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Sharma H, Koirala S, Chew YL, Konopka A. DNA Damage and Chromatin Rearrangement Work Together to Promote Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04331-0. [PMID: 38977621 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have a complex origin and are composed of genetic and environmental factors. Both DNA damage and chromatin rearrangement are important processes that occur under pathological conditions and in neurons functioning properly. While numerous studies have demonstrated the inseparable relationship between DNA damage and chromatin organization, understanding of this relationship, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, requires further study. Interestingly, recent studies revealed that known hallmark proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases function in both DNA damage and chromatin reorganization, and this review discusses the current knowledge of this relationship. This review focused on hallmark proteins involved in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as the microtubule-associated protein tau, TAR DNA/RNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), fused in sarcoma (FUS), huntingtin (HTT), α-synuclein, and β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Hence, DNA damage and chromatin rearrangement are associated with disease mechanisms in distinct neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting common modulators of DNA repair and chromatin reorganization may lead to promising therapies for treating neurodegeneration.
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Svikle Z, Paramonova N, Siliņš E, Pahirko L, Zariņa L, Baumane K, Petrovski G, Sokolovska J. DNA Methylation Profiles of PSMA6, PSMB5, KEAP1, and HIF1A Genes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1354. [PMID: 38927561 PMCID: PMC11202151 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We explored differences in the DNA methylation statuses of PSMA6, PSMB5, HIF1A, and KEAP1 gene promoter regions in patients with type 1 diabetes and different diabetic retinopathy (DR) stages. Study subjects included individuals with no DR (NDR, n = 41), those with non-proliferative DR (NPDR, n = 27), and individuals with proliferative DR or those who underwent laser photocoagulation (PDR/LPC, n = 46). DNA methylation was determined by Zymo OneStep qMethyl technique. The methylation of PSMA6 (NDR 5.9 (3.9-8.7) %, NPDR 4.5 (3.8-5.7) %, PDR/LPC 6.6 (4.7-10.7) %, p = 0.003) and PSMB5 (NDR 2.2 (1.9-3.7) %, NPDR 2.2 (1.9-3.0) %, PDR/LPC 3.2 (2.5-7.1) %, p < 0.01) differed across the groups. Consistent correlations were observed between the methylation levels of HIF1A and PSMA6 in all study groups. DNA methylation levels of PSMA6, PSMB5, and HIF1A genes were positively correlated with the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and albuminuria in certain study groups. Univariate regression models revealed a significant association between the methylation level z-scores of PSMA6, PSMB5, and HIF1A and severe DR (PSMA6: OR = 1.96 (1.15; 3.33), p = 0.013; PSMB5: OR = 1.90 (1.14; 3.16), p = 0.013; HIF1A: OR = 3.19 (1.26; 8.06), p = 0.014). PSMB5 remained significantly associated with DR in multivariate analysis. Our findings suggest significant associations between the severity of DR and the DNA methylation levels of the genes PSMA6, PSMB5, and HIF1A, but not KEAP1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Svikle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia; (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (K.B.)
| | - Natalia Paramonova
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Emīls Siliņš
- Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia; (E.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonora Pahirko
- Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia; (E.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Līga Zariņa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia; (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (K.B.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Riga East University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV 1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristīne Baumane
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia; (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (K.B.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Riga East University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV 1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center of Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Jelizaveta Sokolovska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia; (Z.S.); (L.Z.); (K.B.)
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Masato A, Bubacco L. The αSynuclein half-life conundrum. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106524. [PMID: 38705490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
αSynuclein (αSyn) misfolding and aggregation frequently precedes neuronal loss associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and other Synucleinopathies. The progressive buildup of pathological αSyn species results from alterations on αSyn gene and protein sequence, increased local concentrations, variations in αSyn interactome and protein network. Therefore, under physiological conditions, it is mandatory to regulate αSyn proteostasis as an equilibrium among synthesis, trafficking, degradation and extracellular release. In this frame, a crucial parameter is protein half-life. It provides indications of the turnover of a specific protein and depends on mRNA synthesis and translation regulation, subcellular localization, function and clearance by the designated degradative pathways. For αSyn, the molecular mechanisms regulating its proteostasis in neurons have been extensively investigated in various cellular models, either using biochemical or imaging approaches. Nevertheless, a converging estimate of αSyn half-life has not emerged yet. Here, we discuss the challenges in studying αSyn proteostasis under physiological and pathological conditions, the advantages and disadvantages of the experimental strategies proposed so far, and the relevance of determining αSyn half-life from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masato
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Di Martino P, Marcozzi V, Bibbò S, Ghinassi B, Di Baldassarre A, Gaggi G, Di Credico A. Unraveling the Epigenetic Landscape: Insights into Parkinson's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2024; 14:553. [PMID: 38928553 PMCID: PMC11202179 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are examples of neurodegenerative movement disorders (NMDs), which are defined by a gradual loss of motor function that is frequently accompanied by cognitive decline. Although genetic abnormalities have long been acknowledged as significant factors, new research indicates that epigenetic alterations are crucial for the initiation and development of disease. This review delves into the complex interactions that exist between the pathophysiology of NMDs and epigenetic mechanisms such DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Here, we examine how these epigenetic changes could affect protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, and gene expression patterns, thereby influencing the viability and functionality of neurons. Through the clarification of the epigenetic terrain underpinning neurodegenerative movement disorders, this review seeks to enhance comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of the illness and augment the creation of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Di Martino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.M.); (V.M.); (S.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valentina Marcozzi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.M.); (V.M.); (S.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Sandra Bibbò
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.M.); (V.M.); (S.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.C.)
- Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Lab, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.M.); (V.M.); (S.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.C.)
- Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Lab, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- UdA-Tech Lab, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.M.); (V.M.); (S.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.C.)
- Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Lab, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- UdA-Tech Lab, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gaggi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.M.); (V.M.); (S.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.C.)
- Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Lab, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- UdA-Tech Lab, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Credico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.M.); (V.M.); (S.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.C.)
- Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Lab, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- UdA-Tech Lab, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Nakamura T, Sugeno N, Hasegawa T, Ikeda K, Yoshida S, Ishiyama S, Sato K, Takeda A, Aoki M. Alpha-synuclein promotes PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s histone methylation by interacting with the BAF complex. FEBS J 2024; 291:1892-1908. [PMID: 38105619 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) is a key molecule in the pathomechanism of Parkinson's disease. Most studies on αS to date have focused on its function in the neuronal cytosol, but its action in the nucleus has also been postulated. Indeed, several lines of evidence indicate that overexpressed αS leads to epigenomic alterations. To clarify the functional role of αS in the nucleus and its pathological significance, HEK293 cells constitutively expressing αS were used to screen for nuclear proteins that interact with αS by nanoscale liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Interactome analysis of the 229 identified nuclear proteins revealed that αS interacts with the BRG1-associated factor (BAF) complex, a family of multi-subunit chromatin remodelers important for neurodevelopment, and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). Subsequent transcriptomic analysis also suggested a functional link between αS and the BAF complex. Based on these results, we analyzed the effect of αS overexpression on the BAF complex in neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and found that induction of αS disturbed the BAF maturation process, leading to a global increase in symmetric demethylation of histone H4 on arginine 3 (H4R3me2s) via enhanced BAF-PRMT5 interaction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing confirmed accumulated H4R3me2s methylation near the transcription start site of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NRCAM) gene, which has roles during neuronal differentiation. Transcriptional analyses confirmed the negative regulation of NRCAM by αS and PRMT5, which was reconfirmed by multiple datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Taken together, these findings suggest that the enhanced binding of αS to the BAF complex and PRMT5 may cooperatively affect the neuronal differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Nakamura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Miyagi National Hospital, Watari, Japan
| | - Naoto Sugeno
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kensho Ikeda
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Japan
| | - Shun Ishiyama
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Surguchov A, Surguchev AA. Association between Parkinson's Disease and Cancer: New Findings and Possible Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3899. [PMID: 38612708 PMCID: PMC11011322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence points to an inverse association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and almost all cancers except melanoma, for which this association is positive. The results of multiple studies have demonstrated that patients with PD are at reduced risk for the majority of neoplasms. Several potential biological explanations exist for the inverse relationship between cancer and PD. Recent results identified several PD-associated proteins and factors mediating cancer development and cancer-associated factors affecting PD. Accumulating data point to the role of genetic traits, members of the synuclein family, neurotrophic factors, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, circulating melatonin, and transcription factors as mediators. Here, we present recent data about shared pathogenetic factors and mediators that might be involved in the association between these two diseases. We discuss how these factors, individually or in combination, may be involved in pathology, serve as links between PD and cancer, and affect the prevalence of these disorders. Identification of these factors and investigation of their mechanisms of action would lead to the discovery of new targets for the treatment of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Surguchov
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Alexei A Surguchev
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Gajendran N, Rajasekaran S, Witt SN. Knocking out alpha-synuclein in melanoma cells downregulates L1CAM and decreases motility. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9243. [PMID: 37286800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Parkinson's disease (PD) associated protein, alpha-synuclein (α-syn/SNCA), is highly expressed in aggressive melanomas. The goal of this study was to reveal possible mechanism(s) of α-syn involvement in melanoma pathogenesis. Herein, we asked whether α-syn modulates the expression of the pro-oncogenic adhesion molecules L1CAM and N-cadherin. We used two human melanoma cell lines (SK-MEL-28, SK-MEL-29), SNCA-knockout (KO) clones, and two human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. In the melanoma lines, loss of α-syn expression resulted in significant decreases in the expression of L1CAM and N-cadherin and concomitant significant decreases in motility. On average, there was a 75% reduction in motility in the four SNCA-KOs tested compared to control cells. Strikingly, comparing neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells that have no detectable α-syn to SH-SY5Y cells that stably express α-syn (SH/+αS), we found that expressing α-syn increased L1CAM and single-cell motility by 54% and 597%, respectively. The reduction in L1CAM level in SNCA-KO clones was not due to a transcriptional effect, rather we found that L1CAM is more efficiently degraded in the lysosome in SNCA-KO clones than in control cells. We propose that α-syn is pro-survival to melanoma (and possibly neuroblastoma) because it promotes the intracellular trafficking of L1CAM to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Gajendran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Santhanasabapathy Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Stephan N Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, USA.
