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Iqbal MS, Sardar N, Peng K, Almutairi LA, Duan X, Tanvir F, Attia KA, Zeng G, Gu D. Association between CYP1A2 gene variants -163 C/A (rs762551) and -3860 G/A (rs2069514) and bladder cancer susceptibility. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:880. [PMID: 39039510 PMCID: PMC11262005 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BLCA) poses a significant global health challenge due to its high incidence, poor prognosis, and limited treatment options. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the association between two specific polymorphisms, CYP1A2-163 C/A and CYP1A2-3860G/A, within the Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene and susceptibility to BLCA. METHODS The study employed a case-control design, genotyping 340 individuals using Polymerase Chain Reaction-High-Resolution Melting Curve (PCR-HRM). Various genetic models were applied to evaluate allele and genotype frequencies. Genetic linkage analysis was facilitated using R packages. RESULTS The study reveals a significant association with the - 163 C/A allele, particularly in the additive model. Odds ratio (OR) analysis links CYP1A2-163 C/A (rs762551) and CYP1A2-3860G/A(rs2069514) polymorphisms to BLCA susceptibility. The rs762551 C/A genotype is prevalent in 55% of BLCA cases and exhibits an OR of 2.21. The A/A genotype has an OR of 1.54. Regarding CYP1A2-3860G/A, the G/A genotype has an OR of 1.54, and the A/A genotype has an OR of 2.08. Haplotype analysis shows a predominant C-C haplotype at 38.2%, followed by a C-A haplotype at 54.7%, and a less frequent A-A haplotype at 7.1%. This study underscores associations between CYP1A2 gene variants, particularly rs762551 (CYP1A2-163 C/A), and an increased susceptibility to BLCA. Haplotype analysis of 340 individuals reveals a predominant C-C haplotype at 38.2%, followed by a C-A haplotype at 54.7%, and a less frequent A-A haplotype at 7.1%. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the - 163 C/A allele, C/A genotype of rs762551, and G/A genotype of rs2069514 emerge as potential genetic markers associated with elevated BLCA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfaraz Iqbal
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nimra Sardar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Kaoqing Peng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Layla A Almutairi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xialo Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Pure and Applied Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gouhua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Nguyen H, Nguyen H, Tran D, Draghici S, Nguyen T. Fourteen years of cellular deconvolution: methodology, applications, technical evaluation and outstanding challenges. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4761-4783. [PMID: 38619038 PMCID: PMC11109966 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is a recent technology that allows for the measurement of the expression of all genes in each individual cell contained in a sample. Information at the single-cell level has been shown to be extremely useful in many areas. However, performing single-cell experiments is expensive. Although cellular deconvolution cannot provide the same comprehensive information as single-cell experiments, it can extract cell-type information from bulk RNA data, and therefore it allows researchers to conduct studies at cell-type resolution from existing bulk datasets. For these reasons, a great effort has been made to develop such methods for cellular deconvolution. The large number of methods available, the requirement of coding skills, inadequate documentation, and lack of performance assessment all make it extremely difficult for life scientists to choose a suitable method for their experiment. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive review of 53 deconvolution methods regarding their methodology, applications, performance, and outstanding challenges. More importantly, the article presents a benchmarking of all these 53 methods using 283 cell types from 30 tissues of 63 individuals. We also provide an R package named DeconBenchmark that allows readers to execute and benchmark the reviewed methods (https://github.com/tinnlab/DeconBenchmark).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ha Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Duc Tran
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sorin Draghici
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Advaita Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tin Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Kitahama K, Shigematsu Y, Amori G, Sugawara E, Yonese J, Shibahara J, Takeuchi K, Inamura K. RAS Family Gene Mutations, Clinicopathological Features, and Spread Patterns of Inverted Urothelial Papilloma of the Bladder. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:458-464. [PMID: 38145408 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Inverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) is a benign neoplasm characterized by a downgrowth of the urothelium beneath the surface of morphologically normal urothelial cells; however, the molecular features of IUP and their association with clinicopathological characteristics are unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mutational landscape, clinicopathological features, genotype-phenotype associations, and spread patterns of IUP. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing of 39 consecutive IUP cases, the largest series investigated to date, and identified oncogenic driver mutations in RAS family genes in 34 cases (87%). HRAS mutations were the most prevalent (28 cases), which included Q61R (15 cases), followed by KRAS (5 cases) and NRAS (1 case) mutations. Characteristic mutations observed in urothelial carcinoma, including those in FGFR3 , TP53 , or the TERT promoter, were absent. HRAS -mutated IUPs were associated with a history of smoking ( P = 0.017) and streaming morphology ( P < 0.001), corresponding to the trabecular subtype. In contrast, all KRAS -mutated IUPs occurred in never-smoking patients ( P = 0.001) and showed cystic changes in morphology ( P = 0.005), corresponding to the glandular subtype. RAS Q61R immunohistochemistry visually revealed the neoplastic nature of the overlying cells and distinct spread patterns of IUP cells within the surface, including pseudoinfiltrative spread. No recurrence or carcinoma development was observed in any of the IUP cases during the follow-up period. Thus, we confirmed the importance of RAS pathway activation in IUP pathogenesis, an association between RAS family gene mutations and IUP subtypes, and the spread patterns of IUP cells within the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Kitahama
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shigematsu
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital
| | - Gulanbar Amori
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital
| | - Emiko Sugawara
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital
| | - Junji Yonese
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital
| | - Junji Shibahara
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital
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Gill E, Perks CM. Mini-Review: Current Bladder Cancer Treatment-The Need for Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1557. [PMID: 38338835 PMCID: PMC10855537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer and is a significant burden on health care services worldwide, as it is one of the most costly cancers to treat per patient. This expense is due to the extensive treatment and follow-ups that occur with costly and invasive procedures. Improvement in both treatment options and the quality of life these interventions offer has not progressed at the rates of other cancers, and new alternatives are desperately needed to ease the burden. A more modern approach needs to be taken, with urinary biomarkers being a positive step in making treatments more patient-friendly, but there is still a long way to go to make these widely available and of a comparable standard to the current treatment options. New targets to hit the major signalling pathways that are upregulated in bladder cancer, such as the PI3K/AkT/mTOR pathway, are urgently needed, with only one drug approved so far, Erdafitinib. Immune checkpoint inhibitors also hold promise, with both PD-1 and CDLA-4 antibody therapies approved for use. They effectively block ligand/receptor binding to block the immune checkpoint used by tumour cells. Other avenues must be explored, including drug repurposing and novel biomarkers, which have revolutionised this area in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire M. Perks
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK;
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Carrasco R, Ingelmo-Torres M, Oriola J, Roldán FL, Rodríguez-Carunchio L, Herranz S, Mellado B, Alcaraz A, Izquierdo L, Mengual L. Assessment of aggressive bladder cancer mutations in plasma cell-free DNA. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1270962. [PMID: 38098507 PMCID: PMC10720633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1270962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneity of bladder cancer (BC) makes challenging to find specific drivers of metastatic disease, thus preventing to determine those BC patients at high risk of tumor progression. Our aim was to identify DNA mutations providing aggressive behavior to bladder tumors and analyze them in patients' cell-free DNA (cfDNA) during their follow-up after radical cystectomy (RC) in order to monitor tumor evolution. Methods Six BC patients who underwent RC and presented disease progression during their follow-up were included. Next-generation sequencing was used to determine somatic mutations in several primary tumor and metastatic specimens from each patient. Shared DNA mutations between primary bladder tumor and metastatic sites were identified in cfDNA samples through droplet digital PCR. Results Besides BC genetic heterogeneity, specific mutations in at least one of these genes -TERT, ATM, RB1, and FGFR3- were found in primary tumors and their metastases in all patients. These mutations were also identified in the patients' cfDNA at different follow-up time points. Additionally, the dynamic changes of these mutations in cfDNA allowed us to determine tumor evolution in response to treatment. Conclusion The analysis of BC mutations associated with poor prognosis in plasma cfDNA could be a valuable tool to monitor tumor evolution, thus improving the clinical management of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Carrasco
- Laboratori i Servei d’Urologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genètica i tumors urològics, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ingelmo-Torres
- Laboratori i Servei d’Urologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genètica i tumors urològics, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriola
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fiorella L. Roldán
- Laboratori i Servei d’Urologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genètica i tumors urològics, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Herranz
- Laboratori i Servei d’Urologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Mellado
- Servei d’Oncologia Mèdica, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Laboratori i Servei d’Urologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genètica i tumors urològics, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Izquierdo
- Laboratori i Servei d’Urologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genètica i tumors urològics, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mengual
