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Sams MP, Iansavitchous J, Astridge M, Rysan H, Xu LS, Rodrigues de Oliveira B, DeKoter RP. N-Acetylcysteine Alters Disease Progression and Increases Janus Kinase Mutation Frequency in a Mouse Model of Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:40-50. [PMID: 38336380 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most prevalent type of cancer in young children and is associated with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was tested for its ability to alter disease progression in a mouse model of B-ALL. Mb1-CreΔPB mice have deletions in genes encoding PU.1 and Spi-B in B cells and develop B-ALL at 100% incidence. Treatment of Mb1-CreΔPB mice with NAC in drinking water significantly reduced the frequency of CD19+ pre-B-ALL cells infiltrating the thymus at 11 weeks of age. However, treatment with NAC did not reduce leukemia progression or increase survival by a median 16 weeks of age. NAC significantly altered gene expression in leukemias in treated mice. Mice treated with NAC had increased frequencies of activating mutations in genes encoding Janus kinases 1 and 3. In particular, frequencies of Jak3 R653H mutations were increased in mice treated with NAC compared with control drinking water. NAC opposed oxidization of PTEN protein ROS in cultured leukemia cells. These results show that NAC alters leukemia progression in this mouse model, ultimately selecting for leukemias with high Jak3 R653H mutation frequencies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In a mouse model of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with high levels of reactive oxygen species, treatment with N-acetylcysteine did not delay disease progression but instead selected for leukemic clones with activating R653H mutations in Janus kinase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia P Sams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (M.P.S., J.I., M.A., H.R., L.S.X., B.R.dO.) and Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (R.P.D.)
| | - James Iansavitchous
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (M.P.S., J.I., M.A., H.R., L.S.X., B.R.dO.) and Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (R.P.D.)
| | - Madeline Astridge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (M.P.S., J.I., M.A., H.R., L.S.X., B.R.dO.) and Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (R.P.D.)
| | - Heidi Rysan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (M.P.S., J.I., M.A., H.R., L.S.X., B.R.dO.) and Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (R.P.D.)
| | - Li S Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (M.P.S., J.I., M.A., H.R., L.S.X., B.R.dO.) and Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (R.P.D.)
| | - Bruno Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (M.P.S., J.I., M.A., H.R., L.S.X., B.R.dO.) and Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (R.P.D.)
| | - Rodney P DeKoter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (M.P.S., J.I., M.A., H.R., L.S.X., B.R.dO.) and Division of Genetics and Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (R.P.D.)
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2
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Umer A, Ghouri MD, Muyizere T, Aqib RM, Muhaymin A, Cai R, Chen C. Engineered Nano-Bio Interfaces for Stem Cell Therapy. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2023; 1:341-356. [PMID: 37654807 PMCID: PMC10466455 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with different topographies provide effective nano-bio interfaces for controlling the differentiation of stem cells. The interaction of stem cells with nanoscale topographies and chemical cues in their microenvironment at the nano-bio interface can guide their fate. The use of nanotopographical cues, in particular nanorods, nanopillars, nanogrooves, nanofibers, and nanopits, as well as biochemical forces mediated factors, including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins, can significantly impact stem cell differentiation. These factors were seen as very effective in determining the proliferation and spreading of stem cells. The specific outgrowth of stem cells can be decided with size variation of topographic nanomaterial along with variation in matrix stiffness and surface structure like a special arrangement. The precision chemistry enabled controlled design, synthesis, and chemical composition of ENMs can regulate stem cell behaviors. The parameters of size such as aspect ratio, diameter, and pore size of nanotopographic structures are the main factors for specific termination of stem cells. Protein corona nanoparticles (NPs) have shown a powerful facet in stem cell therapy, where combining specific proteins could facilitate a certain stem cell differentiation and cellular proliferation. Nano-bio reactions implicate the interaction between biological entities and nanoparticles, which can be used to tailor the stem cells' culmination. The ion release can also be a parameter to enhance cellular proliferation and to commit the early differentiation of stem cells. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the interactions between engineered nano-bio interfaces and stem cells and to develop optimized regenerative medicine and tissue engineering designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Umer
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Muhammad Daniyal Ghouri
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Theoneste Muyizere
