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Hauke G, Lohr-Berger C, Shafir T. Emotional activation in a cognitive behavioral setting: extending the tradition with embodiment. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1409373. [PMID: 39118852 PMCID: PMC11306023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1409373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuroscience-based concept of "embodied cognition" or "embodiment" highlights that body and psyche are closely intertwined, i.e., effects of body and psyche are bidirectional and reciprocal. This represents the view that cognitive processes are not possible without the direct participation of the body. Traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) addresses emotional processes on a conceptual level (dysfunctional thoughts, beliefs, attributions, etc.). However recent findings suggest that these processes already start at the level of bodily sensations. This opens up a way of working in therapy that includes the level of bodily sensations, where the development of emotional meaning is supported by bottom-up processes. Bidirectionality of embodiment can be effectively exploited by using body postures and movements associated with certain emotions, which we refer to as embodiment techniques, to deepen the physical experience of poorly felt emotions and support the valid construction of emotional meaning. This embodied approach offers several advantages: Prelinguistic or hard-to-grasp aspects can be identified more easily before being processed verbally. It is also easier to work with clients who have limited access to their emotions. Thus, in this paper we describe a new embodied CBT approach to working on the dysfunctional schema, which is based on three modules: body focus, emotional field, and interaction focus. In addition, using specific zones in the space of the therapy-room allows the embodiment of problematic interactions, as well as of power and powerlessness, closeness and distance, etc. Directly experiencing these processes on one's own body in the protected space of therapy allows faster and deeper insights than would be possible with conversations alone. Finally, the vitalizing power of emotions is used to create coherent action plans and successful interactions. This working method is illustrated by means of a case from practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tal Shafir
- The Graduate School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Kutsuna I, Hoshino A, Morisugi A, Mori Y, Shirato A, Takeda M, Isaji H, Suwa M. Relationship between duration of sick leave and time variation of words used in return-to-work programs for depression. Work 2024; 77:981-991. [PMID: 37781845 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Return-to-work (RTW) programs are provided as rehabilitation for people who have taken sick leave from work because of mental health problems. However, methods to present this information to workplaces objectively remain limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct an exploratory investigation of the relationship between duration of sick leave and time variation of words used in RTW programs for depression from textual data collected from electronic medical records as a new evaluation indicator. METHODS The study subjects were those who had taken sick leave because of major depressive or adjustment disorder and had participated in an RTW program. The study data comprised demographic characteristics and texts. Textual data were collected from electronic medical records and classified based on the SOAP note. Thereafter, the textual data were quantified into category scores based on a standard text analysis dictionary. A generalized linear mixed model was used for the statistical analysis, with the score for each category (emotional, social, cognitive, perceptual, biological, motivational, relativity, and informal) as the dependent variable and the duration of sick leave, time, and interaction between the duration of sick leave and time as the independent variables. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS In total, 42 participants were included in the analysis. The results revealed a significant interaction between the social (p = 0.001) and emotional (p = 0.002) categories. CONCLUSION The findings suggest a relationship between word changes in electronic medical records and the duration of sick leave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kutsuna
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Mental Clinic Anser, Medical Corporation Seiseikai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aiko Hoshino
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Mental Clinic Anser, Medical Corporation Seiseikai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ami Morisugi
- Mental Clinic Anser, Medical Corporation Seiseikai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukari Mori
- Mental Clinic Anser, Medical Corporation Seiseikai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aki Shirato
- Hinaga General Center for Mental Care, Mie, Japan
| | - Mirai Takeda
- Hinaga General Center for Mental Care, Mie, Japan
| | - Hikari Isaji
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mami Suwa
- Mental Clinic Anser, Medical Corporation Seiseikai, Aichi, Japan