- Laboratori i Servei d’Urologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genètica i tumors urològics, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Varchulová Nováková Z, Kuniaková M, Žiaran S, Harsányi Š. Molecular Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer: A Mini-Review. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S247-S256. [PMID: 37888968 PMCID: PMC10669948 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are quite common, but mostly very serious diseases and therefore belong to the most important areas of scientific research activity. Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies, it is a heterogeneous disease with significant diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic problems. It represents a disease with a variable course and a different response to therapy. The "conventional" prognostic markers used so far cannot reliably predict the natural course of the disease or estimate the tumor response to the chosen type of treatment. Molecular markers can provide us with the opportunity to diagnose a bladder tumor early, identify patients who are at risk of recurrence, or predict how tumors will respond to therapeutic approaches. As a result, diagnostics are found to help clinicians find the best therapeutic options for patients with bladder cancer. In this study, we focused on a brief description of potential molecular markers in bladder tumors in the context of precise diagnostics. Last but not least, we also focused on a new approach to the treatment of cancer using nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Varchulová Nováková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Kobayashi G, Hayashi T, Sentani K, Uraoka N, Fukui T, Kido A, Katsuya N, Ishikawa A, Babasaki T, Sekino Y, Nose H, Arihiro K, Hinata N, Oue N. MCM4 expression is associated with high-grade histology, tumor progression and poor prognosis in urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:106. [PMID: 37737200 PMCID: PMC10515259 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported Minichromosome maintenance 4 (MCM4) overexpression in gastric cancer. However, the clinicopathological significance of MCM4 in urothelial carcinoma (UC) has not been investigated. To clarify the clinicopathological significance of MCM4 in UC, we investigated MCM4 expression with immunohistochemistry (IHC). METHODS We analyzed the expression and distribution of MCM4 in 124 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) samples by IHC. Additionally, using 108 urine samples, we analyzed MCM4 Immunocytochemistry (ICC) expression in urine cytology. RESULTS In normal urothelium, MCM4 expression was weak or absent. Meanwhile, the strong nuclear expression of MCM4 was observed in UTUC tissues, and it was detected in 77 (62%) of a total of 124 UTUC cases. MCM4-positive UTUC cases were associated with nodular/flat morphology, high grade, high T stage, and poor prognosis. Moreover, MCM4 expression was significantly higher in the invasive front than in the tumor surface. Similar results were also obtained in TCGA bladder cancer cohort. Additionally, MCM4 expression was associated with high expression of Ki-67, HER2, EGFR, and p53 in UTUC. Among representative cancer-related molecules, MCM4 had an independent predictive value for progression-free survival and high-grade UC. ICC for MCM4 was also performed on urine cytology slides and showed that the nuclear expression of MCM4 was more frequently found in UC cells than in non-neoplastic cells. The diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology was improved by combining MCM4 immunostaining with cytology. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MCM4 might be a useful predictive biomarker for high-grade histology, tumor progression and poor prognosis in UC. Moreover, ICC for MCM4 might be helpful for UC detection as additional markers in the cytomorphology-based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, -2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Fukui
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Kido
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Narutaka Katsuya
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, -2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, -2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nose
- Department of Urology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, -2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kobayashi G, Hayashi T, Sentani K, Uraoka N, Fukui T, Kido A, Katsuya N, Ishikawa A, Babasaki T, Sekino Y, Nose H, Hinata N, Oue N. Clinicopathological significance of TUBB3 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma and possible application in urine cytology. Pathol Int 2023; 73:444-455. [PMID: 37589430 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
βIII-Tubulin, encoded by the TUBB3 gene, is a microtubule protein. We previously reported that TUBB3 is overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma. We investigated the clinicopathological significance of TUBB3 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) by immunohistochemistry. In normal tissue, TUBB3 expression was weak or absent. In contrast, TUBB3 overexpression was observed in urothelial carcinoma (UC) tissues in 51 (49%) of 103 UTUC cases. TUBB3 overexpression was associated with nodular/flat morphology, high-grade disease, high T stage, and a poor prognosis. Similar results were obtained in The Cancer Genome Atlas bladder cancer cohort. TUBB3 expression was also associated with high Ki-67 labeling index, CD44v9, HER2, EGFR, and p53 expression in UTUC. Among representative cancer-related molecules, TUBB3 was an independent predictor of progression-free survival and high-grade UC. Finally, using urine cytology samples, we analyzed TUBB3 expression by immunocytochemistry. TUBB3 expression was more frequently found in UC cells than in nonneoplastic cells. The diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology was improved when combined with TUBB3 immunostaining. The findings suggest the importance of TUBB3 in tumor progression and its potential application as a biomarker for high-grade disease and the prognosis of UC. Moreover, combination with TUBB3 immunostaining might improve the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Fukui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Kido
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Narutaka Katsuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nose
- Department of Urology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Chen C, Chao Y, Zhang C, Hu W, Huang Y, Lv Y, Liu B, Ji D, Liu M, Yang B, Jiang L, Liang Y, Zhang H, Yuan G, Ying X, Ji W. TROP2 translation mediated by dual m 6A/m 7G RNA modifications promotes bladder cancer development. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216246. [PMID: 37268280 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RNA modifications, including adenine methylation (m6A) of mRNA and guanine methylation (m7G) of tRNA, are crucial for the biological function of RNA. However, the mechanism underlying the translation of specific genes synergistically mediated by dual m6A/m7G RNA modifications in bladder cancer (BCa) remains unclear. We demonstrated that m6A methyltransferase METTL3-mediated programmable m6A modification of oncogene trophoblast cell surface protein 2 (TROP2) mRNA promoted its translation during malignant transformation of bladder epithelial cells. m7G methyltransferase METTL1 enhanced TROP2 translation by mediating m7G modification of certain tRNAs. TROP2 protein inhibition decreased the proliferation and invasion of BCa cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, synergistical knockout of METTL3/METTL1 inhibited BCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; however, TROP2 overexpression partially abrogated its effect. Furthermore, TROP2 expression was significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of METTL3 and METTL1 in BCa patients. Overall, our results revealed that METTL3/METTL1-mediated dual m6A/m7G RNA modifications enhanced TROP2 translation and promoted BCa development, indicating a novel RNA epigenetic mechanism in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yinghui Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yapeng Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bixia Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ding Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mingrui Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baotong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lujing Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yaomin Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Private Medical Service & Healthcare Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiaoling Ying
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Chan TC, Shiue YL, Li CF. The biological impacts of CEBPD on urothelial carcinoma development and progression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1123776. [PMID: 36776299 PMCID: PMC9914172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC), which includes urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Accordingly, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism governing UC development is compulsory. Aberrant CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD), a transcription factor, displays an oncogene or tumor suppressor depending on tumor type and microenvironments. However, CEBPD has been reported to possess a clear oncogenic function in UC through multiple regulation pathways. Genomic amplification of CEBPD triggered by MYC-driven genome instability is frequently examined in UC that drives CEBPD overexpression. Upregulated CEBPD transcriptionally suppresses FBXW7 to stabilize MYC protein and further induces hexokinase II (HK2)-related aerobic glycolysis that fuels cell growth. Apart from the MYC-dependent pathway, CEBPD also downregulates the level of hsa-miR-429 to enhance HK2-associated glycolysis and induce angiogenesis driven by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Additionally, aggressive UC is attributed to the tumor metastasis regulated by CEBPD-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) overexpression. Furthermore, elevated CEBPD induced by cisplatin (CDDP) is identified to have dual functions, namely, CDDP-induced chemotherapy resistance or drive CDDP-induced antitumorigenesis. Given that the role of CEBPD in UC is getting clear but pending a more systemic reappraisal, this review aimed to comprehensively discuss the underlying mechanism of CEBPD in UC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Chun Chan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Cancer Research, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Yow-Ling Shiue, ; Chien-Feng Li,
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Cancer Research, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Clinical Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Yow-Ling Shiue, ; Chien-Feng Li,
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11
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Friedrich V, Choi HW. The Urinary Microbiome: Role in Bladder Cancer and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092068. [PMID: 36140470 PMCID: PMC9497549 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbes have increasingly been found to be involved in the development and progression of cancer. The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome bolstered the notion that microbes might play a role in bladder cancer. Although microbial involvement in bladder neoplastic transformation and metastatic progression, except schisto somiasis, has not been established, accumulating research suggests that dysbiosis of the urinary microbiome can produce a chronically inflammatory urothelial microenvironment and lead to bladder cancer. In this review, we describe how the urinary microbiome might facilitate the development of bladder cancer by altering the host immune system and the kind of cytokines that are directly involved in these responses. We investigated the therapeutic possibilities of modulating the urinary microbiome, including immune checkpoint therapy. The responsiveness of patients to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy was evaluated with respect to microbiome composition. We conclude by noting that the application of microbes to orchestrate the inflammatory response in the bladder may facilitate the development of treatments for bladder cancer.