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing100190, China
| | - Raja Muhammad Aqib
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing100190, China
| | - Abdul Muhaymin
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing100190, China
| | - Rong Cai
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
& CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- GBA
National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 5110700, China
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3
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Germon ZP, Sillar JR, Mannan A, Duchatel RJ, Staudt D, Murray HC, Findlay IJ, Jackson ER, McEwen HP, Douglas AM, McLachlan T, Schjenken JE, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Huang H, Melo-Braga MN, Plank MW, Alvaro F, Chamberlain J, De Iuliis G, Aitken RJ, Nixon B, Wei AH, Enjeti AK, Huang Y, Lock RB, Larsen MR, Lee H, Vaghjiani V, Cain JE, de Bock CE, Verrills NM, Dun MD. Blockade of ROS production inhibits oncogenic signaling in acute myeloid leukemia and amplifies response to precision therapies. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabp9586. [PMID: 36976863 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abp9586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are frequent in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with a poor prognosis. AML is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce cysteine oxidation in redox-sensitive signaling proteins. Here, we sought to characterize the specific pathways affected by ROS in AML by assessing oncogenic signaling in primary AML samples. The oxidation or phosphorylation of signaling proteins that mediate growth and proliferation was increased in samples from patient subtypes with FLT3 mutations. These samples also showed increases in the oxidation of proteins in the ROS-producing Rac/NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) complex. Inhibition of NOX2 increased the apoptosis of FLT3-mutant AML cells in response to FLT3 inhibitors. NOX2 inhibition also reduced the phosphorylation and cysteine oxidation of FLT3 in patient-derived xenograft mouse models, suggesting that decreased oxidative stress reduces the oncogenic signaling of FLT3. In mice grafted with FLT3 mutant AML cells, treatment with a NOX2 inhibitor reduced the number of circulating cancer cells, and combining FLT3 and NOX2 inhibitors increased survival to a greater extent than either treatment alone. Together, these data raise the possibility that combining NOX2 and FLT3 inhibitors could improve the treatment of FLT3 mutant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacary P Germon
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Sillar
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan J Duchatel
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Dilana Staudt
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather C Murray
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Izac J Findlay
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Evangeline R Jackson
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly P McEwen
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Alicia M Douglas
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tabitha McLachlan
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Skerrett-Byrne
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Honggang Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marcella N Melo-Braga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maximilian W Plank
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- GlaxoSmithKline, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Janis Chamberlain
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff De Iuliis
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Heather Lee
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Vijesh Vaghjiani
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles E de Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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4
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Cui Y, Gutierrez S, Ariai S, Öberg L, Thörn K, Gehrmann U, Cloonan SM, Naessens T, Olsson H. Non-heme iron overload impairs monocyte to macrophage differentiation via mitochondrial oxidative stress. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998059. [PMID: 36341326 PMCID: PMC9634638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a key element for systemic oxygen delivery and cellular energy metabolism. Thus regulation of systemic and local iron metabolism is key for maintaining energy homeostasis. Significant changes in iron levels due to malnutrition or hemorrhage, have been associated with several diseases such as hemochromatosis, liver cirrhosis and COPD. Macrophages are key cells in regulating iron levels in tissues as they sequester excess iron. How iron overload affects macrophage differentiation and function remains a subject of debate. Here we used an in vitro model of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation to study the effect of iron overload on macrophage function. We found that providing excess iron as soluble ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) rather than as heme-iron complexes derived from stressed red blood cells (sRBC) interferes with macrophage differentiation and phagocytosis. Impaired macrophage differentiation coincided with increased expression of oxidative stress-related genes. Addition of FAC also led to increased levels of cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interfered