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Funaro A, Nakagawa T, Ishihara K. Editorial: Revisiting immunological roles for bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1; an entero-neuro-immune regulator. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239546. [PMID: 37441068 PMCID: PMC10335351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Funaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Design for Medical and Health Care, Faculty of Health and Welfare Services Administration, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, Japan
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2
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Yokoyama S. Genetic polymorphisms of bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1/CD157): implications for immune/inflammatory dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197265. [PMID: 37313401 PMCID: PMC10258321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1/CD157) is an immune/inflammatory regulator that functions as both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-metabolizing ectoenzyme and cell-surface signaling receptor. BST-1/CD157 is expressed not only in peripheral tissues, but in the central nervous system (CNS). Although its pathophysiological significance in the CNS is still unclear, clinical genetic studies over a decade have begun revealing relationships between BST-1/CD157 and neuropsychiatric diseases including Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorders, sleep disorders, depressive disorders and restless leg syndrome. This review summarizes the accumulating evidence for the involvement of BST-1/CD157 in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yokoyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Socio-Cognitive-Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
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Gerasimenko M, Higashida H. Remission of social behavior impairment by oral administration of a precursor of NAD in CD157, but not in CD38, knockout mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166609. [PMID: 37215105 PMCID: PMC10192747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a substrate of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyl cyclase and is catalyzed to cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) by CD38 and/or CD157. cADPR, a Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger, is critical in releasing oxytocin from the hypothalamus into the brain. Although NAD precursors effectively play a role in neurodegenerative disorders, muscular dystrophy, and senescence, the beneficial effects of elevating NAD by NAD precursor supplementation on brain function, especially social interaction, and whether CD38 is required in this response, has not been intensely studied. Here, we report that oral gavage administration of nicotinamide riboside, a perspective NAD precursor with high bioavailability, for 12 days did not show any suppressive or increasing effects on sociability (mouse's interest in social targets compared to non-social targets) in both CD157KO and CD38KO male mice models in a three-chamber test. CD157KO and CD38KO mice displayed no social preference (that is, more interest towards a novel mouse than a familiar one) behavior. This defect was rescued after oral gavage administration of nicotinamide riboside for 12 days in CD157KO mice, but not in CD38KO mice. Social memory was not observed in CD157KO and CD38KO mice; subsequently, nicotinamide riboside administration had no effect on social memory. Together with the results that nicotinamide riboside had essentially no or little effect on body weight during treatment in CD157KO mice, nicotinamide riboside is less harmful and has beneficial effect on defects in recovery from social behavioral, for which CD38 is required in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gerasimenko
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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4
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Mai AS, Yau CE, Tseng FS, Foo QXJ, Wang DQ, Tan EK. Linking autism spectrum disorders and parkinsonism: clinical and genetic association. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:484-496. [PMID: 36738194 PMCID: PMC10109258 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) comprise many complex and clinically distinct neurodevelopmental conditions, with increasing evidence linking them to parkinsonism. METHODS We searched Medline and Embase from inception to 21 March 2022 and reviewed the bibliographies of relevant articles. Studies were screened and reviewed comprehensively by two independent authors. RESULTS Of 863 references from our search, we included eight clinical studies, nine genetic studies, and five case reports. Regardless of age group, Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes were more frequently observed in patients with ASD, though the evidence for increased rates of parkinsonism is less clear for children and adolescents. Parkinsonian features and hypokinetic behavior were common in Rett syndrome, with prevalence estimates ranging from 40% to 80%. Frequently observed parkinsonian features include bradykinesia, rigidity, hypomimia, and gait freezing. PD gene PARK2 copy number variations appear more frequently in ASD cases than controls. Evidence suggests that RIT2 and CD157/BST1 are implicated in ASD and PD, while the evidence for other PD-related genes (DRD2, GPCR37, the SLC gene family, and SMPD1) is less clear. Rare mutations, such as ATP13A2, CLN3, and WDR45, could result in autistic behavior and concomitant parkinsonism. CONCLUSION The prevalence of parkinsonism in ASD is substantially greater than in the general population or matched controls. Various PD-associated gene loci, especially PARK2, could confer susceptibility to ASD as well. Important future directions include conducting prospective cohort studies to understand how parkinsonian symptoms may progress, genetic studies to reveal relevant gene loci, and pathophysiologic studies to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Shengting Mai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun En Yau
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fan Shuen Tseng
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Xuan Joel Foo