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12
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Sarafidis M, Lambrou GI, Zoumpourlis V, Koutsouris D. An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis towards the Identification of Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Key Biomarkers for Urinary Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143358. [PMID: 35884419 PMCID: PMC9319344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer is evidently a challenge as far as its prognosis and treatment are concerned. The investigation of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets is indispensable and still in progress. Most studies attempt to identify differential signatures between distinct molecular tumor subtypes. Therefore, keeping in mind the heterogeneity of urinary bladder tumors, we attempted to identify a consensus gene-related signature between the common expression profile of bladder cancer and control samples. In the quest for substantive features, we were able to identify key hub genes, whose signatures could hold diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic significance, but, primarily, could contribute to a better understanding of urinary bladder cancer biology. Abstract Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and accounts for high morbidity and mortality. This study intended to elucidate potential key biomarkers related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of BCa through an integrated bioinformatics analysis. In this context, a systematic meta-analysis, integrating 18 microarray gene expression datasets from the GEO repository into a merged meta-dataset, identified 815 robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The key hub genes resulted from DEG-based protein–protein interaction and weighted gene co-expression network analyses were screened for their differential expression in urine and blood plasma samples of BCa patients. Subsequently, they were tested for their prognostic value, and a three-gene signature model, including COL3A1, FOXM1, and PLK4, was built. In addition, they were tested for their predictive value regarding muscle-invasive BCa patients’ response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A six-gene signature model, including ANXA5, CD44, NCAM1, SPP1, CDCA8, and KIF14, was developed. In conclusion, this study identified nine key biomarker genes, namely ANXA5, CDT1, COL3A1, SPP1, VEGFA, CDCA8, HJURP, TOP2A, and COL6A1, which were differentially expressed in urine or blood of BCa patients, held a prognostic or predictive value, and were immunohistochemically validated. These biomarkers may be of significance as prognostic and therapeutic targets for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Sarafidis
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-772-2430
| | - George I. Lambrou
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 8 Thivon & Levadeias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 8 Thivon & Levadeias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Konstantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Koutsouris
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece;
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Kobayashi G, Hayashi T, Sentani K, Ikeda K, Babasaki T, Shigematsu Y, Sekino Y, Uraoka N, Teishima J, Matsubara A, Hinata N, Oue N. ANXA10 Expression Is Inversely Associated with Tumor Stage, Grade, and TP53 Expression in Upper and Lower Urothelial Carcinoma. Pathobiology 2022; 90:94-103. [PMID: 35780773 DOI: 10.1159/000524989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common type of malignant disease, but little is known about the diagnostic and prognostic markers of upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) because of its rarity. To clarify the significance of ANXA10 in UTUC, we studied ANXA10 expression with immunohistochemistry (IHC). METHODS The expression of ANXA10 was analyzed in the upper and lower urinary tract of UC by IHC in combination with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis. The association between ANXA10 expression and representative cancer-related molecules was also evaluated. RESULTS ANXA10 expression was weak in normal upper tract urothelium but was positive in 39/117 (33%) UTUCs. ANXA10 was more frequently positive in tumors with pure UC (36%, p < 0.05), papillary morphology (50%, p < 0.01), low grade (G1/2: 57%, p < 0.01), and pTa/is/1 stage (55%, p < 0.01) than in those with histological variants (0%), nodular morphology (9%), G3 (16%), and pT2/3/4 (13%), respectively. ANXA10-positive patients showed better cancer-specific survival and progression-free survival than ANXA10-negative patients (p < 0.05). IHC showed that ANXA10 positivity was detected more in cases with the low expression of TP53 (p < 0.01) and Ki-67 labeling index <20% (p < 0.01). In TCGA dataset of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, higher ANXA10 expression correlated with papillary morphology, lower grade/stage, luminal papillary subtype, wild-type TP53, and FGFR3 gene mutation. CONCLUSION We revealed that ANXA10 expression was increased during carcinogenesis and was observed more frequently in papillary UC of lower grade and stage. However, its expression decreased as cancer progressed. Therefore, the ANXA10 expression in UTUC might be clinically useful for decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shigematsu
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Uroplakin II as a single marker for luminal versus basal molecular subtypes in muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:397-403. [PMID: 35612672 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease classified into two broad molecular subtype categories, basal and luminal, with critical treatment and prognostic implications. Recent studies have shown the utility of immunohistochemistry in predicting bladder cancer molecular subtypes, with a two-marker approach using GATA3 and CK5/6 showing over 80% reliability. In the current study, we calculated the accuracy of uroplakin II (UPII), a marker of urothelial differentiation, with different scores (0: <1%, 1+: 1-10%, 2+: 10-50%, 3+: >50%) to predict RNA-based luminal versus basal subtypes in a cohort of muscle-invasive bladder cancer-received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy. The 1% cutoff of the UPII stain predicts the luminal subtype with the sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 56%, respectively. With a UPII cutoff of 10%, the sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 81%, respectively, and with a UPII cutoff of 50%, the sensitivity and specificity were 91% and 96%, respectively. The prediction performance of UPII was better than either GATA3 or CK5/6. There was no significant difference in prognoses between UPII 0-2+ and UPII 3+ patients in this cohort. The current study shows that evaluating the staining proportion score of UPII can accurately predict basal and luminal subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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15
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Chi Z, Balani J, Gopal P, Hammer S, Xu J, Peng L. GATA3 positivity is associated with poor prognosis in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2022:jclinpath-2021-208035. [PMID: 35039449 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-208035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a zinc finger transcription factor with diverse biological functions and is an excellent diagnostic marker for breast and urothelial carcinoma. We aimed to study GATA3 expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its significance with respect to histological features, clinical parameters and overall survival. METHODS We characterised GATA3 immunohistochemistry in 40 patients with oesophageal SCC. Electronic medical records were reviewed for clinical and follow-up information, as well as patient survival. RESULTS Eleven (28%) oesophageal SCC were positive for GATA3. The predominant stain patterns were patchy, with either mild or moderate intensities. Patients with GATA3-positive tumours showed significantly shorter overall survival than those with GATA3-negative tumours (p=0.023, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank test). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, GATA3 positivity was an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival (p=0.019, HR 5.671). Surgery, definitive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and initial clinical stage were confirmed as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the incidence of GATA3 positivity in oesophageal SCC and showed GATA3 positivity is associated with poor prognosis in oesophageal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Chi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jyoti Balani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Purva Gopal
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Suntrea Hammer
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Arista-Romero M, Cascante A, Fornaguera C, Borrós S. Role of Survivin in Bladder Cancer: Issues to Be Overcome When Designing an Efficient Dual Nano-Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111959. [PMID: 34834374 PMCID: PMC8618611 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 10th most diagnosed cancer, with almost 10 M cancer deaths last year worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy is widely used as adjuvant therapy after surgical transurethral resection. Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most promising drugs, but cancer cells acquire resistance, causing failure of this treatment and increasing the recurrence of the disease. This poor chemotherapeutic response has been associated with the overexpression of the protein survivin. In this work, we present a novel dual nano-treatment for bladder cancer based on the hypothesis that the inhibition of survivin in cancer cells, using a siRNA gene therapy strategy, could decrease their resistance to PTX. For this purpose, two different polymeric nanoparticles were developed to encapsulate PTX and survivin siRNA independently. PTX nanoparticles showed sizes around 150 nm, with a paclitaxel loading of around 1.5%, that produced sustained tumor cell death. In parallel, siRNA nanoparticles, with similar sizes and loading efficiency of around 100%, achieved the oligonucleotide transfection and knocking down of survivin expression that also resulted in tumor cell death. However, dual treatment did not show the synergistic effect expected. The root cause of this issue was found to be the cell cycle arrest produced by nuclear survivin silencing, which is incompatible with PTX action. Therefore, we concluded that although the vastly reported role of survivin in bladder cancer, its silencing does not sensitize cells to currently applied chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arista-Romero
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-R.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Anna Cascante
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-R.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
- Sagetis Biotech SL, Via Augusta 394, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fornaguera
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-R.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
- Sagetis Biotech SL, Via Augusta 394, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-R.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
- Sagetis Biotech SL, Via Augusta 394, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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17
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Gupta P, Kumar N, Garg M. Emerging roles of autophagy in the development and treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:787-797. [PMID: 34636265 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1992384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High recurrence rates, frequent surveillance strategies, and current multidisciplinary treatment approaches make urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) one of the most expensive cancers to clinically manage. Recent studies have demonstrated a role for autophagy in bladder tumorigenesis. It serves as a tumor suppressor by maintaining genomic integrity and preventing tumor proliferation during initial stages of tumor development. Nevertheless, once established, cancer cells may utilize protective autophagy to endure cellular stress and survive in the adverse environment. Its excessive stimulation supports cancer cells' resistance to therapeutic modalities. AREAS COVERED PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched for recently published studies. This review summarizes emerging roles of autophagy in development/progression of UCB and treatment resistance and explores novel therapeutic targets for prevention of cancer invasion, metastatic spread', and disease relapse. EXPERT OPINION The development of novel therapies via targeting of autophagy may augment current treatment regimens and improve clinical outcomes. Synthetic compounds or plant-based metabolites are reported to enhance cancer therapies by modulating autophagic flux. Successful autophagy-focused therapeutic intervention requires a mechanistic understanding of autophagic effects on tumor initiation and progression and the development of efficient biomarkers to monitor it in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratishtha Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Minal Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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18
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Dillon M, Lopez A, Lin E, Sales D, Perets R, Jain P. Progress on Ras/MAPK Signaling Research and Targeting in Blood and Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205059. [PMID: 34680208 PMCID: PMC8534156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is responsible for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Overexpression and overactivation of members within the signaling cascade have been observed in many solid and blood cancers. Research often focuses on targeting the pathway to disrupt cancer initiation and progression. We aimed to provide an overview of the pathway’s physiologic role and regulation, interactions with other pathways involved in cancer development, and mutations that lead to malignancy. Several blood and solid cancers are analyzed to illustrate the impact of the pathway’s dysregulation, stemming from mutation or viral induction. Finally, we summarized different approaches to targeting the pathway and the associated novel treatments being researched or having recently achieved approval. Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, consisting of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade, regulates genes that control cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Within the cascade, multiple isoforms of Ras and Raf each display differences in functionality, efficiency, and, critically, oncogenic potential. According to the NCI, over 30% of all human cancers are driven by Ras genes. This dysfunctional signaling is implicated in a wide variety of leukemias and solid tumors, both with and without viral etiology. Due to the strong evidence of Ras-Raf involvement in tumorigenesis, many have attempted to target the cascade to treat these malignancies. Decades of unsuccessful experimentation had deemed Ras undruggable, but recently, the approval of Sotorasib as the first ever KRas inhibitor represents a monumental breakthrough. This advancement is not without novel challenges. As a G12C mutant-specific drug, it also represents the issue of drug target specificity within Ras pathway; not only do many drugs only affect single mutational profiles, with few pan-inhibitor exceptions, tumor genetic heterogeneity may give rise to drug-resistant profiles. Furthermore, significant challenges in targeting downstream Raf, especially the BRaf isoform, lie in the paradoxical activation of wild-type BRaf by BRaf mutant inhibitors. This literature review will delineate the mechanisms of Ras signaling in the MAPK pathway and its possible oncogenic mutations, illustrate how specific mutations affect the pathogenesis of specific cancers, and compare available and in-development treatments targeting the Ras pathway.