with mitochondrial function and ATP generation. The effects of iron overload were reproduced by the mitochondrial ROS-inducer rotenone while treatment with the ROS-scavenger N-Acetylcysteine partially reversed FAC-induced effects. Finally, we found that iron-induced oxidative stress interfered with upregulation of M-CSFR and MAFB, two crucial determinants of macrophage differentiation and function. In summary, our findings suggest that high levels of non-heme iron interfere with macrophage differentiation by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. These findings might be important to consider in the context of diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where both iron overload and defective macrophage function have been suggested to play a role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Yue Cui, ; Saray Gutierrez,
| | - Saray Gutierrez
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Yue Cui, ; Saray Gutierrez,
| | - Sheller Ariai
- Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Öberg
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Thörn
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gehrmann
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzanne M. Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute and Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Naessens
- Bioscience Cough & In vivo, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henric Olsson
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Shimizu H, Katsurahara K, Inoue H, Shiozaki A, Kosuga T, Kudou M, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Fujiwara H, Morinaga Y, Konishi E, Otsuji E. NADPH Oxidase 2 Has a Crucial Role in Cell Cycle Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:8677-8687. [PMID: 35972670 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are transmembrane proteins that generate reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have reported that NOXs are involved in tumor progression in various cancers. However, the expression and role of NOX2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the pathophysiologic role of NOX2 in patients with ESCC and cell lines. METHODS Two human ESCC cell lines (TE5 and KYSE170) were used for NOX2 transfection experiments, and the effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell motility, and cell survival were analyzed. An mRNA microarray analysis was also performed to assess gene expression profiles. Additionally, NOX2 immunohistochemistry was performed on 130 primary ESCC tumor samples to assess the prognostic value of NOX2 in patients with ESCC. RESULTS NOX2 depletion significantly inhibited cell proliferation with the G0/G1 arrest and resulted in apoptosis in two cell lines. Microarray analysis revealed a strong relationship between NOX2 gene expression and the signaling pathway of cell cycle regulation by the B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) family, including BTG2, CCNE2, E2F1, and CDK2 genes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that high NOX2 protein expression was significantly associated with deeper tumor invasion and selected as one of the independent prognostic factors associated with the 5-year OS rate in patients with ESCC. CONCLUSIONS NOX2 expression in ESCC cells affects tumorigenesis, especially cell cycle progression via the BTG2-related signaling pathway, as well as the prognosis of patients with ESCC. NOX2 may be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Katsurahara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Morinaga
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Erdogan F, Qadree AK, Radu TB, Orlova A, de Araujo ED, Israelian J, Valent P, Mustjoki SM, Herling M, Moriggl R, Gunning PT. Structural and mutational analysis of member-specific STAT functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130058. [PMID: 34774983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The STAT family of transcription factors control gene expression in response to signals from various stimulus. They display functions in diseases ranging from autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory disease to cancer and infectious disease. SCOPE OF REVIEW This work uses an approach informed by structural data to explore how domain-specific structural variations, post-translational modifications, and the cancer genome mutational landscape dictate STAT member-specific activities. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We illustrated the structure-function relationship of STAT proteins and highlighted their effect on member-specific activity. We correlated disease-linked STAT mutations to the structure and cancer genome mutational landscape and proposed rational drug targeting approaches of oncogenic STAT pathway addiction. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Hyper-activated STATs and their variants are associated with multiple diseases and are considered high value oncology targets. A full understanding of the molecular basis of member-specific STAT-mediated signaling and the strategies to selectively target them requires examination of the difference in their structures and sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fettah Erdogan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdul K Qadree
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tudor B Radu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satu M Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Herling
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada.
