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Sakai R, Kondo H, Ishikawa K, Ohta T, Hiramatsu M, Tanaka H, Hori M. Effects of High-Quality Carbon Nanowalls Ionization-Assisting Substrates on Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:63. [PMID: 36615973 PMCID: PMC9823508 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) is performed using carbon nanowalls (CNWs) for ionization-assisting substrates. The CNWs (referred to as high-quality CNWs) in the present study were grown using a radical-injection plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RI-PECVD) system with the addition of oxygen in a mixture of CH4 and H2 gases. High-quality CNWs were different with respect to crystallinity and C-OH groups, while showing similar wall-to-wall distances and a wettability comparable to CNWs (referred to as normal CNWs) grown without O2. The efficiency of SALDI was tested with both parameters of ion intensity and fragmental efficiency (survival yield (SY)) using N-benzylpyridinuim chloride (N-BP-CI). At a laser fluence of 4 mJ/cm2, normal CNWs had an SY of 0.97 and an ion intensity of 0.13, while 5-sccm-O2- high-quality CNWs had an SY of 0.89 and an ion intensity of 2.55. As a result, the sensitivity for the detection of low-molecular-weight analytes was improved with the high-quality CNWs compared to the normal CNWs, while an SY of 0.89 was maintained at a low laser fluence of 4 mJ/cm2. SALDI-MS measurements available with the high-quality CNWs ionization-assisting substrate provided high ionization and SY values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Sakai
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kondo
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohta
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Mineo Hiramatsu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns as Boosting Surface for the Analysis of Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds by SALDI-MS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095027. [PMID: 35563418 PMCID: PMC9100638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Limits of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) in the study of small molecules are due to matrix-related interfering species in the low m/z range. Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNH) were here evaluated as a specific surface for the rapid analysis of amino acids and lipids by Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (SALDI). The method was optimized for detecting twenty amino acids, mainly present as cationized species, with the [M+K]+ response generally 2-time larger than the [M+Na]+ one. The [M+Na]+/[M+K]+ signals ratio was tentatively correlated with the molecular weight, dipole moment and binding affinity, to describe the amino acids’ coordination ability. The SWCNH-based surface was also tested for analyzing triglycerides in olive oil samples, showing promising results in determining the percentage composition of fatty acids without any sample treatment. Results indicated that SWCNH is a promising substrate for the SALDI-MS analysis of low molecular weight compounds with different polarities, enlarging the analytical platforms for MALDI applications.
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Sakai R, Ichikawa T, Kondo H, Ishikawa K, Shimizu N, Ohta T, Hiramatsu M, Hori M. Effects of Carbon Nanowalls (CNWs) Substrates on Soft Ionization of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Compoundsin Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SALDI-MS). NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020262. [PMID: 33498479 PMCID: PMC7909522 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanowalls (CNWs), which are vertically oriented multi-layer graphene sheets, were employed in surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) measurements to detect low-molecular-weight organic compounds. CNWs substrates with widely different wall-to-wall distances from 142 to 467 nm were synthesized using a radical-injection plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RI-PECVD) system with nanosecond pulse biasing to a sample stage. When survival yield (SY) values of N-benzylpyridinium chloride (N-BP-Cl) were examined, which is commonly used to evaluate desorption/ionization efficiency, a narrower wall-to-wall distance presented a higher SY value. The highest SY value of 0.97 was realized at 4 mJ/cm2 for the highest-density CNWs with a wall-to-wall distance of 142 nm. The laser desorption/ionization effect of arginine, an amino acid, was also investigated. When CNWs with a narrower wall-to-wall distance were used, the signal-to-noise (SN) ratios of the arginine signals were increased, while the intensity ratios of fragment ions to arginine signals were suppressed. Therefore, the CNWs nanostructures are a powerful tool when used as a SALDI substrate for the highly efficient desorption/ionization of low-molecular-weight biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Sakai
- Department of Electronics, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Ichikawa
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 7-44-1, Jindaiji, Higashi-machi, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8522, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Kondo
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (K.I.); (N.S.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-789-3461
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (K.I.); (N.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Naohiro Shimizu
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (K.I.); (N.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Takayuki Ohta
- Departmet of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan; (T.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Mineo Hiramatsu
- Departmet of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan; (T.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (K.I.); (N.S.); (M.H.)
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Chiang WH, Mariotti D, Sankaran RM, Eden JG, Ostrikov KK. Microplasmas for Advanced Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905508. [PMID: 31854023 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplasmas are low-temperature plasmas that feature microscale dimensions and a unique high-energy-density and a nonequilibrium reactive environment, which makes them promising for the fabrication of advanced nanomaterials and devices for diverse applications. Here, recent microplasma applications are examined, spanning from high-throughput, printing-technology-compatible synthesis of nanocrystalline particles of common materials types, to water purification and optoelectronic devices. Microplasmas combined with gaseous and/or liquid media at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure open new ways to form advanced functional materials and devices. Specific examples include gas-phase, substrate-free, plasma-liquid, and surface-supported synthesis of metallic, semiconducting, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanomaterials. Representative applications of microplasmas of particular importance to materials science and technology include light sources for multipurpose, efficient VUV/UV light sources for photochemical materials processing and spectroscopic materials analysis, surface disinfection, water purification, active electromagnetic devices based on artificial microplasma optical materials, and other devices and systems including the plasma transistor. The current limitations and future opportunities for microplasma applications in materials related fields are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - R Mohan Sankaran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7217, USA
| | - J Gary Eden
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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