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Abdelzaher Ahmed E, Abdel Bary Abdel-Latif A, Fahmy AM, Elzarrouk Mania I. Differential lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) expression confers aggressiveness and independently predicts recurrence in bladder urothelial carcinomas. J Histotechnol 2021; 44:196-205. [PMID: 34378492 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2021.1924971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bladder urothelial carcinomas are diverse in terms of biological behavior and this reflects the underlying complex metabolic and molecular pathways. Novel biomarkers that could assist in the management and outcome prediction of bladder urothelial carcinomas are eagerly needed. Recently, overexpression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, has been implicated in the evolvement of several tumors. In this study, LPCAT1 immunohistochemical expression was evaluated and statistically analyzed in 60 bladder urothelial carcinomas in relation to other clinicopathological parameters including the patient outcome. Twenty non-neoplastic bladder tissues served as a control group. Cases were followed up for a mean period of 9 months. LPCAT1 was expressed in all bladder urothelial carcinoma cases with two distinct patterns designated as high and low nuclear expression. Low LPCAT1 nuclear expression was detected in urothelial carcinoma cases as compared to the control group. Similarly, low nuclear expression of LPCAT1 was associated with high grade and invasive tumors and could independently predict tumor recurrence and short survival. In conclusion, LPCAT1 downregulation might be involved in bladder urothelial carcinoma tumorigenesis and could contribute to tumor aggressive phenotype. Retained LPCAT1 expression is an independent predictor of tumor recurrence and it represents a promising prognostic marker for patients' risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelzaher Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Mahmoud Fahmy
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Tang H, Li X, Huang C, Liu Z, Zhou F, Wang X, Li Y. CircCA12 Promotes Malignant Process via Sponging miR-1184 and Upregulating RAS Family in Bladder Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:663982. [PMID: 34234808 PMCID: PMC8257087 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.663982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a panel of non-coding RNAs that mediate the regulation of gene expression, as well as pathological responses. Nonetheless, the function and expression pattern of circRNAs in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) remain unclear. Herein, we examined the function of circCA12 in UBC development. qRT-PCR results demonstrated remarkable circCA12 upregulation in UBC cell lines, as well as tissues. CCK-8, colony formation, and xenograft assays were employed to determine the effect of circCA12 on UBC. Our data illustrated silencing circCA12 repressed the proliferation along with the colony-formation capability of UBC cells. The migration and metastasis potential of UBC cells were remarkably abated in vivo, as well as in vitro after transfection with si-cirCA12 or sh-circCA12. Moreover, luciferase reporter and RIP assays indicated that circCA12 binds to miRNA-1184 through sponging miRNA, thereby up-regulating the expression of RAS family genes (NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS). In conclusion, the circCA12/miRNA-1184/RAS family was identified as a regulatory axis in UBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancheng Tang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaowen Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Reproductive Center of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Cystoscopic examination remains the gold standard technique for initial diagnosis of bladder cancer (BCa). Despite significant progress in enhanced cystoscopic techniques, blue light cystoscopy and narrow band imaging are the only ones well supported by high-level evidence and, if available, should be used during initial staging of BCa. Multiparametric MRI could be an important imaging tool in local staging of BCa. With ever-expanding targeted therapy and immunotherapy options in both muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive BCa, molecular subtyping could become an essential part of initial histologic staging in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ahmadi
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 7416, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vinay Duddalwar
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Siamak Daneshmand
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 7416, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Institute of Urology, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 7416, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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22
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Barani M, Hosseinikhah SM, Rahdar A, Farhoudi L, Arshad R, Cucchiarini M, Pandey S. Nanotechnology in Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2214. [PMID: 34063088 PMCID: PMC8125468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer of the urinary tract in men and the fourth most common cancer in women, and its incidence rises with age. There are many conventional methods for diagnosis and treatment of BC. There are some current biomarkers and clinical tests for the diagnosis and treatment of BC. For example, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and surgical, but residual tumor cells mostly cause tumor recurrence. In addition, chemotherapy after transurethral resection causes high side effects, and lack of selectivity, and low sensitivity in sensing. Therefore, it is essential to improve new procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of BC. Nanotechnology has recently sparked an interest in a variety of areas, including medicine, chemistry, physics, and biology. Nanoparticles (NP) have been used in tumor therapies as appropriate tools for enhancing drug delivery efficacy and enabling therapeutic performance. It is noteworthy, nanomaterial could be reduced the limitation of conventional cancer diagnosis and treatments. Since, the major disadvantages of therapeutic drugs are their insolubility in an aqueous solvent, for instance, paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the important therapeutic agents utilized to treating BC, due to its ability to prevent cancer cell growth. However, its major problem is the poor solubility, which has confirmed to be a challenge when improving stable formulations for BC treatment. In order to reduce this challenge, anti-cancer drugs can be loaded into NPs that can improve water solubility. In our review, we state several nanosystem, which can effective and useful for the diagnosis, treatment of BC. We investigate the function of metal NPs, polymeric NPs, liposomes, and exosomes accompanied therapeutic agents for BC Therapy, and then focused on the potential of nanotechnology to improve conventional approaches in sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran;
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran; (S.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Leila Farhoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran; (S.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Particulate Matter Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), 187-12, Geumho-ro, Gwangyang-si 57801, Korea
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23
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Zhou C, Li AH, Liu S, Sun H. Identification of an 11-Autophagy-Related-Gene Signature as Promising Prognostic Biomarker for Bladder Cancer Patients. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050375. [PMID: 33925460 PMCID: PMC8146553 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Human bladder cancer, one of the most common cancers worldwide, is a molecularly heterogenous and complex disease. Identifying novel prognostic biomarkers and establishing new predictive signatures are important for personalized medicine and effective treatment of bladder cancer patients. Autophagy, a cell self-maintenance process that removes damaged organelles and misfolded proteins, displays both tumor promotion and suppression activities. The aim of our study is to investigate the function of autophagy-related genes in bladder cancer with the main focus on their contribution to prognostic outcome. By analyzing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified 32 autophagy-related genes that were highly associated with overall survival of bladder cancer patients. Further statistical assessment established an 11-autophagy-related-gene signature as an effective prognostic biomarker to predict the survival outcomes of bladder cancer patients. Abstract Background: Survival rates for highly invasive bladder cancer (BC) patients have been very low, with a 5-year survival rate of 6%. Accurate prediction of tumor progression and survival is important for diagnosis and therapeutic decisions for BC patients. Our study aims to develop an autophagy-related-gene (ARG) signature that helps to predict the survival of BC patients. Methods: RNA-seq data of 403 BC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma (TCGA-BLCA) database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify overall survival (OS)-related ARGs. The Lasso Cox regression model was applied to establish an ARG signature in the TCGA training cohort (N = 203). The performance of the 11-gene ARG signature was further evaluated in a training cohort and an independent validation cohort (N = 200) using Kaplan-Meier OS curve analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, as well as univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Our study identified an 11-gene ARG signature that is significantly associated with OS, including APOL1, ATG4B, BAG1, CASP3, DRAM1, ITGA3, KLHL24, P4HB, PRKCD, ULK2, and WDR45. The ARGs-derived high-risk bladder cancer patients exhibited significantly poor OS in both training and validation cohorts. The prognostic model showed good predictive efficacy, with the area under the ROC curve (AUCs) for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival of 0.702 (0.695), 0.744 (0.640), and 0.794 (0.658) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. A prognostic nomogram, which included the ARGs-derived risk factor, age and stage for eventual clinical translation, was established. Conclusion: We identified a novel ARG signature for risk-stratification and robust prediction of overall survival for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(646)-754-9459
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24
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Golijanin B, Gershman B, De Souza A, Kott O, Carneiro BA, Mega A, Golijanin DJ, Amin A. p53 Expression, Programmed Death Ligand 1, and Risk Factors in Urinary Tract Small Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:651754. [PMID: 33968753 PMCID: PMC8101844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.651754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Small cell carcinoma of the urinary tract (SCCUT) is a rare finding with poor clinical course. This study sheds light on the molecular subtype and identifies risk factors in patients diagnosed with SCCUT. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of immunotherapy target programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and luminal (GATA3), basal (p63), and p53 markers are assessed in patients diagnosed with SCCUT. Univariate analysis identified risk factors. Overall survival (OS) is computed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: Tissue was available for 70.2% (33/47). All showed a high PD-L1 expression phenotype. p53 is seen in 93.9% (31/33), mostly as overexpression, GATA3 in 45.5% (15/33), and p63 in 57.6% (19/33). For the entire cohort (n = 47), 1-year survival was 59.6%, and the median OS was 17 months. Univariate analysis shows that chemotherapy [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.14–0.61, p = 0.001], radical surgery (HR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18–0.76, p = 0.007), and diagnosis of non-pure SCCUT (HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.22–0.86, p = 0.02) are favorable prognostic features. Metastasis had negative associations with survival (HR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1–4.2, p = 0.03). Conclusions: In this series, pure and mixed SCCUT are characterized by p53 overexpression and a high PD-L1 phenotype. Histology of non-pure SCCUT is a positive prognosticator, and radical cystectomy or chemotherapy can improve OS. These findings demonstrate that SCCUT may be eligible for PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borivoj Golijanin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Urology Department, Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Boris Gershman
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andre De Souza
- Oncology Department, Lifespan Cancer Institute, The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ohad Kott
- Urology Department, Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- Oncology Department, Lifespan Cancer Institute, The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anthony Mega
- Oncology Department, Lifespan Cancer Institute, The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dragan J Golijanin
- Urology Department, Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ali Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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25