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7
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Rinaldi I, Putri A, Louisa M, Koesnoe S. High STAT5A Expression is Associated with Major Molecular Response Achievement Failure of Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Receiving Hydroxyurea before Imatinib: A Cross-sectional Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: STAT5 is a transcriptional factor which when highly expressed in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells stimulate proliferation and mediate resistance from tyrosine kinase inhibitors, resulting in major molecular response (MMR) failure. STAT5 has two isoforms, STAT5A and STAT5B. However, prolonged use of imatinib appears to only upregulate STAT5A pathway. In addition, the resistance conferred by STAT5A does not extend to other drugs such as hydroxyurea. Hence, STAT5A and STAT5B might have different functions in CML cells.
AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the association of STAT5A and STAT5B expression with MMR failure in CML patients.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of CML patients in chronic phase with age ≥ 18 years old, receiving IM therapy ≥ 12 months, and previously given hydroxyurea. MMR status was evaluated and patients were categorized as achieved or failed to achieve MMR. Expression levels of STAT5A and STAT5B were conducted using RT-PCR methods. Associations between STAT5A expression, STAT5B expression, hydroxyurea duration, and imatinib duration with MMR achievement were calculated using logistic regression.
RESULTS: A total of 118 patients were analyzed; 71.1% failed to achieve MMR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant association between high STAT5A expression (odds ratio [OR]: 3.852; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.420–10.452; p = 0.008), STAT5A/STAT5B interaction (OR: 0.150; 95% CI: 0.038–0.593; p = 0.007), longer hydroxyurea administration (OR: 3.882; 95% CI: 1.023–14.733; p = 0.046), and shorter imatinib administration (OR: 0.333; 95% CI: 0.132–0.840; p = 0.020) with MMR achievement failure. After adjusting STAT5A expression with STAT5A/STAT5B interaction, high STAT5A expression independently increased the likelihood of MMR achievement failure only in high expression STAT5B patients (OR: 3.852; 95% CI: 1.420–10.452; p = 0.008).
CONCLUSION: High STAT5A expression which is induced by high STAT5B is associated with MMR achievement failure of chronic phase CML patients who received hydroxyurea before imatinib. Longer duration of hydroxyurea and shorter duration of IM confound of STAT5A expression to MMR achievement failure.
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8
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Bélanger V, Benmoussa A, Napartuk M, Warin A, Laverdière C, Marcoux S, Levy E, Marcil V. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiometabolic Health of Children During Cancer Treatment and Potential Impact of Key Nutrients. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:293-318. [PMID: 33386063 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The 5-year survival rate of childhood cancers is now reaching 84%. However, treatments cause numerous acute and long-term side effects. These include cardiometabolic complications, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and increased fat mass. Recent Advances: Many antineoplastic treatments can induce oxidative stress (OxS) and trigger an inflammatory response, which may cause acute and chronic side effects. Critical Issues: Clinical studies have reported a state of heightened OxS and inflammation during cancer treatment in children as the result of treatment cytotoxic action on both cancerous and noncancerous cells. Higher levels of OxS and inflammation are associated with treatment side effects and with the development of cardiometabolic complications. Key nutrients (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary antioxidants, probiotics, and prebiotics) have the potential to modulate inflammatory and oxidative responses and, therefore, could be considered in the search for adverse complication prevention means as long as antineoplastic treatment efficiency is maintained. Future Directions: There is a need to better understand the relationship between cardiometabolic complications, OxS, inflammation and diet during pediatric cancer treatment, which represents the ultimate goal of this review. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 293-318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bélanger
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mélanie Napartuk
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Alexandre Warin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Marcoux
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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9
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IgE-Induced Mast Cell Activation Is Suppressed by Dihydromyricetin through the Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133877. [PMID: 34201934 PMCID: PMC8270306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 1 allergic reactions by binding to IgE and allergen complexes and initiating the degranulation process, releasing pro-inflammatory mediators. Recently, research has focused on finding a stable and effective anti-allergy compound to prevent or treat anaphylaxis. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a flavonoid compound with several pharmacological properties, including free radical scavenging, antithrombotic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic inflammatory effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of DHM in the DNP-IgE-sensitized human mast cell line, KU812. The cytokine levels and mast cell degranulation assays were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The possible mechanism of the DHM-mediated anti-allergic signaling pathway was analyzed by western blotting. It was found that treatment with DHM suppressed the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in DNP-IgE-sensitized KU812 cells. The anti-allergic inflammatory properties of DHM were mediated by inhibition of NF-κB activation. In addition, DHM suppressed the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and mast cell-derived tryptase production. Our study shows that DHM could mitigate mast cell activation in allergic diseases.