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dennis Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Wang LJ, Huang YC, Lin PY, Lee Y, Hung CF, Hsu ST, Huang LH, Li SC. BST-1 as a serum protein biomarker involved in neutrophil infiltration in schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:537-547. [PMID: 34870552 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2014151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness. The serum protein biomarkers of schizophrenia were explored using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology. The underlying function of the identified protein biomarker was also investigated. METHODS We first collected serum samples from 12 schizophrenia patients and 12 healthy control (HC) subjects, followed by global screening with iTRAQ and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total, 691 serum proteins were detected and eight proteins, including ZYX, OSCAR, TPM4, SDPR, BST1, ARGHDB, ITIH5 and SH3BGRL3, were selected for further specific validation with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the serum samples from 52 schizophrenia patients and 50 HC subjects. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients had significantly lower serum level of BST1 and higher ITIH5 level than the HC subjects did. Using the levels of BST1, ITIH5 and OSCAR combined with machine learning algorithm, we developed a prediction model of schizophrenia with an auROC value 0.78. Moreover, in vitro cell assay confirmed that BST1 significantly repressed neutrophil infiltration through endothelial layer, highlighted the anti-inflammation nature of BST1. CONCLUSIONS Four novel protein markers (BST1, ITIH5, SDPR, and OSCAR) of schizophrenia were identified, and BST-1 could serve as a serum protein biomarker involved in neutrophil infiltration in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fa Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ting Hsu
- Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine and Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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6
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Tsuji T, Furuhara K, Gerasimenko M, Shabalova A, Cherepanov SM, Minami K, Higashida H, Tsuji C. Oral Supplementation with L-Carnosine Attenuates Social Recognition Deficits in CD157KO Mice via Oxytocin Release. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040803. [PMID: 35215455 PMCID: PMC8879915 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of supplementation with L-carnosine have been investigated in clinical trials in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, reports on the effects of L-carnosine in humans have been inconsistent, and the efficacy of L-carnosine supplementation for improving ASD symptoms has yet to be investigated in animal studies. Here, we examined the effects of oral supplementation with L-carnosine on social deficits in CD157KO mice, a murine model of ASD. Social deficits in CD157KO mice were assessed using a three-chamber social approach test. Oral supplementation with L-carnosine attenuated social behavioral deficits. The number of c-Fos-positive oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus was increased with L-carnosine supplementation in CD157KO mice after the three-chamber social approach test. We observed an increase in the number of c-Fos-positive neurons in the basolateral amygdala, a brain region involved in social behavior. Although the expression of oxytocin and oxytocin receptors in the hypothalamus was not altered by L-carnosine supplementation, the concentration of oxytocin in cerebrospinal fluid was increased in CD157KO mice by L-carnosine supplementation. These results suggest that L-carnosine supplementation restores social recognition impairments by augmenting the level of released oxytocin. Thus, we could imply the possibility of a safe nutritional intervention for at least some types of ASD in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuji
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.F.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (S.M.C.); (K.M.); (H.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Kazumi Furuhara
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.F.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (S.M.C.); (K.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Maria Gerasimenko
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.F.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (S.M.C.); (K.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Anna Shabalova
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.F.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (S.M.C.); (K.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Stanislav M Cherepanov
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.F.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (S.M.C.); (K.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Kana Minami
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.F.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (S.M.C.); (K.M.); (H.H.)
- Department of Health Development Nursing, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.F.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (S.M.C.); (K.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.F.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (S.M.C.); (K.M.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (C.T.)
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7
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Association of BST1 polymorphism with idiopathic restless legs syndrome in Chinese population. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:1987-1993. [PMID: 33625657 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) are both common movement disorders. Based on their clinical overlap, association studies of PD and RLS/WED have been conducted for many years. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether or not the genetic risk factor of PD was also associated with RLS/WED. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We included 102 idiopathic RLS/WED patients and 189 matched controls from southeast China. The clinical data included the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale, the subtypes of RLS/WED symptoms (painful or other discomfort), the comorbidities, the pregnancy history of female patients, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Risk gene analysis between RLS/WED and control groups including 21 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) was conducted. Genotyping was done by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We found that rs4273468 polymorphism of BST1 gene increased the risk of idiopathic RLS/WED patients in southeastern Chinese population (P = <0.001, OR = 2.85, p = 0.019 after Bonferroni correction). Moreover, the haplotype of G-G (rs4698412-rs4273468) was significantly associated with Chinese RLS/WED patients (p = <0.001). CONCLUSION BST1 may contribute to the development of RLS/WED. Further studies on larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.