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Albisinni S, Martinez Chanza N, Aoun F, Diamand R, Mjaess G, Azzo JM, Esperto F, Bellmunt J, Roumeguère T, DE Nunzio C. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for BCG-resistant NMIBC: the dawn of a new era. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2021; 73:292-298. [PMID: 33781027 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.21.04309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a recurring and potentially lethal disease. To date, with the exception of radical surgery, there are no validated strategies for patients not responding to intravesical BCG therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are currently being tested for BCG-resistant NMIBC. We report current available data and ongoing trials exploring the efficacy and safety of ICI in this setting. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A narrative search was performed including the combination of the following words: ("immunotherapy") AND ("BCG" AND "resistant" OR "non-muscle AND invasive") AND ("bladder AND "cancer"). Three search engines: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were queried up to November 1, 2020. Congress abstracts reporting results and not only trials' design were also referenced. The US National Library of Medicine was queried via clinicaltrials.gov to explore ongoing trials on the subject. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Pembrolizumab demonstrated a promising 40.6% (95% CI: 30.7-51.1) complete response within the KEYNOTE-057, with a median duration of response of 16.2 months. Preliminary data in the phase II SWOG S1605 trial with atezolizumab showed a 41.1% complete response at 3 months. Avelumab is being tested in the PREVERT phase II study exploring ICI with radiotherapy (60-66 Gy) of the whole bladder. CheckMate 9UT analyzes nivolumab monotherapy versus nivolumab + BMS-986205 (IDO-1 inhibitor) with or without BCG in patients with BCG-unresponsive, carcinoma in situ with or without papillary component. Finally, durvalumab is being studied in the BCG resistant space with radiotherapy in the ADAPT-BLADDER study. After proving its safety profile in the phase 1, the trial will randomize patients to durvalumab + BCG, durvalumab + radiation therapy (6Gy 3×) or BCG rechallenge. CONCLUSIONS Pembrolizumab has received FDA approval in the treatment of BCG-resistant NMIBC. All five other ICI molecules are currently being extensively tested within clinical trials. The results of the currently ongoing studies are awaited with impatience by the uro-oncologic community and will probably open a new era in the treatment of BCG-resistant NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Albisinni
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium -
| | - Nieves Martinez Chanza
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Brussels, Erasme Hospital and Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fouad Aoun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Diamand
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Mjaess
- Department of Urology, Hotel Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beyrouth, Liban
| | - Jean-Michel Azzo
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thierry Roumeguère
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cosimo DE Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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26
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Kałuzińska Ż, Kołat D, Kośla K, Orzechowska M, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. In vitro and in silico assessment of the effect of WWOX expression on invasiveness pathways associated with AP-2 transcription factors in bladder cancer. BMC Urol 2021; 21:36. [PMID: 33691672 PMCID: PMC7944886 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WW Domain Containing Oxidoreductase (WWOX) belongs to the unusual tumor suppressors, whose molecular function is not fully understood in bladder cancer, especially regarding interaction with Activator Protein 2 (AP-2) α/γ transcription factors. Thus, using lentiviral systems we created an in vitro model overexpressing or downregulating WWOX in CAL-29 cell line to assess invasiveness pathways. Surprisingly, while WWOX overexpression was accompanied with increased expression of both AP-2 factors, its downregulation only affected AP-2α level but not AP-2γ which remained high. METHODS Using cellular models and unpaired t-test or Wilcoxon test, we investigated significant changes in biological processes: clonogenicity, extracellular matrix adhesion, metalloproteinases activity, 3D culture growth, proliferation, mitochondrial redox potential and invasiveness. Relative gene expression acquired through Real-Time qPCR has been analyzed by Welch's t-test. Additionally, using oncoprint analysis we distinguished groups for bioinformatics analyzes in order to perform a follow-up of in vitro experiments. RESULTS Downregulation of WWOX in bladder cancer cell line intensified ability of single cell to grow into colony, mitochondrial redox potential and proliferation rate. Moreover, these cells shown elevated pro-MMP-2/9 activity but reduced adhesion to collagen I or laminin I, as well as distinct 3D culture growth. Through global in silico profiling we determined that WWOX alters disease-free survival of bladder cancer patients and modulates vital processes through AP-2 downstream effectors. CONCLUSIONS Our research indicates that WWOX possesses tumor suppressor properties in bladder cancer but consecutive examination is required to entirely understand the contribution of AP-2γ or AP-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orzechowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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27
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Tan S, Kang Y, Li H, He HQ, Zheng L, Wu SQ, Ai K, Zhang L, Xu R, Zhang XZ, Zhao XK, Zhu X. circST6GALNAC6 suppresses bladder cancer metastasis by sponging miR-200a-3p to modulate the STMN1/EMT axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:168. [PMID: 33568625 PMCID: PMC7876104 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is an aggressive malignancy because of its distant metastasis and high recurrence rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert critical regulatory functions in cancer progression. However, the expression patterns and roles of circRNAs in BCa have not been well investigated. In this study, we first screened circRNA expression profiles using a circRNA microarray of paired BCa and normal tissues, and the expression of circST6GALNAC6 was confirmed by qRT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). MTT, colony formation and Transwell assays were performed to measure cell proliferation, migration and invasion. We investigated the regulatory effect of circST6GALNAC6 on miRNA and its target genes to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of circST6GALNAC6 by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), MS2-tagged RNA affinity purification (MS2-TRAP), immunofluorescence (IF) and dual luciferase activity assays. A nude mouse xenograft model was used to examine the functions of circST6GALNAC6/STMN1 in tumour metastasis in vivo. We found that 881 circRNAs were significantly dysregulated in BCa tissues compared to normal tissues. circST6GALNAC6(hsa_circ_0088708) was downregulated in BCa tissues and cells. Overexpression of circST6GALNAC6 effectively inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and suppressed BCa metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that the SP1 transcription factor, which binds to the circST6GALNAC6 mRNA transcript, activates circST6GALNAC6 transcription. Next, we verified that circST6GALNAC6 serves as a sponge that directly binds miR-200a-3p to regulate stathmin (STMN1) expression. Furthermore, we found that STMN1 is involved in circST6GALNAC6/miR-200a-3p axis-regulated BCa EMT and metastasis. Thus, our findings indicate an important underlying mechanism in BCa metastasis by which SP1-induced circST6GALNAC6 sponges miR-200a-3p to promote STMN1/EMT signalling. This mechanism could provide pivotal potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tan
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Ye Kang
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Hai-Qing He
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Long Zheng
- Department of Urology, An Xiang Xian People's Hospital, Anxiang, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Shui-Qing Wu
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Kai Ai
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Xuan-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Urology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P R China.
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28
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Tao L, Mu X, Chen H, Jin D, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Fan J, Cao M, Zhou Z. FTO modifies the m6A level of MALAT and promotes bladder cancer progression. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e310. [PMID: 33634966 PMCID: PMC7851431 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly a half million people around the world are diagnosed with bladder cancer each year, and an incomplete understanding of its pathogenicity and lack of efficient biomarkers having been discovered lead to poor clinical management of bladder cancer. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is a critical player in carcinogenesis. We, here, explored the role of FTO and unraveled the mechanism of its function in bladder cancer. METHODS Identification of the correlation of FTO with bladder cancer was based on both bioinformatics and clinical analysis of tissue samples collected from a cohort of patients at a hospital and microarray data. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays were conducted in vivo and in vitro to assess the effect of FTO on bladder carcinoma tumor growth and its impact on the bladder carcinoma cell viability. Moreover, the interactions of intermediate products were also investigated to elucidate the mechanisms of FTO function. RESULTS Bladder tumor tissues had increased FTO expression which correlated with clinical bladder cancer prognosis and outcomes. Both in vivo and in vitro, it played the function of an oncogene in stimulating the cell viability and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer. Furthermore, FTO catalyzed metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) demethylation, regulated microRNA miR-384 and mal T cell differentiation protein 2 (MAL2) expression, and modulated the interactions among these processes. CONCLUSIONS The interplay of these four clinically relevant factors contributes to the oncogenesis of bladder cancer. FTO facilitates the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer through regulating the MALAT/miR-384/MAL2 axis in m6A RNA modification manner, which ensures the potential of FTO for serving as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tao
- Department of UrologyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xingyu Mu
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haige Chen
- Department of UrologyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Di Jin
- Department of UrologyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Department of UrologyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of UrologyShanghai General HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of UrologyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Department of UrologyMenchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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29
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Peng M, Xiao D, Bu Y, Long J, Yang X, Lv S, Yang X. Novel Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:539527. [PMID: 33585182 PMCID: PMC7873600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.539527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the ninth most frequently diagnosed cancer world-wide and ranks 13th in cancer-related deaths. Two tremendous breakthroughs in bladder cancer therapy over the last decades are the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)and the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (FGFR-TKI) erdafitinib for treating this deadly disease. Despite the beneficial effects of these approaches, the low response rate and the potential resistance of the cancer are major concerns. Hence, novel combination therapies to overcome these limitations have been investigated. In this context, combining immunotherapy with targeted drugs is an appealing therapeutic option to improve response and reduce the emergence of resistance in the management of bladder cancer. In this review, the rationale of using different therapeutic combinations is discussed according to the mechanistic differences, emphasizing the efficacy and safety based on evidence collected from preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, we highlight the limitations of these combinations and provide suggestions for further efforts in this challenging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yizhi Bu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Long
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhe Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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30
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In Vitro Spectroscopy-Based Profiling of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Imaging Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010123. [PMID: 33401726 PMCID: PMC7796146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mortality and recurrence associated with urothelial carcinoma are high. High heterogeneity makes it hard to detect with currently available methods such as cytology and histology. We propose here vibrational spectroscopic imaging as an additional diagnostic tool for the classification of bladder cancer. Our study revealed that chemism-induced spectroscopic features of the cancer cells of various stages and invasiveness were specifically detected. Abstract Markers of bladder cancer cells remain elusive, which is a major cause of the low recognition of this malignant neoplasm and its recurrence. This implies an urgent need for additional diagnostic tools which are based on the identification of the chemism of bladder cancer. In this study, we employed label-free techniques of molecular imaging—Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging—to investigate bladder cancer cell lines of various invasiveness (T24a, T24p, HT-1376, and J82). The urothelial HCV-29 cell line was the healthy control. Specific biomolecules discriminated spatial distribution of the nucleus and cytoplasm and indicated the presence of lipid bodies and graininess in some cell lines. The most prominent discriminators are the total content of lipids and sugar moieties as well as the presence of glycogen and other carbohydrates, un/saturated lipids, cytochromes, and a level of S-S bridges in proteins. The combination of the obtained hyperspectral database and chemometric methods showed a clear differentiation of each cell line at the level of the nuclei and cytoplasm and pointed out spectral signals which differentiated bladder cancer cells. Registered spectral markers correlated with biochemical composition changes can be associated with pathogenesis and potentially used for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and response to experimental therapies.
