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Cantor E, Meyer A, Morris SM, Weisenberg JLZ, Brossier NM. Dose-dependent seizure control with MEK inhibitor therapy for progressive glioma in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:2245-2249. [PMID: 35648241 PMCID: PMC9617819 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) occurring in children can result in many different neurologic complications, including seizures. MEK inhibitors are increasingly being used to treat LGG, but their effect on associated neurologic symptoms has not been established. RESULTS Here, we report a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), medically refractory epilepsy (MRE), and an extensive optic pathway glioma (OPG) who developed dose-dependent seizure control while being treated with selumetinib. Seizure frequency rebounded after dose reduction for cardiac toxicity, then improved, and finally ceased after restarting full dosing, allowing confidence in the cause of improvement. CONCLUSION Selumetinib may have promise in epilepsy management in other children with NF1 or LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Cantor
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8208, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ashley Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8208, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie M Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Judith L Z Weisenberg
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Nicole M Brossier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8208, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Kulikov AA, Naumova AA, Aleksandrova EP, Glazova MV, Chernigovskaya EV. Audiogenic kindling stimulates aberrant neurogenesis, synaptopodin expression, and mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus of rats genetically prone to audiogenic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 125:108445. [PMID: 34837844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with considerable structural changes in the hippocampus. Pharmacological and electrical models of temporal lobe epilepsy in animals strongly suggest that hippocampal reorganization is based on seizure-stimulated aberrant neurogenesis but the data are often controversial and hard to interpret. The aim of the present study was to estimate neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling in the hippocampus of Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rats genetically prone to audiogenic seizures (AGS). In our experiments we exposed KM rats to audiogenic kindling of different durations (4, 14, and 21 AGS) to model different stages of epilepsy development. Naïve KM rats were used as a control. Our results showed that even 4 AGS stimulated proliferation in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) accompanied with increase in number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature granular cells. Elevated number of proliferating cells was also observed in the hilus indicating the enhancement of abnormal migration of neural progenitors. In contrast to the DG, all DCX-positive cells in the hilus expressed VGLUT1/2 and their number was increased indicating that seizure activity accelerates glutamatergic differentiation of ectopic hilar cells. 14-day kindling further stimulated proliferation, abnormal migration, and glutamatergic differentiation of new neurons both in the DG granular and subgranular layers and in the hilus. However, after 21 AGS increased proliferation was observed only in the DG, while the numbers of immature neurons expressed VGLUT1/2 were still enhanced in both hippocampal areas. Audiogenic kindling also stimulated sprouting of mossy fibers and enhanced expression of synaptopodin in the hippocampus indicating generation of new synaptic contacts between granular cells, mossy cells, and CA3 pyramid neurons. Thus, our data suggest that epilepsy progression is associated with exacerbation of aberrant neurogenesis and reorganization of hippocampal neural circuits that contribute to the enhancement and spreading of epileptiform activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Kulikov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Naumova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Aleksandrova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita V Glazova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elena V Chernigovskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Dos Santos RR, Bernardino TC, da Silva MCM, de Oliveira ACP, Drumond LE, Rosa DV, Massensini AR, Moraes MFD, Doretto MC, Romano-Silva MA, Reis HJ. Neurochemical abnormalities in the hippocampus of male rats displaying audiogenic seizures, a genetic model of epilepsy. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136123. [PMID: 34293418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that affects 1% of the population. However, the neurochemical alterations observed in epilepsy are not fully understood. There are different animal models of epilepsy, such as genetic or drug induced. In the present study, we utilize Wistar Audiogenic Rats (WAR), a murine strain that develops seizures in response to high intensity audio stimulation, in order to investigate abnormalities in glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. METHODS Synaptosomes and glial plasmalemmal vesicles were prepared from hippocampus and cortex, respectively. Glutamate and GABA release and uptake were assayed by monitoring the fluorescence and using L-[3H]-radiolabeled compounds. Glutamate and calcium concentration in the synaptosomes were also measured. The expression of neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) was determined by western blot. RESULTS Glutamate and GABA release evoked by KCl was decreased in WAR compared to control Wistar rats. Calcium independent release was not considerably different in both groups. The total amount of glutamate of synaptosomes, as well as glutamate uptake by synaptosomes and GPV were also decreased in WAR in comparison with the controls. In addition, [Ca2+]i of hippocampal synaptosomes, as well as NCS-1 expression in the hippocampus, were increased in WAR in comparison with controls. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that WAR have important alterations in the glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways, as well as an increased expression of NCS-1 in the hippocampus and inferior colliculus. These alterations may be linked to the spreading of hyperexcitability and recruitment of various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Alfredo Balena 190, CEP 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Túlio C Bernardino
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Machado da Silva
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio C P de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana E Drumond
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela V Rosa
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Alfredo Balena 190, CEP 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André R Massensini
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio F D Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria C Doretto
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco A Romano-Silva
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Alfredo Balena 190, CEP 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helton J Reis
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 30190-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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