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Lopatina OL, Komleva YK, Malinovskaya NA, Panina YA, Morgun AV, Salmina AB. CD157 and Brain Immune System in (Patho)physiological Conditions: Focus on Brain Plasticity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585294. [PMID: 33304350 PMCID: PMC7693531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoenzyme and receptor BST-1/CD157 has been considered as a key molecule involved in the regulation of functional activity of cells in various tissues and organs. It is commonly accepted that CD157 catalyzes NAD+ hydrolysis and acts as a component of integrin adhesion receptor complex. Such properties are important for the regulatory role of CD157 in neuronal and glial cells: in addition to recently discovered role in the regulation of emotions, motor functions, and social behavior, CD157 might serve as an important component of innate immune reactions in the central nervous system. Activation of innate immune system in the brain occurs in response to infectious agents as well as in brain injury and neurodegeneration. As an example, in microglial cells, association of CD157 with CD11b/CD18 complex drives reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation evident in brain ischemia, chronic neurodegeneration, and aging. There are various non-substrate ligands of CD157 belonging to the family of extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, collagen I, finbrinogen, and laminin) whose activity is required for controlling cell adhesion and migration. Therefore, CD157 could control structural and functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier and barriergenesis. On the other hand, contribution of CD157 to the regulation of brain development is rather possible since in the embryonic brain, CD157 expression is very high, whereas in the adult brain, CD157 is expressed on neural stem cells and, presumably, is involved in the neurogenesis. Besides, CD157 could mediate astrocytes' action on neural stem and progenitor cells within neurogenic niches. In this review we will summarize how CD157 may affect brain plasticity acting as a molecule at the crossroad of neurogenesis, cerebral angiogenesis, and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L. Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Social Brain Studies, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Komleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Malinovskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Panina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Morgun
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla B. Salmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Mahmuda NA, Yokoyama S, Munesue T, Hayashi K, Yagi K, Tsuji C, Higashida H. One Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the TRPM2 Channel Gene Identified as a Risk Factor in Bipolar Disorder Associates with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Japanese Population. Diseases 2020; 8:diseases8010004. [PMID: 32046066 PMCID: PMC7151227 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a non-specific cation channel, resulting in Ca2+ influx at warm temperatures from 34 °C to 47 °C, thus including the body temperature range in mammals. TRPM2 channels are activated by β-NAD+, ADP-ribose (ADPR), cyclic ADPR, and 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-diphosphoribose. It has been shown that TRPM2 cation channels and CD38, a type II or type III transmembrane protein with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, simultaneously play a role in heat-sensitive and NAD+ metabolite-dependent intracellular free Ca2+ concentration increases in hypothalamic oxytocinergic neurons. Subsequently, oxytocin (OT) is released to the brain. Impairment of OT release may induce social amnesia, one of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The risk of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and variants of TRPM2 have been reported in bipolar disorder, but not in ASD. Therefore, it is reasonable to examine whether SNPs or haplotypes in TRPM2 are associated with ASD. Here, we report a case-control study with 147 ASD patients and 150 unselected volunteers at Kanazawa University Hospital in Japan. The sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction method together with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was applied. Of 14 SNPs examined, one SNP (rs933151) displayed a significant p-value (OR = 0.1798, 95% CI = 0.039, 0.83; Fisher’s exact test; p = 0.0196). The present research data suggest that rs93315, identified as a risk factor for bipolar disorder, is a possible association factor for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Al Mahmuda
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
- Faculty of Business Administration, Eastern University, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Toshio Munesue
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (K.H.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (K.H.); (K.Y.)
