleled giving rise to unique customization, facile miniaturization, ease of use, economical but yet, still providing sensitive and selective approaches towards the target analyte. In this mini review, we focus on the use of fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing technology alongside different biosensing approaches that exclusively use antibodies, enzymes and associated biosensing materials (mediators) providing an up-to-date overview with future considerations to expand the additive manufacturing biosensors field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Crapnell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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Nazari-Vanani R, Negahdary M. Recent advances in electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors for the detection of pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117850. [PMID: 38081349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pathogenic microorganisms have caused significant mortality rates and antibiotic resistance and triggered exorbitant healthcare costs. These pathogens often have high transmission rates within human populations. Rapid diagnosis is crucial in controlling and reducing the spread of pathogenic infections. The diagnostic methods currently used against individuals infected with these pathogens include relying on outward symptoms, immunological-based and, some biomolecular ones, which mainly have limitations such as diagnostic errors, time-consuming processes, and high-cost platforms. Electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors have emerged as promising diagnostic tools for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective pathogen detection. These bio-electrochemical platforms have been optimized for diagnostic purposes by incorporating advanced materials (mainly nanomaterials), biomolecular technologies, and innovative designs. This review classifies electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors developed between 2021 and 2023 based on their use of different nanomaterials, such as gold-based, carbon-based, and others that employed other innovative assemblies without the use of nanomaterials. Inspecting the diagnostic features of various sensing platforms against pathogenic analytes can identify research gaps and open new avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Nazari-Vanani
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Deka M, Sinha N, Das R, Hazarika NK, Das H, Daurai B, Gogoi M. A review on the surface modification of materials for 3D-printed diagnostic devices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:485-495. [PMID: 38167879 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing in tissue engineering and biosensing of analytes by using biocompatible materials or modifying surface structures is an upcoming area of study. This review discusses three common surface modification techniques, viz. alkaline hydrolysis, UV light photografting, and plasma treatment. Alkaline hydrolysis involves the reaction of an alkaline solution with the surface of a material, causing the surface to develop carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. This technique can enhance the biocompatibility, surface wettability, adhesion, printability, and dyeability of materials, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate, and polylactic acid (PLA). This review also mentions details about some of the surface-modified 3D-printed diagnostic devices. Although most of the devices are modified using chemical processes, there are always multiple techniques involved while designing a diagnostic device. We have, therefore, mentioned some of the devices based on the materials used instead of categorising them as per modification techniques. 3D printing helps in the design of sophisticated shapes and structures using multiple materials. They can, therefore be used even in the design of microfluidic devices that are very useful for biosensing. We have also mentioned a few materials for printing microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridupaban Deka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Nibedita Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Rajkamal Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Nihal Kumar Hazarika
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Hrishikesh Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Bethuel Daurai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Manashjit Gogoi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
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Bai H, Wang Y, Li X, Guo J. Electrochemical nucleic acid sensors: Competent pathways for mobile molecular diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115407. [PMID: 37295136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical nucleic acid biosensor has demonstrated great promise in clinical diagnostic tests, mainly because of its flexibility, high efficiency, low cost, and easy integration for analytical applications. Numerous nucleic acid hybridization-based strategies have been developed for the design and construction of novel electrochemical biosensors for diagnosing genetic-related diseases. This review describes the advances, challenges, and prospects of electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors for mobile molecular diagnosis. Specifically, the basic principles, sensing elements, applications in diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases, integration with microfluidic technology and commercialization are mainly included in this review, aiming to provide new insights and directions for the future development of electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Koukouviti E, Plessas AK, Pagkali V, Economou A, Papaefstathiou GS, Kokkinos C. 3D-printed electrochemical glucose device with integrated Fe(II)-MOF nanozyme. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:274. [PMID: 37354230 PMCID: PMC10290614 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of glucose (GLU) levels in the human organism is very important in the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes. Scientific advances in nanomaterials have led to the construction of new generations of enzymatic-free GLU sensors. In this work, an innovative 3D-printed device modified with a water-stable and non-toxic metal-organic framework of iron (Fe(II)-MOF), which serves as a nanozyme, has been developed for the voltammetric determination of GLU in artificial sweat. In contrast to existing MOF-based GLU sensors which exhibit electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of GLU in alkaline media, the nanozyme Fe(II)-MOF/3D-printed device can operate in the acidic epidermal sweat environment. The enzymatic-free GLU sensor is composed of a 3-electrode 3D-printed device with the MOF nanozyme immobilized on the surface of the working electrode. GLU sensing is conducted by differential pulse voltammetry without interference from other co-existing metabolites in artificial sweat. The response is based on the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone, induced by the redox activity of the Fe-centers of the MOF. GLU gives rise to an easily detectable and well-defined voltammetric peak at about - 1.2 V and the limit of detection is 17.6 μmol L-1. The synergy of a nanozyme with 3D printing technology results in an advanced, sensitive, and low-cost sensor, paving the way for on-skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Koukouviti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios K Plessas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Varvara Pagkali
