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Pham TT, Le TK, Huyen NTT, Luyen Van N, Nguy TP, Tran DL, Truong T N L. Staining-Enhanced Peroxidase-Mimicking Gold Nanoparticles in Nano-ELISA for Highly Sensitive Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49211-49217. [PMID: 38162724 PMCID: PMC10753563 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium, mainly found in the hospital environment and medical tools. It is the leading cause of nosocomial infection, characterized by bloodstream infection, wound site infection, urinary tract infection, and sepsis, mostly in older adults, newborn infants, and immunocompromised patients. This present study demonstrated a novel diagnostic method for K. pneumoniae detection based on the gold nanozyme activity for the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. The nanozyme activity of AuNPs with staining enhancement was statistically three times higher than that of the bare AuNPs in solid absorption at 650 nm. Nano-ELISA with staining enhancement could detect as low as 102 CFUs/mL of K. pneumoniae concentration, as the cutoff value was determined to be 0.158, which boosted the sensitivity of the immunoreactions by up to 100-fold. The detection limit of our assays was 26.023 CFUs/mL, and the limit of quantification was 78.857 CFUs/mL. There was no cross-reaction against other bacteria, which proved the immunoassays' remarkable specificity for recognizing K. pneumoniae. Taken together, we successfully developed and optimized the highly sensitive and decently specific nano-ELISA strategy that might be applicable for detecting various other bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thao Pham
- Graduate
University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology, 18 Hoang
Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Vietnam-Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Hoa Lac Hi-Tech Park, Research and Development Zone, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thien-Kim Le
- Vietnam-Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Hoa Lac Hi-Tech Park, Research and Development Zone, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T. T. Huyen
- Vietnam-Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Hoa Lac Hi-Tech Park, Research and Development Zone, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nam Luyen Van
- Vietnam-Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Hoa Lac Hi-Tech Park, Research and Development Zone, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tin Phan Nguy
- Vietnam-Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Hoa Lac Hi-Tech Park, Research and Development Zone, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- School
of Engineering Physics, Hanoi University
of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dai Lam Tran
- Institute
of Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay
District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lien Truong T N
- Vietnam-Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Hoa Lac Hi-Tech Park, Research and Development Zone, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Panferov VG, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Post-Assay Chemical Enhancement for Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassays: A Critical Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:866. [PMID: 37754100 PMCID: PMC10526817 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has found a broad application for testing in point-of-care (POC) settings. LFIA is performed using test strips-fully integrated multimembrane assemblies containing all reagents for assay performance. Migration of liquid sample along the test strip initiates the formation of labeled immunocomplexes, which are detected visually or instrumentally. The tradeoff of LFIA's rapidity and user-friendliness is its relatively low sensitivity (high limit of detection), which restricts its applicability for detecting low-abundant targets. An increase in LFIA's sensitivity has attracted many efforts and is often considered one of the primary directions in developing immunochemical POC assays. Post-assay enhancements based on chemical reactions facilitate high sensitivity. In this critical review, we explain the performance of post-assay chemical enhancements, discuss their advantages, limitations, compared limit of detection (LOD) improvements, and required time for the enhancement procedures. We raise concerns about the performance of enhanced LFIA and discuss the bottlenecks in the existing experiments. Finally, we suggest the experimental workflow for step-by-step development and validation of enhanced LFIA. This review summarizes the state-of-art of LFIA with chemical enhancement, offers ways to overcome existing limitations, and discusses future outlooks for highly sensitive testing in POC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily G. Panferov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.P.); (A.V.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Anatoly V. Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.P.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.P.); (A.V.Z.)
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