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10
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Pimozide and Imipramine Blue Exploit Mitochondrial Vulnerabilities and Reactive Oxygen Species to Cooperatively Target High Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060956. [PMID: 34203664 PMCID: PMC8232307 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a high relapse rate. Cytokine receptor targeted therapies are therapeutically attractive but are subject to resistance-conferring mutations. Likewise, targeting downstream signaling pathways has been difficult. Recent success in the development of synergistic combinations has provided new hope for refractory AML patients. While generally not efficacious as monotherapy, BH3 mimetics are very effective in combination with chemotherapy agents. With this in mind, we further explored novel BH3 mimetic drug combinations and showed that pimozide cooperates with mTOR inhibitors and BH3 mimetics in AML cells. The three-drug combination was able to reach cells that were not as responsive to single or double drug combinations. In Flt3-internal tandem duplication (ITD)-positive cells, we previously showed pimozide to be highly effective when combined with imipramine blue (IB). Here, we show that Flt3-ITD+ cells are sensitive to an IB-induced dynamin 1-like (Drp1)-p38-ROS pathway. Pimozide contributes important calcium channel blocker activity converging with IB on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Overall, these data support the concept that antioxidants are a double-edged sword. Rationally designed combination therapies have significant promise for further pre-clinical development and may ultimately lead to improved responses.
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11
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Samimi A, Khodayar MJ, Alidadi H, Khodadi E. The Dual Role of ROS in Hematological Malignancies: Stem Cell Protection and Cancer Cell Metastasis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:262-275. [PMID: 31912368 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial role in hematopoiesis, regulation of differentiation, self-renewal, and the balance between quiescence and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The HSCs are a small population of undifferentiated cells that reside in the bone marrow (BM) and can undergo self-renewal by giving rise to mature cells. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search (2000-2019) of English-language papers using the following terms: reactive oxygen species, hematopoietic stem cell, leukemic stem cell, leukemia and chemotherapy. RESULTS HSCs are very sensitive to high levels of ROS and increased production of ROS have been attributed to HSC aging. HSC aging induced by both cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors is linked to impaired HSC self-renewal and regeneration. In addition, the elevated ROS levels might even trigger differentiation of Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and ROS may be involved in the initiation and progression of hematological malignancies, such as leukemia. CONCLUSION Targeting genes involved in ROS in LSCs and HSCs are increasingly being used as a critical target for therapeutic interventions. Appropriate concentration of ROS may be an optimal therapeutic target for treatment of leukemia during chemotherapy, but still more studies are required to better understanding of the of ROS role in blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Samimi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Legal Medicine Organization, Legal Medicine Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadis Alidadi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elahe Khodadi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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12
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Discovery of Oxazol-2-amine Derivatives as Potent Novel FLT3 Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215154. [PMID: 33167505 PMCID: PMC7663913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (ITD) of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is the most common mutation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3-ITD+ induces constitutive activation of FLT3, causing an abnormally rapid proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, we identified novel FLT3 inhibitors and investigated 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-phenyloxazol-2-amine (compound 7; 7c) as candidates for the treatment of AML. The results showed that 7c inhibited the activities of FLT3 and mutated FLT3 in a cell-free kinase assay and Molm-13 and MV4-11 cells, as well as the proliferation of FLT3-ITD+ AML cells, increasing apoptosis. The anti-leukemic activity of 7c was confirmed by in vivo tumor growth inhibition in MV4-11 xenograft mice. Besides, 7c suppressed the expression of DNA damage repair genes. Combination treatment with 7c and olaparib (a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase [PARP] inhibitor) synergistically inhibited cell proliferation in Molm-13 and MV4-11 cells. Our findings demonstrated that 7c is a therapeutic candidate targeting FLT3 for AML treatment and suggested that combination treatment with 7c and a PARP inhibitor may be an effective therapy regimen for FLT3-mutated AML.