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (N.A.M.); (S.Y.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory for Social Brain Studies, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasentsky, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Higashida H, Hashii M, Tanaka Y, Matsukawa S, Higuchi Y, Gabata R, Tsubomoto M, Seishima N, Teramachi M, Kamijima T, Hattori T, Hori O, Tsuji C, Cherepanov SM, Shabalova AA, Gerasimenko M, Minami K, Yokoyama S, Munesue SI, Harashima A, Yamamoto Y, Salmina AB, Lopatina O. CD38, CD157, and RAGE as Molecular Determinants for Social Behavior. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010062. [PMID: 31881755 PMCID: PMC7016687 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provide evidence to support that cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) and CD157 meaningfully act in the brain as neuroregulators. They primarily affect social behaviors. Social behaviors are impaired in Cd38 and Cd157 knockout mice. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CD38 and CD157/BST1 genes are associated with multiple neurological and psychiatric conditions, including autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia. In addition, both antigens are related to infectious and immunoregulational processes. The most important clues to demonstrate how these molecules play a role in the brain are oxytocin (OT) and the OT system. OT is axo-dendritically secreted into the brain from OT-containing neurons and causes activation of OT receptors mainly on hypothalamic neurons. Here, we overview the CD38/CD157-dependent OT release mechanism as the initiation step for social behavior. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a newly identified molecule as an OT binding protein and serves as a transporter of OT to the brain, crossing over the blood–brain barrier, resulting in the regulation of brain OT levels. We point out new roles of CD38 and CD157 during neuronal development and aging in relation to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ levels in embryonic and adult nervous systems. Finally, we discuss how CD38, CD157, and RAGE are crucial for social recognition and behavior in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
- Laboratory of Social Brain Study, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia; (A.B.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-265-2455; Fax: +81-76-234-4213
| | - Minako Hashii
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Nanao Hospital, Nanao 926-0841, Japan
| | - Yukie Tanaka
- Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Matsukawa
- Life Science Research Laboratory, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiro Higuchi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-0816, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Gabata
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Makoto Tsubomoto
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Noriko Seishima
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Mitsuyo Teramachi
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Taiki Kamijima
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.H.); (O.H.)
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.H.); (O.H.)
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Stanislav M. Cherepanov
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Anna A. Shabalova
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Maria Gerasimenko
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Kana Minami
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sei-ichi Munesue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (S.-i.M.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ai Harashima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (S.-i.M.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (S.-i.M.); (A.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Alla B. Salmina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (R.G.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.); (C.T.); (S.M.C.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.); (K.M.); (S.Y.)
- Laboratory of Social Brain Study, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia; (A.B.S.)
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Laboratory of Social Brain Study, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia; (A.B.S.)
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11
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Yakymiv Y, Augeri S, Fissolo G, Peola S, Bracci C, Binaschi M, Bellarosa D, Pellacani A, Ferrero E, Ortolan E, Funaro A. CD157: From Myeloid Cell Differentiation Marker to Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121580. [PMID: 31817547 PMCID: PMC6952987 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CD157/BST-1 and CD38 are dual receptor-enzymes derived by gene duplication that belong to the ADP ribosyl cyclase gene family. First identified over 30 years ago as Mo5 myeloid differentiation antigen and 10 years later as Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 1 (BST-1), CD157 proved not to be restricted to the myeloid compartment and to have a diversified functional repertoire ranging from immunity to cancer and metabolism. Despite being a NAD+-metabolizing ectoenzyme anchored to the cell surface through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety, the functional significance of human CD157 as an enzyme remains unclear, while its receptor role emerged from its discovery and has been clearly delineated with the identification of its high affinity binding to fibronectin. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the immunoregulatory functions of human CD157/BST-1 in physiological and pathological conditions. We then focus on CD157 expression in hematological tumors highlighting its emerging role in the interaction between acute myeloid leukemia and extracellular matrix proteins and its potential utility for monoclonal antibody targeted therapy in this disease.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/chemistry
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/metabolism
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Disease Susceptibility
- Enzyme Activation
- GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- GPI-Linked Proteins/chemistry
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Substrate Specificity
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Yakymiv
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Stefania Augeri
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Giulia Fissolo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Silvia Peola
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Cristiano Bracci
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Monica Binaschi
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Bellarosa
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.B.)