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Yue T, Wang Q, Long R, Chen H, Li M, Liu H. Impact of Urban Residents' Environmental Cognition on Voluntary Carbon-Reduction Behavior: The Mediating Role of Environmental Emotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15710. [PMID: 36497784 PMCID: PMC9740650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban residents play an essential role in the carbon-reduction process, and it is significant to effectively guide them to reduce carbon voluntarily to achieve the "double carbon" target. In this study, a model was developed to investigate the influence of the environmental cognition (EC), environmental emotion (EE), and voluntary carbon-reduction behavior (VCB) of urban residents. Based on a sample of 978 urban residents in Jiangsu province, we used a multiple regression analysis to investigate the mechanisms of EC and EE on VCB. The results showed that: (1) both EC and EE positively affected residents' VCB, and EC had a higher impact than EE; (2) the three dimensions of EC (cognition for carbon-reduction knowledge, cognition for environmental issues, and cognition for individual responsibility) and the two dimensions of EE (positive environmental emotion and negative environmental emotion) all had a significant positive effect on voluntary carbon-reduction behavior; and (3) EE played a partial mediating role in the relationship between EC and VCB, and there was no significant difference in the strength of the mediating effect between positive and negative environmental emotion. In conclusion, raising environmental awareness and stimulating environmental emotion have the potential to promote voluntary carbon-reduction behavior among residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yue
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qianru Wang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ruyin Long
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Institute for Jiangnan Culture, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Research Institute of National Security and Green Development, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Haiwen Liu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Tang E, Jones C, Smith-MacDonald L, Brown MRG, Vermetten EHGJM, Brémault-Phillips S. Decreased Emotional Dysregulation Following Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation Therapy (3MDR): Identifying Possible Driving Factors in Remediation of Treatment-Resistant PTSD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12243. [PMID: 34831999 PMCID: PMC8621264 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multi-modal motion-assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation therapy (3MDR), an interactive, virtual reality-assisted, exposure-based intervention for PTSD, has shown promising results for treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder (TR-PTSD) among military members (MMs) and veterans in randomized controlled trials (RCT). Previous research has suggested that emotional regulation (ER) and emotional dysregulation (ED) may be factors which are correlated with symptom severity and maintenance of TR-PTSD. This embedded mixed-methods pilot study (n = 9) sought to explore the impact of 3MDR on ER and ED of MMs and veterans. Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS-18) data were collected at baseline, prior to each session, and at one week, one month, and three months postintervention and analyzed. Qualitative data collected from sessions, debriefs, and follow-up interviews were transcribed and descriptively analyzed. Results demonstrated statistically significant decreases in DERS-18 scores from preintervention to postintervention at each timepoint. Qualitatively, participants perceived improvements in ER within specified DERS-18 domains. We describe how 3MDR's unique and novel approach addresses ED through cognitive-motor stimulation, narration, divergent thinking, reappraisal of aversive stimuli, dual-task processing, and reconsolidation of traumatic memories. More studies are needed to better understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms by which 3MDR addresses ER and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Tang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; (E.T.); (L.S.-M.)
- Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; (C.J.); (M.R.G.B.)
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Chelsea Jones
- Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; (C.J.); (M.R.G.B.)
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5E 5R8, Canada
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Lorraine Smith-MacDonald
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; (E.T.); (L.S.-M.)
- Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; (C.J.); (M.R.G.B.)
| | - Matthew R. G. Brown
- Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; (C.J.); (M.R.G.B.)
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada
| | - Eric H. G. J. M. Vermetten
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Center, 1112 XE Diemen, The Netherlands
- Military Mental Health, Dutch Ministry of Defense, 3584 EZ Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzette Brémault-Phillips
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; (E.T.); (L.S.-M.)
- Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; (C.J.); (M.R.G.B.)