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13
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Darici S, Alkhaldi H, Horne G, Jørgensen HG, Marmiroli S, Huang X. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR in AML: Rationale and Clinical Evidence. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092934. [PMID: 32932888 PMCID: PMC7563273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy characterized by excessive proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow. AML has a very poor 5-year survival rate of just 16% in the UK; hence, more efficacious, tolerable, and targeted therapy is required. Persistent leukemia stem cell (LSC) populations underlie patient relapse and development of resistance to therapy. Identification of critical oncogenic signaling pathways in AML LSC may provide new avenues for novel therapeutic strategies. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, is often hyperactivated in AML, required to sustain the oncogenic potential of LSCs. Growing evidence suggests that targeting key components of this pathway may represent an effective treatment to kill AML LSCs. Despite this, accruing significant body of scientific knowledge, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors have not translated into clinical practice. In this article, we review the laboratory-based evidence of the critical role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in AML, and outcomes from current clinical studies using PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors. Based on these results, we discuss the putative mechanisms of resistance to PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition, offering rationale for potential candidate combination therapies incorporating PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors for precision medicine in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salihanur Darici
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (X.H.); Tel.: +44-0141-301-7883 (S.D.); +44-0141-301-7884 (X.H.)
| | - Hazem Alkhaldi
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
| | - Gillian Horne
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
| | - Heather G. Jørgensen
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Xu Huang
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (X.H.); Tel.: +44-0141-301-7883 (S.D.); +44-0141-301-7884 (X.H.)
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14
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Oxidative resistance of leukemic stem cells and oxidative damage to hematopoietic stem cells under pro-oxidative therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32341354 PMCID: PMC7184730 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are both dependent on the hypoxic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (also known as the BM niche). There is always fierce competition between the two types of cells, and the former exhibits a greater competitive advantage than the latter via multiple mechanisms. Under hypoxia, the dynamic balance between the generation and clearing of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is conducive to maintaining a quiescent state of cells. Quiescent LSCs can reside well in the BM niche, avoiding attack by chemotherapeutic agents, which is the cause of chemotherapeutic resistance and relapse in leukemia. HSCs acquire energy mainly through anaerobic glycolysis, whereas LSCs achieve energy metabolism largely through mitochondrial oxidative respiration. Mitochondria are the primary site of ROS generation. Thus, in theory, mitochondria-mediated respiration will cause an increase in ROS generation in LSCs and a higher intracellular oxidative stress level. The sensitivity of the cells to pro-oxidant drugs increases as well, which allows for the selective clearing of LSCs by pro-oxidative therapy. However, HSCs are also highly sensitive to changes in ROS levels, and the toxic effects of pro-oxidant drugs on HSCs poses a major challenge to pro-oxidative therapy in leukemia. Given the above facts, we reviewed studies on the oxidative resistance of LSCs and the oxidative damage to HSCs under pro-oxidative therapy. An in-depth investigation into the oxidative stress status and regulatory mechanisms of LSCs and HSCs in hypoxic environments will promote our understanding of the survival strategy employed by LSCs and the mechanism of the oxidative damage to HSCs in the BM niche, thus facilitating individualized treatment of leukemia patients and helping eliminate LSCs without disturbing normal hematopoietic cells.