| | | | - Enza Ferrero
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Erika Ortolan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Ada Funaro
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6705988
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12
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Ichinose W, Cherepanov SM, Shabalova AA, Yokoyama S, Yuhi T, Yamaguchi H, Watanabe A, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto H, Horike S, Terakawa J, Daikoku T, Watanabe M, Mano N, Higashida H, Shuto S. Development of a Highly Potent Analogue and a Long-Acting Analogue of Oxytocin for the Treatment of Social Impairment-Like Behaviors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3297-3310. [PMID: 30896946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The nonapeptide hormone oxytocin (OT) has pivotal brain roles in social recognition and interaction and is thus a promising therapeutic drug for social deficits. Because of its peptide structure, however, OT is rapidly eliminated from the bloodstream, which decreases its potential therapeutic effects in the brain. We found that newly synthesized OT analogues in which the Pro7 of OT was replaced with N-( p-fluorobenzyl)glycine (2) or N-(3-hydroxypropyl)glycine (5) exhibited highly potent binding affinities for OT receptors and Ca2+ mobilization effects by selectively activating OT receptors over vasopressin receptors in HEK cells, where 2 was identified as a superagonist ( EMax = 131%) for OT receptors. Furthermore, the two OT analogues had a remarkably long-acting effect, up to 16-24 h, on recovery from impaired social behaviors in two strains of CD38 knockout mice that exhibit autism spectrum disorder-like social behavioral deficits, whereas the effect of OT itself rapidly diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University Hospital , Sendai 980-8574 , Japan
| | - Ayu Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University Hospital , Sendai 980-8574 , Japan
| | | | | | - Shinichi Horike
- Kanazawa University Advanced Science Research Center , Kanazawa 920-8640 , Japan
| | - Junpei Terakawa
- Kanazawa University Advanced Science Research Center , Kanazawa 920-8640 , Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Kanazawa University Advanced Science Research Center , Kanazawa 920-8640 , Japan
| | | | - Nariyasu Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University Hospital , Sendai 980-8574 , Japan
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13
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Li J, Luo J, Liu L, Fu H, Tang L. The association between CD157/BST1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1089-1102. [PMID: 31118642 PMCID: PMC6500436 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s190935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Different studies have provided some evidence for the association between BST1 polymorphisms and Parkinson's disease (PD). The extent to which these genetic effects are consistent across different populations is unknown. Methods: A meta-analysis of PD case-control studies using a common set of three variants was conducted. Published reports were obtained from electronic databases including Pubmed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Cochrane Library databases between August 2010 and January 2018. Results: A total of 11 individual studies with 8,725 cases and 17,079 controls were included. The results showed statistically significant association between the dominant model of rs11931532 and PD risk in Asian populations (P=0.006, OR [95% CI]=1.22 [1.06-1.41]). Significant association was also detected between the allelic, dominant, and recessive models of rs4698412 and PD risk in Asian populations (allelic model: P<0.00001, OR [95% CI]=1.22 [1.16-1.29]; dominant model: P<0.00001, OR [95%CI]=1.35 [1.20-1.52]; recessive model; P=0.0003, OR [95% CI]=1.30 [1.13-1.50]). Nevertheless, the pooled analyses suggested that no significant association was uncovered between rs11724635 and PD risk (P>0.05). Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggests that the rs11931532 and rs4698412, but not rs11724635 might be risk factors for PD in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410219, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ortolan E, Augeri S, Fissolo G, Musso I, Funaro A. CD157: From immunoregulatory protein to potential therapeutic target. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:59-64. [PMID: 29936181 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CD157/BST1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein is an evolutionary conserved dual-function receptor and β-NAD+-metabolizing ectoenzyme of the ADP-ribosyl cyclases gene family. Identified as bone marrow stromal cell and myeloid cell differentiation antigen, CD157 turned out to have a wider expression than originally assumed. The functional significance of human CD157 as an enzyme remains unclear, while it was well established in mouse models. Conversely, the receptor role of CD157 has been clearly delineated. In physiological conditions, CD157 is a key player in regulating leukocyte adhesion, migration and diapedesis. Underlying these functional roles is the ability of CD157 to bind with high affinity selected extracellular matrix components within their heparin-binding domains. CD157 binding to extracellular matrix promotes its interaction with β1 and β2-integrins and induces the organization of a multimolecular complex that is instrumental to the delivery of synergistic outside-in signals leading to optimal cell adhesion and migration, both in physiological and in pathological situations. CD157 also regulates cell adhesion and migration and is a marker of adverse prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer and pleural mesothelioma. This review focuses on human CD157 expression and functions and provides an overview on its role in human pathology and its emerging potential as target for antibody-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortolan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Augeri
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Fissolo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Musso
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ada Funaro
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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15
