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Ge J, Luo T, Qiu J. Experimental Investigation of the Dynamic Responses of Thin-Walled and Foam-Filled Steel Tubes Subjected to Repeated Impacts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1018. [PMID: 38473491 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a horizontal impact setup was used to measure the dynamic responses of specimens fixed on a reaction wall and subjected to repeated impacts generated by a large-tonnage impactor. The contact force, deformation process, energy absorption, and other properties of two specimens (a thin-walled steel tube and foam-filled steel tube) were thoroughly investigated. The results demonstrated that the thin-walled tube's properties were consistent with the four-phase and six-phase deformation models and that the foam-filled tube's properties were consistent with the two-phase deformation model. In the early stages of the experiment, the foam-filled and thin-walled tubes were similar in terms of the contact force and energy absorption. However, when the polyurethane (PU) strain reached 0.8, the PU significantly increased the support of the tubes, reduced the contact force (by extending the contact time), and increased the energy absorption capacity by 33.6-43.5%. The crush curves of the specimens were in agreement for cases involving multiple impacts, as well as for one impact with the same impact of kinetic energy. The crush curves can be used to assess the actual performance of crashworthy devices. Furthermore, after repeated impacts, the foam-filled tube exhibited a pseudo-shakedown behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Jiangsu Hongyuan Science and Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213161, China
| | - Tingyi Luo
- Guangxi Beitou Highway Construction and Investment Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530028, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201804, China
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Mohtasham Moein M, Saradar A, Rahmati K, Hatami Shirkouh A, Sadrinejad I, Aramali V, Karakouzian M. Investigation of Impact Resistance of High-Strength Portland Cement Concrete Containing Steel Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7157. [PMID: 36295224 PMCID: PMC9608684 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Impact resistance of Portland cement concrete (PCC) is an essential property in various applications of PCC, such as industrial floors, hydraulic structures, and explosion-proof structures. Steel-fiber-fortified high-strength concrete testing was completed using a drop-weight impact assessment for impact strength. One mix was used to manufacture 320 concrete disc specimens cured in both humid and dry conditions. In addition, 30 cubic and 30 cylindrical specimens were used to evaluate the compressive and indirect tensile strengths. Steel fibers with hooked ends of lengths of 20, 30, and 50 mm were used in the concrete mixtures. Data on material strength were collected from impact testing, including the number of post-first-crack blows (INPBs), first-crack strength, and failure strength. Findings from the results concluded that all the steel fibers improved the mechanical properties of concrete. However, hooked steel fibers were more effective than crimped steel fibers in increasing impact strength, even with a smaller length-to-diameter ratio. Concrete samples containing hybrid fibers (hooked + crimped) also had lower compressive strength than the other fibers. Comparisons and analogies drawn between the test results and the static analyses (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis) show that the p-value of the analyses indicates a more normal distribution for curing in a humid environment. A significant difference was also observed between the energy absorptions of the reinforced mixtures into steel fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashkan Saradar
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht 419961377, Iran
| | - Komeil Rahmati
- Department of Civil Engineering, Somesara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Somesara 4361947496, Iran
| | - Arman Hatami Shirkouh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin 1519534199, Iran
| | - Iman Sadrinejad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar 4487136889, Iran
| | - Vartenie Aramali
- Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Management, California State University, Northridge, LA 91330, USA
| | - Moses Karakouzian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Saeed HZ, Saleem MZ, Chua YS, Vatin NI. Research on Structural Performance of Hybrid Ferro Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slabs. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6748. [PMID: 36234089 PMCID: PMC9572473 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reinforced concrete structures, particularly in cold areas, experience early deterioration due to steel corrosion. Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is an emerging construction material and cost-effective substitute for conventional concrete to enhance the durability and resistance against crack development. This article examines the structural performance of hybrid ferro fiber reinforced concrete slabs (mix ratio of mortar 1:2) comprising silica fume, layers of spot-welded mesh and different ratios of polypropylene fibers. The ferrocement slabs are compared with a conventional Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) slab (mix ratio of 1:2:4). The experimental work comprised a total of 13 one-way slabs, one control specimen and three groups of ferrocement slabs divided based on different percentages of Poly Propylene Fibers (PPF) corresponding to 0.10%, 0.30% and 0.50% dosage in each group. Furthermore, in each group, the percentage of steel ratio in ferrocement slabs varied between 25% and 100% of the steel area in the reinforced concrete control slab specimen. For evaluating the structural performance, the observation of deflection, stress-strain behavior, cracking load and energy absorption are critical parameters assessed using LVDTs and strain gauges. At the same time, the slabs were tested in flexure mode with third point loading. The experimental results showed that the first cracking load and ultimate deflection for fibrous specimens with 0.5% fiber and 10% silica fume increased by 15.25% and 13.2% compared with the reference RCC control slab. Therefore, by increasing the percentage of PPF and steel wire mesh reinforcement in the ferrocement slab, the post-cracking behavior in terms of deflection properties and energy absorption capacity was substantially enhanced compared to the RCC control slab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Zain Saeed