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Long T, Li X, Zhang G, Qiu C, Huan O, Sun C, Yang Y. Single nucleotide polymorphism mutation related genes in bladder cancer for the treatment of patients: a study based on the TCGA database. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1864231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tengyun Long
- Department of Urology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Guofei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Chunming Qiu
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ouyang Huan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Afiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Canbiao Sun
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
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MicroRNA‑34a‑5p serves as a tumor suppressor by regulating the cell motility of bladder cancer cells through matrix metalloproteinase‑2 silencing. Oncol Rep 2020; 45:911-920. [PMID: 33650650 PMCID: PMC7859909 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC), a common urologic cancer, is the fifth most frequently diagnosed tumor worldwide. hsa-miR-34a displays antitumor activity in several types of cancer. However, the functional mechanisms underlying hsa-miR-34a in BC remains largely unknown. We observed that hsa-mir-34a levels were significantly and negatively associated with clinical disease stage as well as regional lymph node metastasis in human BC. In a series of in vitro investigations, overexpression of hsa-miR-34a inhibited cell migration and invasion in BC cell lines 5637 and UMUC3 as detected by Transwell assays. We further found that hsa-miR-34a inhibited cell migration and invasion by silencing matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression and thus interrupting MMP-2-mediated cell motility. Our analysis of BC datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed a negative correlation between hsa-miR-34a and MMP-2. Moreover, higher MMP-2 protein expression was observed in the BC tissues when compared with that noted in the normal tissue. MMP-2 levels were also significantly associated with clinical disease stage and poor survival rate in human BC. These findings indicate that MMP-2 plays a critical role in regulating BC progression. Therefore, hsa-miR-34a is a promising treatment to target MMP-2 for the prevention and inhibition of cell migration and invasion in BC.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling, especially induced by FGFR3, is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of urothelial carcinoma and was therefore extensively studied over the last decades. In this review, we summarize the most relevant findings of the past two years. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies support the concept that FGFR3 mediates a pathway of urothelial carcinogenesis associated with low malignant potential. FGFR3 may represent a highly accurate biomarker for diagnosis and prediction of recurrence, progression or therapy response. The pan FGFR-inhibitor erdafitinib was recently approved for urothelial carcinoma, whereas several other FGFR-targeted drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials. SUMMARY Numerous recent studies focus on the role of FGFR3 in different urothelial carcinoma subtypes and its potential clinical application as noninvasive biomarker, as well as therapeutic target.
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Gürbüz BÇ, Topal CS, Sobay R, Alkurt G, Zemheri IE. Molecular and immunohistochemical evaluation of BAP-1 antibody in bladder cancer and comparison with luminal-basal subtyping. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 217:153308. [PMID: 33341088 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Molecular subtyping has become increasingly important in bladder cancer, and it is mainly divided into "luminal" and "basal" types. Despite the large amount of studies about the molecular pathway of bladder cancer, there are few studies about BAP-1. The aim of this study is to evaluate the BAP-1 expression molecularly and immunohistochemically and compare it with GATA-3 and CK5/6 immunohistochemical stains. MATERIALS AND METHOD A BAP-1 antibody was applied by western blotting to the tumor and normal tissues of 11 patients with known primary bladder tumors. The paraffin blocks of 150 non-invasive and 150 invasive tumor tissues were selected from transurethral resection materials. BAP-1, GATA-3, and CK5/6 immunohistochemical stains were applied to them, and the results were evaluated. RESULTS The protein expression levels of BAP-1 increased more in the tumor tissues compared to the normal tissues. The immunohistochemical BAP-1 expression was strong in the muscle-invasive group. The immunohistochemical GATA-3 expression was higher in the non-invasive group, and the CK5/6 expression was higher in the muscle-invasive group. The GATA-3 and CK5/6 immunohistochemical stains had a negative correlation in the muscle-invasive group. The immunohistochemical expression of BAP-1 had no correlation with GATA-3 and CK5/6 in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Molecular subtyping has become increasingly important in bladder cancer and it is mainly divided into "luminal" and "basal" type. Despite the large amount of studies about molecular pathway of the bladder cancer, there are a few studies about BAP-1. The aim of this study is to evaluate the BAP-1 expression molecularly and immunohistochemically and compare it with GATA-3 and CK5/6 immunohistochemical stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Çalım Gürbüz
- Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Pathology Department, Elmalıkent Mahallesi, Adem Yavuz Caddesi, 34764, Ümraniye Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Patoloji Bölümü, Ümraniye, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cumhur Selçuk Topal
- Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Pathology Department, Elmalıkent Mahallesi, Adem Yavuz Caddesi, 34764, Ümraniye Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Patoloji Bölümü, Ümraniye, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Resul Sobay
- Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Elmalıkent Mahallesi, Adem Yavuz Caddesi, 34764, Ümraniye Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Üroloji Bölümü, Ümraniye, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Alkurt
- Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Genomic Laboratory (GLAB), Elmalıkent Mahallesi, Adem Yavuz Caddesi, 34764, Ümraniye Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, GLAB, Ümraniye, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Itır Ebru Zemheri
- Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Pathology Department, Elmalıkent Mahallesi, Adem Yavuz Caddesi, 34764, Ümraniye Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Patoloji Bölümü, Ümraniye, İstanbul, Turkey
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Qin Y, Zhang W, Sun X, Nan S, Wei N, Wu HJ, Zheng X. Deconvolution of heterogeneous tumor samples using partial reference signals. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008452. [PMID: 33253170 PMCID: PMC7728196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deconvolution of heterogeneous bulk tumor samples into distinct cellular populations is an important yet challenging problem, particularly when only partial references are available. A common approach to dealing with this problem is to deconvolve the mixed signals using available references and leverage the remaining signal as a new cell component. However, as indicated in our simulation, such an approach tends to over-estimate the proportions of known cell types and fails to detect novel cell types. Here, we propose PREDE, a partial reference-based deconvolution method using an iterative non-negative matrix factorization algorithm. Our method is verified to be effective in estimating cell proportions and expression profiles of unknown cell types based on simulated datasets at a variety of parameter settings. Applying our method to TCGA tumor samples, we found that proportions of pure cancer cells better indicate different subtypes of tumor samples. We also detected several cell types for each cancer type whose proportions successfully predicted patient survival. Our method makes a significant contribution to deconvolution of heterogeneous tumor samples and could be widely applied to varieties of high throughput bulk data. PREDE is implemented in R and is freely available from GitHub (https://xiaoqizheng.github.io/PREDE). Tumor tissues are mixtures of different cell types. Identification and quantification of constitutional cell types within tumor tissues are important tasks in cancer research. The problem can be readily solved using regression-based methods if reference signals are available. But in most clinical applications, only partial references are available, which significantly reduces the deconvolution accuracy of the existing regression-based methods. In this paper, we propose a partial-reference based deconvolution model, PREDE, integrating the non-negative matrix factorization framework with an iterative optimization strategy. We conducted comprehensive evaluations for PREDE using both simulation and real data analyses, demonstrating better performance of our method than other existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Qin
- College of Information Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Fisheries Information Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Nan
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Wei
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Jun Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Vitti Gambim V, Laufer-Amorim R, Fonseca Alves RH, Grieco V, Fonseca-Alves CE. A Comparative Meta-Analysis and in silico Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins in Canine and Human Bladder Cancer. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:558978. [PMID: 33304937 PMCID: PMC7701042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.558978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine and human bladder cancer present similar anatomical, morphological, and molecular characteristics, and dogs can be considered a model for human bladder cancer. However, the veterinary literature lacks information regarding cross-validation analysis between human and canine large-scale data. Therefore, this research aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the canine literature on bladder cancer, identifying genes and proteins previously evaluated in these studies. In addition, we also performed a cross-validation of the canine transcriptome data and the human data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify potential markers for both species. The meta-analysis was performed using the following indexing terms: “bladder” AND “carcinoma” AND “dog” in different international databases, and 385 manuscripts were identified in our initial search. Then, several inclusion criteria were applied, and only 25 studies met these criteria. Among these studies, five presented transcriptome data, and 20 evaluated only isolated genes or proteins. Regarding the studies involving isolated protein analysis, the HER-2 protein was the most studied (3/20), followed by TAG-72 (2/20), COX-2 (2/20), survivin (2/20), and CK7 (2/20), and the remaining nine studies evaluated one isolated protein each. Regarding the cross-validation analysis of human and canine transcriptome data, we identified 35 dysregulated genes, including ERBB2, TP53, EGFR, and E2F2. Our results demonstrate that the canine literature on bladder cancer previously focused on the evaluation of isolated markers with no association with patient survival. This limitation may be related to the lack of a homogenous protocol for treating patients and the lack of follow-up during treatment. In addition, the lack of information regarding tumor muscle invasion can be considered an important limitation when comparing human and canine bladder tumors. Our in silico analysis involving canine and human transcriptome data provided several genes with the potential to be markers for both human and canine bladder tumors, and these genes should be considered for future studies on canine bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vitti Gambim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Renee Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru, Brazil