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Mo W, Liu J, Zhang Z, Yu H, Yang A, Qu F, Hu P, Liu Z, Hu F. A study of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CD157, AIM2 and JARID2 genes in Han Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:179-183. [PMID: 29216786 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1410570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental brain disorders caused by genetic and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to immune function were associated with ASD in Chinese Han children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 201 children with ASD and 200 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited from September 2012 to June 2106. A TaqMan probe-based approach was used to genotype SNPs corresponding to rs28532698 and rs4301112 in CD157, rs855867 in AIM2, and rs2237126 in JARID2. Case-control and case-only studies were performed to determine the contribution of SNPs to the predisposition of disease and its severity, respectively. RESULTS Our results revealed that the genotypes and allele frequencies of these SNPs were not significantly associated with childhood ASD and its severity in this population. CONCLUSIONS Results of our study suggest that these SNPs are not predictors of childhood ASD in the Chinese Han population. The discrepant results suggest the predictor roles of SNPs have to be determined in different ethnic populations due to genetic heterogeneity of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Mo
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jun Liu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- b Department of Pediatrics , Xiaoshan First People's Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hong Yu
- c Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Aiping Yang
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fei Qu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Pingfang Hu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fengpei Hu
- e Institute of Brain and Management Science , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
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16
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Lopatina OL, Furuhara K, Ishihara K, Salmina AB, Higashida H. Communication Impairment in Ultrasonic Vocal Repertoire during the Suckling Period of Cd157 Knockout Mice: Transient Improvement by Oxytocin. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:266. [PMID: 28566999 PMCID: PMC5434149 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication consists of social interaction, recognition, and information transmission. Communication ability is the most affected component in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recently, we reported that the CD157/BST1 gene is associated with ASD, and that CD157 knockout (Cd157−/−) mice display severe impairments in social behavior that are improved by oxytocin (OXT) treatment. Here, we sought to determine whether Cd157−/− mice can be used as a suitable model for communication deficits by measuring ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), especially in the early developmental stage. Call number produced in pups due to isolation from dams was higher at postnatal day (PND) 3 in knockout pups than wild-type mice, but was lower at PNDs 7 and 10. Pups of both genotypes had similarly limited voice repertoires at PND 3. Later on, at PNDs 7 and 10, while wild-type pups emitted USVs consisting of six different syllable types, knockout pups vocalized with only two types. This developmental impairment in USV emission was rescued within 30 min by intraperitoneal OXT treatment, but quickly returned to control levels after 120 min, showing a transient effect of OXT. USV impairment was partially observed in Cd157+/− heterozygous mice, but not in Cd157−/− adult male mice examined while under courtship. These results demonstrate that CD157 gene deletion results in social communication insufficiencies, and suggests that CD157 is likely involved in acoustic communication. This unique OXT-sensitive developmental delay in Cd157−/− pups may be a useful model of communicative interaction impairment in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Lopatina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Kazumi Furuhara
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical SchoolKurashiki, Japan
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan
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17
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Kasai S, Yoshihara T, Lopatina O, Ishihara K, Higashida H. Selegiline Ameliorates Depression-Like Behavior in Mice Lacking the CD157/BST1 Gene, a Risk Factor for Parkinson's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:75. [PMID: 28515684 PMCID: PMC5413561 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is accompanied by various non-motor symptoms including depression and anxiety, which may precede the onset of motor symptoms. Selegiline is an irreversible monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, and is widely used in the treatment of PD and major depression. However, there are few reports about the effects of selegiline on non-motor symptoms in PD. The aim of this study was to explore the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of selegiline, using CD157/BST1 knockout (CD157 KO) mouse, a PD-related genetic model displaying depression and anxiety, compared with other antiparkinsonian drugs and an antidepressant, and was to investigate the effects of selegiline on biochemical parameters in emotion-related brain regions. A single administration of selegiline (1–10 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) in CD157 KO mice, but not C57BL/6N wild-type (WT) mice. At 10 mg/kg, but not 3 mg/kg, selegiline significantly increased climbing time in CD157 KO mice. A single administration of the antiparkinsonian drugs pramipexole (a dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptor agonist) or rasagiline (another MAO-B inhibitor), and repeated injections of a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), mirtazapine, also decreased immobility time, but did not increase climbing time, in CD157 KO mice. The antidepressant-like effects of 10 mg/kg selegiline were comparable to those of 10 mg/kg rasagiline, and tended to be stronger than those of 1 mg/kg rasagiline. After the FST, CD157 KO mice showed decreases in striatal and hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) content, cortical norepinephrine (NE) content, and plasma corticosterone concentration. A single administration of selegiline at 10 mg/kg returned striatal 5-HT, cortical NE, and plasma corticosterone levels to those observed in WT mice. In the open field test (OFT), repeated administration of mirtazapine had anxiolytic effects, and selegiline nonsignificantly ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors in CD157 KO mice. In the social interaction and preference tests, repeated mirtazapine ameliorated the high anxiety and low sociability of CD157 KO mice, whereas selegiline did not. These results indicate that selegiline has antidepressant and mild anxiolytic effects in CD157 KO mice, and suggest that it is an effective antiparkinsonian drug for depressive and anxiety symptoms in PD patients with a CD157 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoka Kasai