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15
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Böhmer A, Barz S, Schwab K, Kolbe U, Gabel A, Kirkpatrick J, Ohlenschläger O, Görlach M, Böhmer FD. Modulation of FLT3 signal transduction through cytoplasmic cysteine residues indicates the potential for redox regulation. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101325. [PMID: 31606550 PMCID: PMC6812047 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modification of cysteine residues has been shown to regulate the activity of several protein-tyrosine kinases. We explored the possibility that Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), a hematopoietic receptor-tyrosine kinase, is subject to this type of regulation. An underlying rationale was that the FLT3 gene is frequently mutated in Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients, and resulting oncogenic variants of FLT3 with 'internal tandem duplications (FLT3ITD)' drive production of reactive oxygen in leukemic cells. FLT3 was moderately activated by treatment of intact cells with hydrogen peroxide. Conversely, FLT3ITD signaling was attenuated by cell treatments with agents inhibiting formation of reactive oxygen species. FLT3 and FLT3ITD incorporated DCP-Bio1, a reagent specifically reacting with sulfenic acid residues. Mutation of FLT3ITD cysteines 695 and 790 reduced DCP-Bio1 incorporation, suggesting that these sites are subject to oxidative modification. Functional characterization of individual FLT3ITD cysteine-to-serine mutants of all 8 cytoplasmic cysteines revealed phenotypes in kinase activity, signal transduction and cell transformation. Replacement of cysteines 681, 694, 695, 807, 925, and 945 attenuated signaling and blocked FLT3ITD-mediated cell transformation, whereas mutation of cysteine 790 enhanced activity of both FLT3ITD and wild-type FLT3. These effects were not related to altered FLT3ITD dimerization, but likely caused by changed intramolecular interactions. The findings identify the functional relevance of all cytoplasmic FLT3ITD cysteines, and indicate the potential for redox regulation of this clinically important oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Böhmer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Saskia Barz
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Katjana Schwab
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kolbe
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anke Gabel
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Görlach
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank-D Böhmer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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16
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Rébé C, Ghiringhelli F. STAT3, a Master Regulator of Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1280. [PMID: 31480382 PMCID: PMC6770459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment regulate cancer growth. Thus cancer progression is dependent on the activation or repression of transcription programs involved in the proliferation/activation of lymphoid and myeloid cells. One of the main transcription factors involved in many of these pathways is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In this review we will focus on the role of STAT3 and its regulation, e.g. by phosphorylation or acetylation in immune cells and how it might impact immune cell function and tumor progression. Moreover, we will review the ability of STAT3 to regulate checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rébé
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231,University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231,University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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17
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Angelucci A. Targeting Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer: Lessons for an Effective Targeted Therapy in the Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040490. [PMID: 30959887 PMCID: PMC6520702 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
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18
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Jung YY, Shanmugam MK, Narula AS, Kim C, Lee JH, Namjoshi OA, Blough BE, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Oxymatrine Attenuates Tumor Growth and Deactivates STAT5 Signaling in a Lung Cancer Xenograft Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010049. [PMID: 30621055 PMCID: PMC6356594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) is a major alkaloid found in radix Sophorae flavescentis extract and has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities. We elucidated the detailed molecular mechanism(s) underlying the therapeutic actions of OMT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and a xenograft mouse model. Because the STAT5 signaling cascade has a significant role in regulating cell proliferation and survival in tumor cells, we hypothesized that OMT may disrupt this signaling cascade to exert its anticancer effects. We found that OMT can inhibit the constitutive activation of STAT5 by suppressing the activation of JAK1/2 and c-Src, nuclear localization, as well as STAT5 binding to DNA in A549 cells and abrogated IL-6-induced STAT5 phosphorylation in H1299 cells. We also report that a sub-optimal concentration of OMT when used in combination with a low dose of paclitaxel produced significant anti-cancer effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and causing substantial apoptosis. In a preclinical lung cancer mouse model, OMT when used in combination with paclitaxel produced a significant reduction in tumor volume. These results suggest that OMT in combination with paclitaxel can cause an attenuation of lung cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | | | - Chulwon Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ojas A Namjoshi
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27616, USA.
| | - Bruce E Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27616, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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