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Bryzgalov LO, Korbolina EE, Merkulova TI. Exploring the Genetic Predisposition to Epigenetic Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097955. [PMID: 37175659 PMCID: PMC10177989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent type of dementia in elderly populations with a significant genetic component. The accumulating evidence suggests that AD involves a reconfiguration of the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histone proteins, and chromatin remodeling. Along with environmental factors, individual specific genetic features play a considerable role in the formation of epigenetic architecture. In this study, we attempt to identify the non-coding regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) able to affect the epigenetic mechanisms in AD. To this end, the multi-omics approach is used. The GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) available data (GSE153875) for AD patients and controls are integrated to reveal the rSNPs that display allele-specific features in both ChIP-seq profiles of four histone modifications and RNA-seq. Furthermore, we analyze the presence of rSNPs in the promoters of genes reported to be differentially expressed between AD and the normal brain (AD-related genes) and involved in epigenetic regulation according to the EpiFactors database. We also searched for the rSNPs in the promoters of the genes coding for transcription regulators of the identified AD-related genes. These regulators were selected based on the corresponding ChIP-seq peaks (ENCODE) in the promoter regions of these genes. Finally, we formed a panel of rSNPs localized to the promoters of genes that contribute to the epigenetic landscape in AD and, thus, to the genetic predisposition for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid O Bryzgalov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentyeva Prospekt, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Vector-Best, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena E Korbolina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentyeva Prospekt, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Merkulova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentyeva Prospekt, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Wang L, Liu L, Han C, Jiang H, Ma K, Guo S, Xia Y, Wan F, Huang J, Xiong N, Wang T. Histone Deacetylase 4 Inhibition Reduces Rotenone-Induced Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation via Autophagy in SH-SY5Y Cells. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040670. [PMID: 37190635 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder. Imbalanced protein homeostasis and α-syn aggregation are involved in PD pathogenesis. Autophagy is related to the occurrence and development of PD and can be regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Various inhibitors of HDACs exert neuroprotective effects within in vitro and in vivo models of PD. HDAC4, a class Ⅱ HDAC, colocalizes with α-synuclein and ubiquitin in Lewy bodies and also accumulates in the nuclei of dopaminergic neurons in PD models. (2) Methods: In the present study, the gene expression profile of HDACs from two previously reported datasets in the GEO database was analyzed, and the RNA levels of HDAC4 in brain tissues were compared between PD patients and healthy controls. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells transfected with HDAC4 shRNA or pretreated with mc1568 were treated with 1 μM of rotenone for 24 h. Then, the levels of α-syn, LC3, and p62 were detected using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining, and cell viabilities were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). (3) Results: HDAC4 was highly expressed in PD substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. Mc1568, an inhibitor of HDAC4, decreased α-synuclein levels in rotenone-treated SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner and activated autophagy, which was impaired by rotenone. The knockdown of HDAC4 reversed rotenone-induced α-syn accumulation in SH-SY5Y cells and protected the neurons by enhancing autophagy. (4) Conclusions: HDAC4 is a potential therapeutic target for PD. The inhibition of HDAC4 by mc1568 or a gene block can reduce α-syn levels by regulating the autophagy process in PD. Mc1568 is a promising therapeutic agent for PD and other disorders related to α-syn accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shiyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Sugeno N, Hasegawa T. Unraveling the Complex Interplay between Alpha-Synuclein and Epigenetic Modification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076645. [PMID: 37047616 PMCID: PMC10094812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αS) is a small, presynaptic neuronal protein encoded by the SNCA gene. Point mutations and gene multiplication of SNCA cause rare familial forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Misfolded αS is cytotoxic and is a component of Lewy bodies, which are a pathological hallmark of PD. Because SNCA multiplication is sufficient to cause full-blown PD, gene dosage likely has a strong impact on pathogenesis. In sporadic PD, increased SNCA expression resulting from a minor genetic background and various environmental factors may contribute to pathogenesis in a complementary manner. With respect to genetic background, several risk loci neighboring the SNCA gene have been identified, and epigenetic alterations, such as CpG methylation and regulatory histone marks, are considered important factors. These alterations synergistically upregulate αS expression and some post-translational modifications of αS facilitate its translocation to the nucleus. Nuclear αS interacts with DNA, histones, and their modifiers to alter epigenetic status; thereby, influencing the stability of neuronal function. Epigenetic changes do not affect the gene itself but can provide an appropriate transcriptional response for neuronal survival through DNA methylation or histone modifications. As a new approach, publicly available RNA sequencing datasets from human midbrain-like organoids may be used to compare transcriptional responses through epigenetic alterations. This informatic approach combined with the vast amount of transcriptomics data will lead to the discovery of novel pathways for the development of disease-modifying therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Sugeno
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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