- Research Institute, FP Pharmaceutical CorporationMatsubara, Japan.,Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan.,Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical SchoolKurashiki, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan
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Chong A, Malavasi F, Israel S, Khor CC, Yap VB, Monakhov M, Chew SH, Lai PS, Ebstein RP. ADP ribosyl-cyclases (CD38/CD157), social skills and friendship. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 78:185-192. [PMID: 28212520 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Why some individuals seek social engagement while others shy away has profound implications for normal and pathological human behavior. Evidence suggests that oxytocin (OT), the paramount human social hormone, and CD38 that governs OT release, contribute to individual differences in social skills from intense social involvement to extreme avoidance that characterize autism. To explore the neurochemical underpinnings of sociality, CD38 expression of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was measured in Han Chinese undergraduates. First, CD38 mRNA levels were correlated with lower Autism Quotient (AQ), indicating enhanced social skills. AQ assesses the extent of autistic-like traits including the propensity and dexterity needed for successful social engagement in the general population. Second, three CD157 eQTL SNPs in the CD38/CD157 gene region were associated with CD38 expression. CD157 is a paralogue of CD38 and is contiguous with it on chromosome 4p15. Third, association was also observed between the CD157 eQTL SNPs, CD38 expression and AQ. In the full model, CD38 expression and CD157 eQTL SNPs altogether account for a substantial 14% of the variance in sociality. Fourth, functionality of CD157 eQTL SNPs was suggested by a significant association with plasma oxytocin immunoreactivity products. Fifth, the ecological validity of these findings was demonstrated with subjects with higher PBL CD38 expression having more friends, especially for males. Furthermore, CD157 sequence variation predicts scores on the Friendship questionnaire. To summarize, this study by uniquely leveraging various measures reveals salient elements contributing to nonkin sociality and friendship, revealing a likely pathway underpinning the transition from normality to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chong
- Dept. of Psychology, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore.
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Von Bing Yap
- Dept. of Statistics & Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore
| | - Mikhail Monakhov
- Dept. of Psychology, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore
| | - Soo Hong Chew
- Dept. of Economics, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore
| | - Poh San Lai
- Dept. of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, S119228, Singapore
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- Dept. of Psychology, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore.
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Higashida H, Liang M, Yoshihara T, Akther S, Fakhrul A, Stanislav C, Nam TS, Kim UH, Kasai S, Nishimura T, Al Mahmuda N, Yokoyama S, Ishihara K, Gerasimenko M, Salmina A, Zhong J, Tsuji T, Tsuji C, Lopatina O. An immunohistochemical, enzymatic, and behavioral study of CD157/BST-1 as a neuroregulator. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:35. [PMID: 28340569 PMCID: PMC5366154 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent rodent and human studies provide evidence in support of the fact that CD157, well known as bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1) and a risk factor in Parkinson’s disease, also meaningfully acts in the brain as a neuroregulator and affects social behaviors. It has been shown that social behaviors are impaired in CD157 knockout mice without severe motor dysfunction and that CD157/BST1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with autism spectrum disorder in humans. However, it is still necessary to determine how this molecule contributes to the brain’s physiological and pathophysiological functions. Methods To gain fresh insights about the relationship between the presence of CD157 in the brain and its enzymatic activity, and aberrant social behavior, CD157 knockout mice of various ages were tested. Results CD157 immunoreactivity colocalized with nestin-positive cells and elements in the ventricular zones in E17 embryos. Brain CD157 mRNA levels were high in neonates but low in adults. Weak but distinct immunoreactivity was detected in several areas in the adult brain, including the amygdala. CD157 has little or no base exchange activity, but some ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, indicating that CD157 formed cyclic ADP-ribose but much less nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, with both mobilizing Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ pools. Social avoidance in CD157 knockout mice was rescued by a single intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin. Conclusions CD157 may play a role in the embryonic and adult nervous systems. The functional features of CD157 can be explained in part through the production of cyclic ADP-ribose rather than nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Further experiments are required to elucidate how the embryonic expression of CD157 in neural stem cells contributes to behaviors in adults or to psychiatric symptoms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0350-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Mingkun Liang