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Roubal K, Myint ZW, Kolesar JM. Erdafitinib: A novel therapy for FGFR-mutated urothelial cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020; 77:346-351. [PMID: 32073123 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxz329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene alterations and the pharmacology, clinical effectiveness, dosage and administration, cost, and place in therapy of erdafitinib in bladder cancer. SUMMARY Erdafitinib (Balversa, Janssen Pharmaceuticals) is a novel pan-FGFR inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of patients with advanced urothelial cancer with specific FGFR genetic alterations who have received at least one prior platinum-containing regimen. Erdafitinib binding to the FGFR2 and FGFR3 receptors inhibits FGF activity, resulting in cell death. Erdafitinib is available in tablet form, and the current recommended daily dosing is 8 mg, with dose escalation to 9 mg after 14 to 21 days of therapy if tolerated. A phase 2 clinical trial demonstrated that patients who received erdafitinib experienced on average 5.5 months of progression-free survival (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-6.0 months). In addition, 40% (95% CI, 31-50%) of patients responded to erdafitinib therapy. Patients receiving erdafitinib therapy should be monitored specifically for elevations in serum phosphate levels and changes in vision. Other adverse effects include anemia, thrombocytopenia, and electrolyte abnormalities. CONCLUSION Erdafitinib is the first small-molecule FGFR inhibitor approved for use in advanced bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera Roubal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Zin W Myint
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jill M Kolesar
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY
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Dalghi MG, Montalbetti N, Carattino MD, Apodaca G. The Urothelium: Life in a Liquid Environment. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1621-1705. [PMID: 32191559 PMCID: PMC7717127 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The urothelium, which lines the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and proximal urethra, forms a high-resistance but adaptable barrier that surveils its mechanochemical environment and communicates changes to underlying tissues including afferent nerve fibers and the smooth muscle. The goal of this review is to summarize new insights into urothelial biology and function that have occurred in the past decade. After familiarizing the reader with key aspects of urothelial histology, we describe new insights into urothelial development and regeneration. This is followed by an extended discussion of urothelial barrier function, including information about the roles of the glycocalyx, ion and water transport, tight junctions, and the cellular and tissue shape changes and other adaptations that accompany expansion and contraction of the lower urinary tract. We also explore evidence that the urothelium can alter the water and solute composition of urine during normal physiology and in response to overdistension. We complete the review by providing an overview of our current knowledge about the urothelial environment, discussing the sensor and transducer functions of the urothelium, exploring the role of circadian rhythms in urothelial gene expression, and describing novel research tools that are likely to further advance our understanding of urothelial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela G Dalghi
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolas Montalbetti
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Gu C, Zhao K, Zhou N, Liu F, Xie F, Yu S, Feng Y, Chen L, Yang J, Tian F, Jiang G. UBAC2 promotes bladder cancer proliferation through BCRC-3/miRNA-182-5p/p27 axis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:733. [PMID: 32913183 PMCID: PMC7484802 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences have demonstrated that ubiquitin-associated domain-containing protein 2 (UBAC2) is closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. However, the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of UBAC2 in bladder cancer (BC) development have not been defined. In this study, we found that both UBAC2 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines, and knockdown of UBAC2 inhibited BC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, Kaplan-Meier survival plots of 406 BC cases from TCGA database showed that higher expression of UBAC2 in BC patients was associated with lower survival rate. Mechanistic studies revealed that knockdown of UBAC2 increased the expression of p27 by posttranscriptional regulation. Our previous study indicated that circular RNA BCRC-3 (BCRC-3) promoted the expression of p27 through interacting with miR-182-5p, and reversed miR-182-5p-induced inhibition of p27 3'UTR activity. In the present study, we found that UBAC2 could bind to BCRC-3, and subsequently affected the interaction of BCRC-3 with miR-182-5p to inhibit the expression of p27. Furthermore, knockdown of BCRC-3 partly reversed the upregulation of p27 expression induced by knockdown of UBAC2. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism of UBAC2 in regulating p27 through affecting the function of BCRC-3, and provide a research basis for the diagnostic and therapeutic application of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Gu
- Departments of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Keyuan Zhao
- Departments of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Naichun Zhou
- Departments of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266013, China
| | - Shunli Yu
- Departments of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yongjie Feng
- Departments of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Long Chen
- Departments of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Departments of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Fengyan Tian
- Departments of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Gowthami J, Gururaj N, Mahalakshmi V, Sathya R, Sabarinath TR, Doss DM. Genetic predisposition and prediction protocol for epithelial neoplasms in disease-free individuals: A systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:293-307. [PMID: 33456239 PMCID: PMC7802851 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_348_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial neoplasm is an important global health-care problem, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for increased life survival. Prediction of occurrence of malignancy in a disease-free individual by any means will be a great breakthrough for healthy living. Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives were to predict the genetic predisposition and propose a prediction protocol for epithelial malignancy of various systems in our body, in a disease-free individual. Methods We have searched databases both manually and electronically, published in English language in Cochrane group, Google search, MEDLINE and PubMed from 2000 to 2019. We have included all the published, peer-reviewed, narrative reviews; randomized controlled trials; case-control studies; and cohort studies and excluded the abstract-only articles and duplicates. Specific words such as "etiological factors," "pathology and mutations," "signs and symptoms," "genetics and IHC marker," and "treatment outcome" were used for the search. A total of 1032 citations were taken, and only 141 citations met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results After analyzing various articles, the etiological factors, clinical signs and symptoms, genes and the pathology involved and the commonly used blood and tissue markers were analyzed. A basic investigation strategy using immunohistochemistry markers was established. Conclusion The set of proposed biomarkers should be studied in future to predict genetic predisposition in disease-free individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gowthami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Gururaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Mahalakshmi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sathya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T R Sabarinath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Daffney Mano Doss
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dalangood S, Zhu Z, Ma Z, Li J, Zeng Q, Yan Y, Shen B, Yan J, Huang R. Identification of glycogene-type and validation of ST3GAL6 as a biomarker predicts clinical outcome and cancer cell invasion in urinary bladder cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:10078-10091. [PMID: 32929335 PMCID: PMC7481430 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide characterized by a high risk of invasion and metastasis; however, the molecular classification biomarkers and underlying molecular mechanisms for UBC patient stratification on clinical outcome need to be investigated. Methods: A systematic transcriptomic analysis of 185 glycogenes in the public UBC datasets with survival information and clinicopathological parameters were performed using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. The gene signature for glycogene-type classification was identified using Limma package in R language, and correlated to 8 known molecular features by Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA). The clinical relevance and function of a glycogene was characterized by immunohistochemistry in UBC patient samples, and quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, promoter activity, MAL II blotting, immunofluorescence staining, wound healing, and transwell assays in UBC cells. Results: A 14-glycogene signature for glycogene-type classification was identified. Among them, ST3GAL6, a glycotransferase to transfer sialic acid to 3'-hydroxyl group of a galactose residue, showed a significant negative association with the subtype with luminal feature in UBC patients (n=2,130 in total). Increased ST3GAL6 was positively correlated to tumor stage, grade, and survival in UBCs from public datasets or our cohort (n=52). Transcription factor GATA3, a luminal-specific marker for UBC, was further identified as a direct upstream regulator of ST3GAL6 to negatively regulate its transactivation. ST3GAL6 depletion decreased MAL II level, cell invasion and migration in 5637 and J82 UBC cells. ST3GAL6 could reverse the effects of GATA3 on global sialylation and cell invasion in SW780 cells. Conclusions: Herein, we successfully identified a novel 14-gene signature for glycogene-type classification of UBC patients. ST3GAL6 gene, from this signature, was demonstrated as a potential biomarker for poor outcomes and cell invasion in UBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiya Dalangood
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qinghe Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Mar N, Dayyani F. Management of Urothelial Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice: Real-World Answers to Difficult Questions. J Oncol Pract 2020; 15:421-428. [PMID: 31404517 DOI: 10.1200/jop.19.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of urothelial bladder cancer has historically been challenging as a result of a limited grasp of disease biology and few available systemic therapy options, mainly consisting of platinum-based chemotherapy. Improved understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer as well as their correlation with tumor behavior and response to treatment has emerged over the past few years. Remarkable therapeutic advances have been made with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors, which have changed the course of this disease. Multiple agents with novel mechanisms of action are also actively being explored in ongoing clinical trials. These advances are exciting but may prove challenging in terms of how to apply this constantly evolving plethora of data to actual patients. This review addresses the gray areas and challenging questions that frequently arise in clinical practice.
