1
|
Ninenko I, Kleeva DF, Bukreev N, Lebedev MA. An experimental paradigm for studying EEG correlates of olfactory discrimination. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1117801. [PMID: 37305363 PMCID: PMC10248234 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of olfaction are of fundamental and practical interest for many reasons. In the field of neural technologies, olfactory-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) represent an approach that could be useful for neurorehabilitation of anosmia, dysosmia and hyposmia. While the idea of a BCI that decodes neural responses to different odors and/or enables odor-based neurofeedback is appealing, the results of previous EEG investigations into the olfactory domain are rather inconsistent, particularly when non-primary processing of olfactory signals is concerned. Here we developed an experimental paradigm where EEG recordings are conducted while a participant executes an olfaction-based instructed-delay task. We utilized an olfactory display and a sensor of respiration to deliver odors in a strictly controlled fashion. We showed that with this approach spatial and spectral EEG properties could be analyzed to assess neural processing of olfactory stimuli and their conversion into a motor response. We conclude that EEG recordings are suitable for detecting active processing of odors. As such they could be integrated in a BCI that strives to rehabilitate olfactory disabilities or uses odors for hedonistic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ninenko
- Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria F. Kleeva
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mikhail A. Lebedev
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baus O, Bouchard S, Nolet K, Berthiaume M. In a dirty virtual room: exposure to an unpleasant odor increases the senses of presence, reality, and realism. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2115690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baus
- University of Ottawa, School of Psychology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Université du Québec en Outaouais, Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Nolet
- Université du Québec en Outaouais, Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
López-Ojeda W, Hurley RA. Extended Reality Technologies: Expanding Therapeutic Approaches for PTSD. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 34:A4-5. [PMID: 35113666 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo López-Ojeda
- The Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (López-Ojeda); the Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hurley); and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
| | - Robin A Hurley
- The Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (López-Ojeda); the Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hurley); and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cortese BM, Uhde TW, Schumann AY, McTeague LM, Sege CT, Calhoun CD, Danielson CK. Anxiety-related shifts in smell function in children and adolescents. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6484889. [PMID: 34958383 PMCID: PMC8711292 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxious adults show changes in smell function that are consistent with a durable shift in sensitivity toward particular odorants and away from others. Little is known regarding the development of these changes, including whether they exist in youth, are stable during the transition from childhood to adolescence, and whether odorant properties (e.g. trigeminal features, hedonic valence) affect anxiety-related differences in detection. To address this, we measured smell detection thresholds to phenyl ethyl alanine (PEA), a rose-like odorant with little trigeminal properties, and guaiacol (GUA), a smoke-like odorant with high trigeminal properties. These thresholds were measured at baseline and after an acute stress challenge, the Trier Social Stress Tests, in 131 healthy youth (in 4th, 7th, and 10th grades, age 9-16 years) that reported normal to elevated levels of anxiety. At baseline, high anxious youth exhibited heightened sensitivity to GUA coupled with reduced sensitivity to PEA, as well as a further exaggeration of this bias with acute stress. Importantly, sex, age, and hedonic valence moderated the relationship between trait anxiety and sensitivity to both odorants. Smell function and its aberrations are often overlooked in the literature on biomarkers of stress and anxiety. Taken together with the extant literature, these findings suggest that greater attention is warranted to characterize potential novel olfactory therapeutic targets-across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette M Cortese
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA,Corresponding author: Bernadette M. Cortese, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, BA 504F, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. e-mail:
| | - Thomas W Uhde
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Aicko Y Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lisa M McTeague
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christopher T Sege
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Casey D Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feitosa JA, Fernandes CA, Casseb RF, Castellano G. Effects of virtual reality-based motor rehabilitation: a systematic review of fMRI studies. J Neural Eng 2021; 19. [PMID: 34933281 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac456e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of virtual reality (VR) as a rehabilitation tool has been shown to induce motor and cognitive improvements in different populations. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to investigate neuroplasticity resulting from these treatments. We hypothesize that VR rehabilitation induces functional improvement and brain changes that can be detected by fMRI. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the effects of VR intervention on the cortical reorganization measured by fMRI and associated with functional improvement. METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies published between 2005 and 2021. Papers were retrieved from six databases using the following keywords: "motor rehabilitation", "fMRI" and "virtual reality". Case studies, pre-post studies, cross-sectional studies, and randomized controlled trials published were included. Manuscripts were assessed by The NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools to determine their quality. RESULTS Twenty-three articles met our eligibility criteria: 18 about VR rehabilitation in stroke and five on other clinical conditions (older adults, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson's disease). Changes in neural patterns of activation and reorganization were revealed in both the ipsilesional and the contralesional hemispheres. Results were located mainly in the primary motor cortex, sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor area in post-stroke patients in the acute, subacute, and chronic rehabilitation phases, and were associated with functional improvement after VR intervention. Similar effects were observed in older adults and in patients with other neurological diseases with improved performance. CONCLUSION Most stroke-related studies showed either restoration to normal or increase of activation patterns or relateralization at/to the ipsilesional hemisphere, with some also reporting a decrease in activity or extent of activation after VR therapy. In general, VR intervention demonstrated evidence of efficacy both in neurological rehabilitation and in performance improvement of older adults, accompanied by fMRI evidence of brain reorganization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamille A Feitosa
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, nº 777, Campinas, SP, 13083-872, BRAZIL
| | - Corina A Fernandes
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, nº 777, Campinas, SP, 13083-872, BRAZIL
| | - Raphael F Casseb
- University of Campinas, Neuroimaging Laboratory - Rua Vital Brasil, 251, Cidade Universitaria "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, Brazil, Campinas, 13083-888, BRAZIL
| | - Gabriela Castellano
- Department of Cosmic Rays and Chronology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, nº 777, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, BRAZIL
| |
Collapse
|