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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Agarwal V. Mimetic Self-Reflexivity and Intersubjectivity in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practices: The Mirror Neuron System in Breast Cancer Survivorship. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:641219. [PMID: 34867225 PMCID: PMC8639595 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.641219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers' practices in the treatment of their breast cancer survivor (BCS) clients and interprets these practices within the context of existing neuroscientific research on the mirror neuron system (MNS). Purposive and snowball sampling was conducted to recruit CAM providers (N = 15) treating BCSs from integrative medicine centers, educational institutions, private practices, and professional medical associations across the United States. In-depth semi-structured interviewing (N = 252 single-spaced pages) and inductive qualitative content analysis reveal CAM therapeutic practices emphasize a diachronic form of mimetic self-reflexivity and a serendipitous form of mimetic intersubjectivity in BCS pain management to allow the providers to tune-in to their clients' internal states over time and experience themselves as an embodied subject in an imaginative, shared space. By employing imagination and an intentional vulnerability in their embodied simulation of the others' internal states, CAM providers co-create experiences of pain while recognizing what about the other remains an unknown. Although MNs provide the mechanism for imitation and simulation underlying empathy through a neuronally wired grasp of the other's intentionality, the study suggests that examining mimetic self-reflexivity and intersubjectivity in the therapeutic space may allow for a shared simulation of participants' subjective experiences of pain and potentially inform research on self-recognition and self-other discrimination as an index of self-awareness which implicates the MNS in embodied social cognition in imaginative ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Agarwal
- Department of Communication, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, United States
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Weineck F, Hauke G, Lindemann H, Lachenmeir K, Schnebel A, Karačić M, Meule A, Voderholzer U, Pollatos O. Using bodily postures in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: Effects of power posing on interoception and affective states. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 29:216-231. [PMID: 33252788 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Power posing involves the adoption of an expansive bodily posture. This study examined whether power posing could benefit individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and women with normal weight in regards to interoceptive ability and affective states. METHOD Participants included 50 inpatients and outpatients with AN as well as 51 normal-weight women. Interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), measured by the heartbeat tracking task and interoceptive sensibility (IS), measured by confidence ratings, were assessed at baseline, after a single power posing session and after 1 week of daily training. Also, the short-term effects of power posing on subjective feelings of dominance, pleasantness, and arousal were investigated. RESULTS Both groups increased in their IAcc after one power posing session. Also, there was a significant main effect of time on feelings of dominance and pleasantness in the short-term. Women with AN displayed lower levels of IS, dominance, and pleasantness as well as higher levels of arousal than women without AN. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that power posing has the potential to increase IAcc, subjective feelings of power and pleasant affect in the short-term. Further research should investigate which mechanisms foster the effectiveness of this intervention to tailor it to the needs of women with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Weineck
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gernot Hauke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hanna Lindemann
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Lachenmeir
- Treatment Center for Eating Disorders (TCE), Dritter Orden Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Adrian Meule
- Schön Klinik Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- Schön Klinik Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Connors BL, Rende R. Embodied Decision-Making Style: Below and Beyond Cognition. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1123. [PMID: 30072930 PMCID: PMC6058971 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the essential role of sensorimotor processes as not just a supporter of the cognitive aspects of decision making, but rather as a foundation for all the coordinated physical and mental activities that go into how we make decisions. We illuminate concepts and methods for examining embodied decision making through the lens of Movement Pattern Analysis (MPA). MPA is as a prime example of a conceptually rooted observational methodology for deciphering embodied decision making and for decoding how people differ as decision makers with respect to cognitive motivational priorities. The historical origins of MPA that predated the formalized recognition of embodied cognition are presented, along with an overview of both the theoretical model and methodology. Advances in research on two psychometric benchmarks of observational research-inter-rater reliability and predictive validity-are highlighted as an empirical platform for the strong promise of MPA as a tool for understanding individual differences in embodied decision-making style. Future directions for research are considered-specifically with respect to the potential for utilizing automated coding, and the need for collaborative neuroscience research efforts-which would support further understanding of how decoding movement patterning captures human motivation at the level of sensory, motoric, cognitive and action integration which drives how people function as decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L Connors
- Office of the President, Naval War College, Newport, RI, United States
| | - Richard Rende
- Social Behavioral Research Applications, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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