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Economou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Giannis S Papaefstathiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kokkinos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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Wang L, Li M, Li B, Wang M, Zhao H, Zhao F. Electrochemical Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene for Carbendazim Detection in Water. Foods 2023; 12:2277. [PMID: 37372489 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ) abuse can lead to pesticide residues, which may threaten the environment and human health. In this paper, a portable three-electrode sensor based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) was proposed for the electrochemical detection of CBZ. Compared with the traditional preparation method of graphene, LIG is prepared by exposing the polyimide film to a laser, which is easily produced and patterned. To enhance the sensitivity, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were electrodeposited on the surface of LIG. Under optimal conditions, our prepared sensor (LIG/Pt) has a good linear relationship with CBZ concentration in the range of 1-40 μM, with a low detection limit of 0.67 μM. Further, the sensor shows good recovery rates for the detection of CBZ in wastewater, which provides a fast and reliable method for real-time analysis of CBZ residues in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fengnian Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Calabria D, Lazzarini E, Pace A, Trozzi I, Zangheri M, Cinti S, Difonzo M, Valenti G, Guardigli M, Paolucci F, Mirasoli M. Smartphone-based 3D-printed electrochemiluminescence enzyme biosensor for reagentless glucose quantification in real matrices. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115146. [PMID: 36821991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printed electrochemical devices are increasingly used in point-of-need and point-of-care testing. They show several advantages such as simple fabrication, low cost, fast response, and excellent selectivity and sensitivity in small sample volumes. However, there are only a few examples of analytical devices combining 3D-printed electrodes with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection, an electrochemical detection principle widely employed in clinical chemistry analysis. Herein, a portable, 3D-printed miniaturized ECL biosensor for glucose detection has been developed, based on the luminol/H2O2 ECL system and employing a two-electrode configuration with carbon black-doped polylactic acid (PLA) electrodes. The ECL emission is obtained by means of a 1.5V AA alkaline battery and detected using a smartphone camera, thus providing easy portability of the analytical platform. The ECL system was successfully applied for sensing H2O2 and, upon coupling the luminol/H2O2 system with the enzyme glucose oxidase, for glucose detection. The incorporation of luminol and glucose oxidase in an agarose hydrogel matrix allowed to produce ECL devices preloaded with the reagents required for the assay, so that the analysis only required sample addition. The ECL biosensor showed an excellent ability to detect glucose up to 5 mmol L-1, with a limit of detection of 60 μmol L-1. The biosensor was also used to analyse real samples (i.e., glucose saline solutions and artificial serum samples) with satisfactory results, thus suggesting its suitability for point-of-care analysis. Coupling with other oxidases could further extend the applicability of this analytical platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - Elisa Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research (CIRI AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, I-47521, Cesena, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (CIRI MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131, Naples, Italy; BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Difonzo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121, Forlì, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121, Forlì, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy.
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de Matos Morawski F, Martins G, Ramos MK, Zarbin AJ, Blanes L, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH. A versatile 3D printed multi-electrode cell for determination of three COVID-19 biomarkers. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1258:341169. [PMID: 37087292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
3D-printing has shown an outstanding performance for the production of versatile electrochemical devices. However, there is a lack of studies in the field of 3D-printed miniaturized settings for multiplex biosensing. In this work, we propose a fully 3D-printed micro-volume cell containing six working electrodes (WEs) that operates with 250 μL of sample. A polylactic acid/carbon black conductive filament (PLA/CB) was used to print the WEs and subsequently modified with graphene oxide (GO), to support protein binding. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of the novel multi-electrode cell. In the presence of K₃[Fe(CN)₆], PLA/CB/GO showed adequate peak resolution for subsequent label-free immunosensing. The innovative 3D-printed cell was applied for multiplex voltammetric detection of three COVID-19 biomarkers as a proof-of-concept. The multiple sensors showed a wide linear range with detection limits of 5, 1 and 1 pg mL-1 for N-protein, SRBD-protein, and anti-SRBD, respectively. The sensor performance enabled the selective sequential detection of N protein, SRBD protein, and anti-SRBD at biological levels in saliva and serum. In summary, the miniaturized six-electrode cell presents an alternative for the low-cost and fast production of customizable devices for multi-target sensing with promising application in the development of point-of-care sensors.
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Erdem A, Yildiz E, Senturk H, Maral M. Implementation of 3D printing technologies to electrochemical and optical biosensors developed for biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 230:115385. [PMID: 37054602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been applied in many areas. In recent years, new generation biosensorshave been emerged with the progress on 3D printing technology (3DPT) . Especially in the development of optical and electrochemical biosensors, 3DPT provides many advantages such as low cost, easy to manufacturing, being disposable and allow point of care testing. In this review, recent trends in the development of 3DPT based electrochemical and optical biosensors with their applications in the field of biomedical and pharmaceutical are examined. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages and future opportunities of 3DPT are discussed.
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