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Han Y, Peng Y, Fu Y, Cai C, Guo C, Liu S, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen E, Long K, Wang X, Yu J, Shen H, Zeng S. MLH1 Deficiency Induces Cetuximab Resistance in Colon Cancer via Her-2/PI3K/AKT Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000112. [PMID: 32670759 PMCID: PMC7341094 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid onset of resistance to cetuximab (CTX) limits its clinical utility in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study aims to understand a potential role of mismatch repair gene mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) in CTX response. Functional analysis of MLH1 in Her-2/phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/PKB protein kinase (AKT)-regulated CTX sensitivity is performed using human CRC specimens, CRC cell lines with different MLH1 expression levels, and a subcutaneous xenograft model. Overexpression, knockdown, small interfering RNA, and inhibitors are used to examine the role of MLH1 and HER-2 downstream signaling and apoptotic targets in CTX sensitivity. Reduced MLH1 expression is correlated with unfavorable prognosis in cetuximab-treated patients. MLH1 loss decreases CTX sensitivity through Her-2/PI3K/AKT signaling and apoptosis resistance in culture and in xenografts, while MLH1 overexpression increases CTX sensitivity. Blocking Her-2 signaling increases CTX sensitivity of microsatellite instability CRC in vitro and in vivo. MLH1 loss induces activation of Her-2/PI3K/AKT signaling and leads to cetuximab resistance in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Yinghui Peng
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan ProvinceXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan ProvinceXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Cao Guo
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan ProvinceXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Yiyi Li
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan ProvinceXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan ProvinceXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Edward Shen
- Department of Life ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONL8S 4L8Canada
| | - Kexin Long
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan ProvinceXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan ProvinceXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan ProvinceXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan ProvinceXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
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Lee HW, Chung W, Lee HO, Jeong DE, Jo A, Lim JE, Hong JH, Nam DH, Jeong BC, Park SH, Joo KM, Park WY. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the tumor microenvironment and facilitates strategic choices to circumvent treatment failure in a chemorefractory bladder cancer patient. Genome Med 2020; 12:47. [PMID: 32460812 PMCID: PMC7251908 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms and complex interactions with the tumor microenvironment contribute to therapeutic failure via tumor evolution. It may be possible to overcome treatment resistance by developing a personalized approach against relapsing cancers based on a comprehensive analysis of cell type-specific transcriptomic changes over the clinical course of the disease using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). METHODS Here, we used scRNA-seq to depict the tumor landscape of a single case of chemo-resistant metastatic, muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIUBC) addicted to an activating Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) mutation. In order to analyze tumor evolution and microenvironmental changes upon treatment, we also applied scRNA-seq to the corresponding patient-derived xenograft (PDX) before and after treatment with tipifarnib, a HRAS-targeting agent under clinical evaluation. RESULTS In the parallel analysis of the human MIUBC and the PDX, diverse stromal and immune cell populations recapitulated the cellular composition in the human and mouse tumor microenvironment. Treatment with tipifarnib showed dramatic anticancer effects but was unable to achieve a complete response. Importantly, the comparative scRNA-seq analysis between pre- and post-tipifarnib-treated PDX revealed the nature of tipifarnib-refractory tumor cells and the tumor-supporting microenvironment. Based on the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in surviving tumor cells, and the accumulation of multiple immune-suppressive subsets from post-tipifarnib-treated PDX, a PD-L1 inhibitor, atezolizumab, was clinically applied; this resulted in a favorable response from the patient with acquired resistance to tipifarnib. CONCLUSION We presented a single case report demonstrating the power of scRNA-seq for visualizing the tumor microenvironment and identifying molecular and cellular therapeutic targets in a treatment-refractory cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Chung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- DCGen Co., Ltd, Seoul, 03170, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Jo
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Eun Lim
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chang Jeong
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeung-Min Joo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Matuszczak M, Salagierski M. Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Biomarkers CYFRA 21.1, ERCC1, p53, FGFR3 and TATI in Bladder Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093360. [PMID: 32397531 PMCID: PMC7247579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high occurrence of bladder cancer and its tendency to recur in combination with a lifelong surveillance make the treatment of superficial bladder cancer one of the most expensive and time-consuming. Moreover, carcinoma in situ often leads to muscle invasion with an unfavorable prognosis. Currently, invasive methods including cystoscopy and cytology remain a gold standard. The aim of this study was to explore urine-based biomarkers to find the one with the best specificity and sensitivity, which would allow optimizing the treatment plan. In this review, we sum up the current knowledge about Cytokeratin fragments (CYFRA 21.1), Excision Repair Cross-Complementation 1 (ERCC1), Tumour Protein p53 (Tp53), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3), Tumor-Associated Trypsin Inhibitor (TATI) and their potential applications in clinical practice.
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46
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Nazari A, Ahmadi Z, Hassanshahi G, Abbasifard M, Taghipour Z, Falahati-Pour SK, Khorramdelazad H. Effective Treatments for Bladder Cancer Affecting CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/CXCR3 Axis: A Review. Oman Med J 2020; 35:e103. [PMID: 32181005 PMCID: PMC7064791 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) originates mainly from the epithelial compartment of the bladder, which is defined as transitional cell carcinoma or urothelial cell carcinoma. About 70% of patients with BC will survive five years from diagnosis. Previous studies revealed that the immune system and its mediators, particularly chemokines, play a crucial role in modulating responses against BC. Chemokines, which serve as chemoattractants for leukocytes, are small proteins that can initiate inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses and also are associated with many aspects of both regulation and progression of mentioned responses. Additionally, these immune mediators can interfere with the other tumor-related processes, including tumor proliferation, neovascularization, and metastases. Among these chemokines, CXC chemokines, including CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, are recognized as the main ligands of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and contribute to related immune responses after therapeutic strategies for BC. Evidence suggests that the production of these chemokines can have two important implications. First, these mediators can trigger the accumulation of CD8+ T cells that can contribute to the elimination of the tumor. Secondly, the production of these chemokines by tumor tissue may trigger the migration and activation of immune cells including myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, which act in favor of the tumor and its progress. Therefore, in this review, we describe the latest therapeutic approaches based on targeting this axis's components and subsequent immune phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nazari
- Non Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Taghipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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47
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Cao Y, Tian T, Li W, Xu H, Zhan C, Wu X, Wang C, Wu X, Wu W, Zheng S, Xie K. Long non-coding RNA in bladder cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:113-121. [PMID: 31940466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignant disease and ranks fourteenth in cancer mortality worldwide. Moreover, among cancers, the incidence and mortality of BC in males increased to the 6th and 9th place, respectively. The overall survival (OS) declines dramatically as the cancer progresses, especially when urothelial cells transition from noninvasive to invasive. It is well known that epithelial cells can acquire invasive properties and a propensity to metastasize through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in tumourigenesis and progression. However, the potential molecular mechanisms and key pathways are still unclear. As the sequencing technology advances, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play an important role in regulating biological processes and cellular pathways. Here, we reviewed important lncRNAs, such as H19, UCA1 and MALAT1, that participate in the malignant phenotype of BC and regulate EMT signalling networks in the invasion-metastasis cascade during BC development. We further discuss MALAT1, PCAT-1 and SPRY4-IT1, and also urine and blood exosomal H19 and PTENP as potential noninvasive biomarkers. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and a double-stranded DNA plasmid (BC-819) have been designed for use in preclinical cancer models and clinical trials in patients. Therefore, the results of investigations have gradually prompted the utility of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanzi Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanfei Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhong Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanke Wu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyun Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Braicu C, Buiga R, Cojocneanu R, Buse M, Raduly L, Pop LA, Chira S, Budisan L, Jurj A, Ciocan C, Magdo L, Irimie A, Dobrota F, Petrut B, Berindan-Neagoe I. Connecting the dots between different networks: miRNAs associated with bladder cancer risk and progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:433. [PMID: 31665050 PMCID: PMC6819535 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urothelial malignancy, characterized by a high recurrence rate. The biology of bladder cancer is complex and needs to be deciphered. The latest evidence reveals the critical role of the non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), as vital regulatory elements in cancer. METHOD We performed a miRNAs microarray using paired tissues (tumor and adjacent normal bladder tissue), followed by the validation with qRT-PCR of five selected transcripts. Additional next-generation sequencing investigation established the interconnection among the altered miRNAs and mutated genes. Based on the overlapping between TCGA data and data obtained in the study, we focused on the systematic identification of altered miRNAs and genes mutated involved in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and progression. RESULTS By overlapping the miRNAs expression data, the two patient cohorts, we identified 18 miRNAs downregulated and, 187 miRNAs upregulated. qRT-PCR validation was completed using a selected panel of two downregulated (miR-139-5p and miR-143-5p) and three up-regulated miRNAs (miR-141b, miR-200 s or miR-205). Altered miRNAs patterns are interrelated to bladder tumorigenesis, allowing them to be used for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Three EMT-related upregulated miRNAs have an essential role in the molecular mechanisms, specifically key processes underlying tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. Using the Ampliseq Cancer Panel kit and Ion Torrent PGM Next-Generation Sequencing an increased mutation rate for TP53, FGFR3, KDR, PIK3CA and ATM were observed, but the mutational status for only TP53 was correlated to the survival rate. The miRNAs pattern, along with the gene mutation pattern attained, can assist for better patient diagnosis. CONCLUSION This study thereby incorporates miRNAs as critical players in bladder cancer prognosis, where their altered gene expression profiles have a critical biological function in relationship with tumor molecular phenotype. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks identified in BC are ripe for exploitation as biomarkers or targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Rares Buiga
- Department of Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Pathology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihail Buse
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Ancuta Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviuta Budisan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ciocan
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Surgery, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynecological Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florentin Dobrota
- Department of Urology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Petrut
- Department of Urology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Department of Urology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Osmanov YI, Gaibov ZA, Kogan EA, Radenska-Lopovok SG, Tursunov KZ. [Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinomas]. Arkh Patol 2019; 81:35-44. [PMID: 31626203 DOI: 10.17116/patol20198105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma in each classification scheme have characteristic immunohistochemical features. At the same time, the results of conducted studies often demonstrate a discrepancy between the genomic profile of urothelial carcinoma and its immunophenotype, which complicates the immunohistochemical verification of the molecular subtypes of these tumors. OBJECTIVE To compare the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of the molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Surgical specimens from 196 patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and bladder were investigated. Paraffin-embedded sections were immunohistochemically examined using the standard protocol. Antibodies against CK5/6, CK17, Rb1 (Dako), CK14, CK18, CK20, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, Cyclin A, Cyclin B, Chromogranin, E-Cadherin, P-Cadherin, p16, Uroplakin II, TUBB2B, Vimentin, ZEB-2 ('Novocastra'), CD44, GATA-3, and Uroplakin III ('Cell Marque') were used. RESULTS Out of 68 (35%) superficial papillary urothelial carcinomas, 24 (12%) tumors constituted Molecular Class I and 12 (6%) and 32 (16%) ones did Molecular Classes II and III, respectively. Of the 128 (65%) muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas, 57 (29%) tumors were referred to as the luminal-papillary molecular subtype, and 24 (12%) and 14 (7%) were as the luminal-infiltrated and luminal molecular subtypes, respectively. The basal squamous molecular subtype was verified in 31 (16%) neoplasms and the neuronal phenotype was detected in 2 (1%) cases. CONCLUSION Most pT1 tissues correspond to Molecular Class II. In the muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma group, the neoplasms with a luminal phenotype predominate over the tumors with basal and neuronal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu I Osmanov
- Acad. A.I. Strukov Department of Anatomic Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Research Clinical Center of the OAO RhD, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zh A Gaibov
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Research Clinical Center of the OAO RhD, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Kogan
- Acad. A.I. Strukov Department of Anatomic Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Radenska-Lopovok
- Acad. A.I. Strukov Department of Anatomic Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kh Z Tursunov
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
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Ohadian Moghadam S, Nowroozi MR. Toll‐like receptors: The role in bladder cancer development, progression and immunotherapy. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12818. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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