- School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zubair Saleem
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47080, Pakistan
| | - Yie Sue Chua
- School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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Abid SR, Abbass AA, Murali G, Al-Sarray MLJ, Nader IA, Ali SH. Repeated Impact Response of Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Subjected to Temperatures up to 600 °C. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155283. [PMID: 35955217 PMCID: PMC9370038 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of investigating the response of concrete to the dual effect of accidental fire high temperatures and possible induced impacts due to falling fragmented or burst parts or objects, an experimental work is conducted in this study to explore the influence of exposure to temperatures of 200, 400 and 600 °C on the responses of concrete specimens subjected to impact loads. Cylindrical specimens are tested using the recommended repeated impact procedure of the ACI 544-2R test. Three concrete mixtures with concrete nominal design strengths of 20, 40 and 80 MPa are introduced to represent different levels of concrete strength. From each concrete mixture, 24 cylinders and 12 cubes are prepared to evaluate the residual impact resistance and compressive strength. Six cylindrical specimens and three cubes from each concrete mixture are heated to each of the three levels of high temperatures, while the other six cylinders and three cubes are tested without heating as reference specimens. The test results show that the behavior of impact resistance is completely different from that of compressive strength after exposure to high temperatures; the cylindrical specimens lose more than 80% of the cracking and failure impact resistance after exposure to 200 °C, while impact resistance almost vanishes after exposure to 400 and 600 °C. Concrete compressive strength is found to be effective on the unheated impact specimens, where the higher-strength cylinders retain significantly higher impact numbers. This effect noticeably decreases after exposure to 200 and 400 °C, and vanishes after exposure to 600 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallal R. Abid
- Department of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Kut 52003, Iraq; (M.L.J.A.-S.); (I.A.N.); (S.H.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmmad A. Abbass
- Building and Construction Materials Department, Southern Technical University-Shatrah Technical Institute, Shatrah 64007, Iraq;
| | - Gunasekaran Murali
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Mohammed L. J. Al-Sarray
- Department of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Kut 52003, Iraq; (M.L.J.A.-S.); (I.A.N.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Islam A. Nader
- Department of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Kut 52003, Iraq; (M.L.J.A.-S.); (I.A.N.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Sajjad H. Ali
- Department of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Kut 52003, Iraq; (M.L.J.A.-S.); (I.A.N.); (S.H.A.)
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High-Performance Construction Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects. BUILDINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings12070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our civilization has used construction materials extensively, especially for infrastructure projects [...]
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Abid SR, Murali G, Ahmad J, Al-Ghasham TS, Vatin NI. Repeated Drop-Weight Impact Testing of Fibrous Concrete: State-Of-The-Art Literature Review, Analysis of Results Variation and Test Improvement Suggestions. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113948. [PMID: 35683244 PMCID: PMC9182244 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ACI 544-2R introduced a qualitative test to compare the impact resistance of fibrous concretes under repeated falling-mass impact loads, which is considered to be a low-cost, quick solution for material-scale impact tests owing to the simplified apparatus, test setup and procedure, where none of the usual sophisticated sensors and data acquisition systems are required. However, previous studies showed that the test results are highly scattered with noticeably unacceptable variations, which encouraged researchers to try to use statistical tools to analyze the scattering of results and suggest modifications to reduce this unfavorable disadvantage. The current article introduces a state-of-the-art literature review on the previous and recent research on repeated impact testing of different types of fibrous concrete using the ACI 544-2R test, while focusing on the scattering of results and highlighting the adopted statistical distributions to analyze this scattering. The influence of different mixture parameters on the variation of the cracking and failure impact results is also investigated based on data from the literature. Finally, the article highlights and discusses the literature suggestions to modify the test specimen, apparatus and procedure to reduce the scattering of results in the ACI 544-2R repeated impact test. The conducted analyses showed that material parameters such as binder, aggregate and water contents in addition to the maximum size of aggregate have no effect on the variation of test results, while increasing the fiber content was found to have some positive influence on decreasing this variation. The survey conducted in this study also showed that the test can be modified to lower the unfavorable variations of impact and failure results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallal R. Abid
- Department of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Kut 52003, Iraq;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gunasekaran Murali
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (G.M.); (N.I.V.)
| | - Jawad Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Wah Cantt, Taxila 47040, Pakistan;
| | | | - Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (G.M.); (N.I.V.)
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