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Narjabadifam P, Noori M, Taciroglu E, Zhang J, Khoshnevis B, Cardone D, Basu D, Wang T, Elghandour E, Noroozinejad Farsangi E, Lotfi R, Chavoshi M, Sattarian D, Stirnimann OF. Sustainable Earthquake Resilience with the Versatile Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)-Based Superelasticity-Assisted Slider. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6876. [PMID: 36146225 PMCID: PMC9504169 DOI: 10.3390/s22186876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Earthquakes threaten humanity globally in complex ways that mainly include various socioeconomic consequences of life and property losses. Resilience against seismic risks is of high importance in the modern world and needs to be sustainable. Sustainable earthquake resilience (SER) from the perspective of structural engineering means equipping the built environment with appropriate aseismic systems. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of advanced materials well suited for fulfilling the SER demand of the built environment. This article explores how this capability can be realized by the innovative SMA-based superelasticity-assisted slider (SSS), recently proposed for next-generation seismic protection of structures. The versatility of SSS is first discussed as a critical advantage for an effective SER. Alternative configurations and implementation styles of the system are presented, and other advantageous features of this high-tech isolation system (IS) are studied. Results of shaking table experiments, focused on investigating the expected usefulness of SSS for seismic protection in hospitals and conducted at the structural earthquake engineering laboratory of the University of Bonab, are then reported. SSS is compared with currently used ISs, and it is shown that SSS provides the required SER for the built environments and outperforms other ISs by benefitting from the pioneered utilization of SMAs in a novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Narjabadifam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551395133, Iran
- Laboratory of Structural Earthquake Engineering (SEE-Lab), University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93405, USA
| | - Ertugrul Taciroglu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Behrokh Khoshnevis
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Contour Crafting Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA
| | - Donatello Cardone
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Basilicata, Italy
| | - Dipanjan Basu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Sanhe 065201, China
| | - Eltahry Elghandour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93405, USA
| | - Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- International Institute for Urban Systems Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Reza Lotfi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551395133, Iran
| | - Mahdi Chavoshi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551395133, Iran
| | - Davood Sattarian
- Laboratory of Structural Earthquake Engineering (SEE-Lab), University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran
| | - Orlando Fabio Stirnimann
- Department of Research and Development for Anti-Seismic Testing and Certification, Mageba SA, Solistrasse 68, 8180 Bülach, Switzerland
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Optimization of Synergetic Seismic and Energy Retrofitting Based on Timber Beams and Bio-Based Infill Panels: Application to an Existing Masonry Building in Switzerland. BUILDINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings12081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an optimization process for the design of a novel synergetic seismic and energy retrofitting strategy that combines the favorable mechanical properties of timber and the attractive thermal insulation properties of bio-based materials. The novel method, defined as Strong Thermal and Seismic Backs (STSB), comprises the attachment of timber frames and bio-based thermal insulation panels on the vertical envelope and the facade walls of existing masonry buildings, thus improving both the seismic behavior and the energy performance of these buildings. This strategy is integrated and visualized in a novel synergetic framework for the holistic evaluation of the seismic behavior, the energy performance and the carbon footprint of existing buildings, defined as the Seismic and Energy Retrofitting Scoreboard (SERS). The benefit of the novel retrofitting strategy is quantified based on the numerical simulation of the seismic behavior of an unreinforced masonry building located in Switzerland, an assessment of the energy performance of the building and an evaluation of the carbon footprint of the proposed retrofit solution. Three retrofitting alternatives are investigated for the synergetic seismic and energy retrofitting of the building, comprising timber beams and two different bio-based materials for the thermal insulation of the vertical envelope of the building: cork and recycled natural grass. The optimal seismic and energy retrofitting strategy for the building among the alternatives assessed in this study is chosen based on a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) procedure.
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