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shirin Akther
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Azam Fakhrul
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Cherepanov Stanislav
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tae-Sik Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Satoka Kasai
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naila Al Mahmuda
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Maria Gerasimenko
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Alla Salmina
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660022
| | - Jing Zhong
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660022
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20
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Cherepanov SM, Yokoyama S, Mizuno A, Ichinose W, Lopatina O, Shabalova AA, Salmina AB, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto H, Shuto S, Higashida H. Structure-specific effects of lipidated oxytocin analogs on intracellular calcium levels, parental behavior, and oxytocin concentrations in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00290. [PMID: 28596839 PMCID: PMC5461640 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuroendocrine nonapeptide that plays an important role in social memory and behavior. Nasal administration of OT has been shown to improve trust in healthy humans and social interaction in autistic subjects in some clinical trials. As a central nervous system (CNS) drug, however, OT has two unfavorable characteristics: OT is short‐acting and shows poor permeability across the blood–brain barrier, because it exists in charged form in the plasma and has short half‐life. To overcome these drawbacks, an analog with long‐lasting effects is required. We previously synthesized the analog, lipo‐oxytocin‐1 (LOT‐1), in which two palmitoyl groups are conjugated to the cysteine and tyrosine residues. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated the analogs lipo‐oxytocin‐2 (LOT‐2) and lipo‐oxytocin‐3 (LOT‐3), which feature the conjugation of one palmitoyl group at the cysteine and tyrosine residues, respectively. In human embryonic kidney‐293 cells overexpressing human OT receptors, these three LOTs demonstrated comparably weak effects on the elevation of intracellular free calcium concentrations after OT receptor activation, compared to the effects of OT. The three LOTs and OT exhibited different time‐dependent effects on recovery from impaired pup retrieval behavior in sires of CD38‐knockout mice. Sires treated with LOT‐1 showed the strongest effect, whereas others had no or little effects at 24 h after injection. These results indicated that LOTs have structure‐specific agonistic effects, and suggest that lipidation of OT might have therapeutic benefits for social impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav M Cherepanov
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition Research Center for Child Mental Development Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-8640 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition Research Center for Child Mental Development Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-8640 Japan
| | - Akira Mizuno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Wataru Ichinose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk 660022 Russia
| | - Anna A Shabalova
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition Research Center for Child Mental Development Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-8640 Japan
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition Research Center for Child Mental Development Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-8640 Japan.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk 660022 Russia
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular BiologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-8640 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular BiologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-8640 Japan.,Department of Advanced Biological Sciences for Regeneration (Kotobiken Medical Laboratories) Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery Hokkaido University Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku Sapporo060-0812 Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition Research Center for Child Mental Development Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-8640 Japan
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A Study of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the SLC19A1/RFC1 Gene in Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050772. [PMID: 27213354 PMCID: PMC4881591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with complex genetic etiology. Recent studies have indicated that children with ASD may have altered folate or methionine metabolism, suggesting that the folate–methionine cycle may play a key role in the etiology of ASD. SLC19A1, also referred to as reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1), is a member of the solute carrier group of transporters and is one of the key enzymes in the folate metabolism pathway. Findings from multiple genomic screens suggest the presence of an autism susceptibility locus on chromosome 21q22.3, which includes SLC19A1. Therefore, we performed a case-control study in a Japanese population. In this study, DNA samples obtained from 147 ASD patients at the Kanazawa University Hospital in Japan and 150 unrelated healthy Japanese volunteers were examined by the sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction method pooled with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. p < 0.05 was considered to represent a statistically significant outcome. Of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) examined, a significant p-value was obtained for AA genotype of one SNP (rs1023159, OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.16–0.91, p = 0.0394; Fisher’s exact test). Despite some conflicting results, our findings supported a role for the polymorphism rs1023159 of the SLC19A1 gene, alone or in combination, as a risk factor for ASD. However, the findings were not consistent after multiple testing corrections. In conclusion, although our results supported a role of the SLC19A1 gene in the etiology of ASD, it was not a significant risk factor for the ASD samples analyzed in this study.
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